Concept source:
Shen Yue and others first began to study the theory of temperament and illness in poems in the Southern Dynasties. "The Biography of Southern History and Lu Biao" said: "Tune, Chen Diao, Langya Diao, push each other with the same spirit. Zhou Qingshan of Runan interprets phonology, and all his works are palace merchants, divided into four tones.
With this rhyme, there are flat head, upper tail, bee waist and crane knee. In the five characters, the phonology is different, and within two sentences, the horn number is different, which cannot be increased or decreased. The world needs an eternal body. "
A detailed explanation of the concept
Four tones in classical Chinese pronunciation
Four tones: refers to the four tones of leveling, going up, going and entering. For today's people, its sound value can no longer be looked up, and it can only be estimated by rhyme spectrum. According to Yuan He's Rhyme and Yu's formula, it is inferred that the level tone may be level tone, the rising tone is rising tone, the falling tone is falling tone and the entering tone is rising tone.
Eight diseases
Eight diseases: refers to the defects in the use of four tones when writing five-character poems.
The application of four tones and eight diseases in the article
Four tones refer to the four tones of flat, up, far and forward, which are used to distinguish the flat tones of words. Eight diseases refer to the common problems when using four tones, including flat head, upper tail, bee waist, crane knee, big rhyme, small rhyme, straight button and side button. These diseases mainly refer to the problems that are easy to appear in five-character poems, but they can also be flexibly applied to seven-character poems.
The application of four tones and eight diseases can help poets to follow certain rules and rhythms when creating ancient poems, and make them more neat and beautiful.
Flat head requires that the first and second words of five-character poems cannot be the same as the sixth and seventh words; The last part requires that the tone of the fifth word and the cross of the five-character poem cannot be the same; Bee waist requires that the tone of the second word and the fourth word in a five-character poem cannot be the same, and so on. By following the requirements of four tones and eight diseases, poets can avoid some common mistakes in their creation and make their poems more standardized and accurate.
Four tones and eight diseases are the metrical requirements of ancient poetry, not the rules that modern literary creation must follow. In modern literature, poets can play freely according to their needs and are not limited by four sounds and eight diseases. Understanding the application of four tones and eight diseases is still helpful for us to understand and appreciate the beauty of ancient poetry.