The original guest 1 went to Xin 'an Road, clamoring for soldiers. Excuse me, the new national security official, is it Ding Ershao from Xiaolian County Committee? Last night, the government selected the men's line 3. Middle-aged men are absolutely short, why should they guard the city? The fat man is from his mother, and the thin man is alone. White water flows eastward at dusk, and Qingshan is still crying. Don't let your eyes dry, collect your tears. When the eyes are dry, you will see the bones, and the world is ruthless. Our army takes Xiangzhou and watches it every day. What do you mean? If the thief doesn't know, he will return to the army and scatter. As long as the grain is near the old base area, the soldiers will still be in Beijing. If you can't dig trenches, the horse herding service is also light. The situation is Wang Shishun ten, and his upbringing is very clear. Don't cry when you send me. Servants shoot like fathers and brothers.
Note 1 Guest: Du Fu's self-report. 2 Loud call: Noisy call. Roll call and recruit soldiers according to the household registration list. The questioner of "Sorry" is Du Fu, from which we can see that this poem adopts a question-and-answer style. More: nothing, nothing: in the Tang Dynasty, it was originally "sixteen for Han, twenty-one for Han, and sixty for old". In the third year of Tianbao (744), it was changed to "eighteen for Han and twenty-two for Han". These two sentences are the official answer and explanation: I have to do this because of military orders. Fu Tie: The military iron is called "Fu Tie" because it is a military system in the Tang Dynasty. Second election: because all the able-bodied men have been requisitioned, only middle-aged men can be recruited when recruiting again. Middle-aged men refer to men who have reached maturity. These two sentences are the poet's questions again. It shows an emotional conflict. On the one hand, there should be soldiers guarding the city, on the other hand, Ding has used up all the land, and he has to commandeer underage children to fight and defend the city, which is worrying and even more pitiful. Very short, very short. 5 white water: big river. These two sentences are integrated with the scenery, forming a desolate atmosphere that seems to mourn for the mountains and rivers. 6 dry eyes: there are too many tears in the eyes, which have caused the tears to dry up. Heaven and earth: refers to the imperial court, which is alluded to because it is afraid to point it directly. 7 Xiangzhou: refers to Yecheng, in Anyang County, Henan Province. Evening: morning, evening and all the time. Ping: Calm down and restore. 8 thieves are unpredictable: in fact, it is not because thieves are unpredictable, but because people try not to hide. At that time, Su Zong didn't trust Guo Ziyi and other generals, fearing that it would be difficult for them to command after they were in high positions, so he deliberately suppressed them, which eventually led to the defeat of Yecheng, but Du Fu had to regard them as muddy and blame them on thieves. 9 just ate: eat right away. Near the old base: refers to the vicinity of the old camp. Old Beijing: Luoyang. Julian Waghann: The king's teacher. Originally used to refer to the army of the son of heaven, later used to refer to the * * * army that resisted the invasion of foreign enemies, which is what Du Fu called the "rebel army" here. Shun: the name is justified.
I was walking on my way to Xin 'an when I heard a voice. It turns out that the officers are recruiting in the village. I asked the officer, "Xin 'an, a small county, has been at war for years. Are there any able-bodied men who can be enlisted in the army? "? The officer replied, "Last night, the state government issued a document stipulating the recruitment of China men." I said, "These people are short and small. How can we let them guard Luoyang, the eastern capital? Young and strong people probably have good families and all have mothers to see them off. Most thin young people come from poor families. They were all alone, and no one came to see them off. At dusk, the river flows eastward, and there are people crying off at the foot of the castle peak. Seeing this scene, I comforted the crying person and said, "Put away your tears. Don't cry your eyes and hurt your health in vain. Heaven and earth are always ruthless! The loyalist attack on Xiangzhou could have put down the rebellion in a day or two, but the enemy's situation was so unpredictable that the troops were defeated and scattered. Their meals are provided near the old camp, and training is also conducted in the suburbs of Dudong. All they have to do is dig trenches, and they won't dig deep enough to see water. It is also very easy to graze horses. Besides, the imperial army is the teacher of justice, and the Lord of the country is very concerned about taking care of the foot soldiers. Don't cry so sad for your family who saw you off. Servants are like fathers and brothers. They are not abused by foot soldiers. 」
In the winter of the first year of Huiji (758), after recovering Chang 'an and Luoyang, Guo Ziyi, the general of the Tang Dynasty, continued to attack An Qingxu's army (the son of An Lushan) with nine other envoys until Ye Jun (namely Xiangzhou, now Anyang, Henan). But at this time, out of suspicion, Tang Suzong dismissed the commander-in-chief of Guo Ziyi's army, which led to Tang Jun's ineffective command. Coupled with the shortage of food and grass, the sergeant's morale was low and he eventually fled. Because the soldiers in Tang Jun were scattered in the war and needed to be replenished urgently, the imperial court began to recruit again. When Du Fu passed Xin 'an, he saw this scene and wrote this poem. Xin 'an, to the west of Luoyang. The whole poem is roughly divided into three levels according to eight sentences, eight sentences and twelve sentences. The first part, the first two sentences play a leading role in the whole poem. "Guest" is the poet's self-assertion, and all descriptions in the poem come from "clamoring for soldiers". The other six sentences illustrate the tyranny of conscription in the form of questions and answers between poets and officials. Tianbao's three-year military service system stipulates that eighteen are middle-aged men and twenty-two are men. Under normal circumstances, middle-aged men do not perform military service until they are adults, but now many people are taken away as able-bodied men. The poet asked Xin 'an officials, "Xin 'an County is very small, so there are no able-bodied men, right?" The other party replied, "Last night, the country sent a military post to recruit China men in turn. Du Fu asked: "China men are still young, how can we defend Luoyang? The other party may be speechless, or bored and didn't answer again. This scene shows the poet's sympathy for the people and his stubborn personality. The eight sentences in the second part describe the parting scene of China men before going out to war. A strong middle-aged man, probably from a slightly better family, has a mother to send him. The thin young man was helpless and left by himself. Where's the family? The first part explains the reason: "The county seat is smaller. This sentence and the care before and after "mom sent it" imply that dad is long gone. This situation is even more sad. At dusk, the river flows eastward, but there are sobbing of people who bid me farewell under the green hills. At this time, the poet can only use "don't dry your eyes, put away your tears." When your eyes are dry, you can see bones. The world is heartless. Comfort them, "Mo" and "Harvest" are the first, which is the last ruthlessness of fruit. The poet seems to make people swallow tears, and the feelings of grief and indignation are more profound. The last part analyzes Xiangzhou's defeat in four sentences, and then continues to appease the families of soldiers by using the nature and reality of the army in eight sentences. This not only contains the author's patriotic feelings, but also reflects his concern for the working people. On the one hand, the whole poem criticized the unreasonable conscription system in the Tang Dynasty and revealed the pain brought by the war to the people; On the other hand, it affirmed the rationality of this counterinsurgency war. These seemingly contradictory aspects are the portrayal of the cruel reality of the country's deep disaster and the people's misery at that time, which makes the author extremely sad.