The Story of Poet Du Fu

Du Fu, a great realistic poet, is eleven years younger than Li Bai. He was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. His grandfather Du was a famous poet in the same era as Song and Shen, and also contributed to the formation and development of five-character poems. Du Fu's father was Sima in Yanzhou, and his mother Cui Shi died young. Du Fu studied poetry books since childhood. As he claimed in a poem: "Reading is like breaking ten thousand volumes, and writing is like being divine." He is knowledgeable and politically ambitious. In 736 AD, he took the Jinshi exam, but failed. So he roamed around Lu Ji and wrote his earliest poems, such as "Climbing Yanzhou Tower", "Painting Eagle" and "Fang Bing Grass and Huma", in which "when you climb to the top, you can see that all the other mountains are short in the sky." It has become a famous sentence through the ages in Wang Yue. In 744 AD, Du Fu met Li Bai, a great poet released by Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in Luoyang, the eastern capital. The two stars in the poem met happily. They went to Liang (now Kaifeng, Henan) and Song (now Shangqiu) together and met Gao Shi, a famous poet who was good at frontier poems. The next year, Du Fu met Li Bai again. They stayed in Jizhou (now Jinan, Shandong Province) and Yanzhou for several months, drinking and writing poems, visiting hermits in the mountains, "drunk in autumn, walking hand in hand", and were inseparable. But since then, the two have never had a chance to meet again. In 746 AD, Du Fu returned to Kyoto. In the second year, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued an imperial edict to the world, and all literati who were proficient in art could go to Beijing to take the exam. But at that time, Li, the prime minister appointed by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was a treacherous and jealous traitor. He was most afraid that talented people would enter the court and hinder him from abusing power for personal gain, so he ordered the examiner not to enter anyone. Du Fu once again came to the bottom, and his life became increasingly poor. He had to show his talent by throwing poems at some dignitaries. In 75 1 year (Tianbao Decade), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty held three sacrificial ceremonies. Du Fu seized this opportunity to write three Li Fu, which was appreciated by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu passed the exam of Jixian Academy, only got the qualification of candidate official, and it took another four years to get the position of soldier Cao. During his ten years in Chang 'an, Du Fu gradually recognized the decadent appearance of the feudal ruling group and saw the miserable life of the poor people, which made him closer to the masses in thought and creation. In the autumn of 755 AD, Du Fu left Beijing for home. Passing through Lishan Palace, he saw that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and his cronies were having fun all night. But when he got home, he realized that his little son had starved to death. It was the autumn harvest season, and he was still an official, and his children starved to death. This is too great for Du Fu. Think about ordinary people and how hard their lives should be. So I wrote "Sing 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian". In this law, "the wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death" has become a well-known aphorism. An Lushan rebelled and was trapped in Chang 'an. In 757 AD, he fled Chang 'an and met Tang Suzong in Fengxiang. Tang Suzong appointed him as the left gleaner. This is the admonition officer around the emperor, but his rank is smaller than that of Qipin Sesame Officer. Less than a month after he took office, he met Tang Suzong who withdrew from the Prime Minister's Office, and Du Fu wrote a letter of remonstrance to defend the Prime Minister's Office. Who knows that Su Zong was offended and ordered to interrogate Du Fu. Thanks to the new Prime Minister Zhang Gao and others, Du Fu was spared from punishment. In 758 AD, Du Fu was demoted to Huazhou (now Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province) to join the army. In Iowa, he saw the tragic life of more people in the war and how many human tragedies the war brought to the working people. Therefore, he wrote his masterpiece and immortal masterpiece in the history of poetry, three officials (Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan official, Tongguan official) and three farewell (newly married, resigned, homeless). Among the six groups of poems, Shi Quguan vividly depicts the tragedy of forced conscription by officials, which caused the destruction of people's homes, and its artistic appeal is shocking. The following year, Du Fu gave up his official position and came to Chengdu, where he built several huts beside Huanhuaxi in the suburbs. This is the famous "Du Fu Caotang". In Chengdu, Du Fu's life is relatively stable, but he is still poor. One autumn, the strong wind swept away the grass on the small roof. He thought of more literati who didn't return from his own hardships, so he wrote "The hut was blown by the autumn wind", in which "there are thousands of spacious buildings, and the poor people in the world are happy", which has become a famous sentence that has been passed down to this day. In 765, Du Fu's old friend, Jian Nan, who was guarding Chengdu, died. Du Fu lost his dependence, so he took his family down the Yangtze River. He first went to Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Chongqing), where he lived for two years and wrote more than 400 poems. In 768 AD, Du Fu left Kuizhou and went south along the river, starting his last wandering career. I have been to Jiangling, Gongan, Yueyang and Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan Province) successively, and originally planned to go to my old friend and Tanzhou secretariat Wei Zhijin, but Wei Zhijin died and Tanzhou mutinied, so I had to lead my family down the Xiangjiang River and go to Chenzhou (now Chenzhou, Hunan Province) to take refuge in my uncle Cui Wei. However, when the ship arrived in Leiyang (now Laiyang, Hunan Province), the river surged and the ship could not travel, so it had to stop at Tianyi Fang. They were hungry for five days in Tianyi Fang. Fortunately, Leiyang county magistrate got the news and sent people to bring food and wine, so they didn't starve to death. They can't go south, so they have to return to Tanzhou. He had planned to go north with Tanzhou to Xiangyang and Qinzhong. But by this time Du Fu was very ill. In the winter of 770 A.D., Du Fu wrote a poem "Sleeping on a boat in the storm, giving 36 rhymes to relatives and friends in Hunan", and soon died on the boat. At the age of 59. His family buried him in Yueyang at that time. It was not until forty-three years later that his grandson buried his coffin in Yanshi, Henan. The funeral of a generation of great poets in their later years is so bleak. Du Fu left us more than 1,400 poems. His realistic approach and deep sympathy for the working people reflect the Confucian benevolent demeanor, thus gaining the reputation of "poet saint". His works also describe the real social life in the turbulent period in a large number and directly, so they are known as "the history of poetry". For thousands of years, many people have tried to compare Li Bai and Du Fu. In fact, they are two writers with completely different styles, but their contributions to poetry creation are equally great. As Han Yu, a famous essayist in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Du Li's articles are in full swing." Poet du fu