Example 1: (20 13 Jiangsu Volume II) What kind of artistic conception is expressed in the couplet "The taste of the world is always hidden, and times have changed?" (4 points)
The students' general answer: I don't want to go with the flow, and I feel that time flies.
Reference answer: Expressed the mentality of hating officialdom and pursuing calmness.
Analysis: "Unwilling to go along with the common customs" is not as clear as "hating officialdom", but it should be correct. But there is a great distance between "feeling time flies" and "pursuing peace", because "zi" and "park" are incomprehensible, and then we hold on to "time" and naturally it becomes "time flies". The word formation of "bian" should mean "cheap" and "suitable" according to the context.
There are many ways to interpret "Gui" as a sleeping mat, for example, according to the context of the bamboo prefix in the font, the title "Drunk Sleep", "Good Birds Might as well Sleep" and "Frequent Sentences in Dreams", or "Red Lotus Fragrance Can Remain Jade Autumn" in Li Qingzhao's Plum.
Example 2: (20 1 1 the first question of Jiangsu Volume) What are the three aspects that the first four sentences of this poem give high praise to Li Bai? (3 points)
Literal translation: Li Bai's poems are unparalleled, and his superb talent is far beyond the average person. Li Bai's poems have both the freshness of Yu Xin's poems and the elegance of Bao Zhao's works.
Analysis: in the process of understanding the meaning, we should pay attention to the fact that "thinking without group" in the second sentence is a subject-predicate phrase, not a verb-object phrase, and "thinking" here is a noun "ideological interest"; Add the subject "Li Bai's poems" before three or four sentences. On the basis of this understanding, the answer is naturally drawn.
Reference answer: the status of poetry is unparalleled; The ideological interest of poetry is free and easy; Poetic, fresh and elegant.
Therefore, to understand the superficial meaning of poetry, we should also use the following methods like classical Chinese translation:
★ notional word reasoning-font reasoning, knowledge transfer, contact context
Fill in the contents-omit the subject, object, adverbial, transitional language, etc.
Adjust the word order-verb inversion, adverbial postposition, prepositional object, etc.
Integration of sentence meaning-linking before and after, roughly translated into sentences with relatively complete meaning.
Supplementary example:
1, "Poor September 3rd night, Lulu is like a pearl and a moon is like a bow". The "pity" here is associated with the beautiful scenery below, which means "lovely" in ancient times.
2. "Here birds are singing and mountains are shining, and people's hearts touch a calm pool." Here, the understanding of "Yue" and "Empty" must move.
3. "Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Nautilus Island is a nest of herbs". When you understand it, you should change the word order to this: the Hanyang tree in Qingchuan is vivid, and the grass in Nautilus Island is flourishing.
4. "I don't know where people are, but the peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze." The last sentence here must be added in reverse, that is, "Peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze."
(B) the method of understanding and guiding the deep meaning
1. Titles are the starting point of poetry appreciation, because they are rich in information. It can be said that the title of a poem is a guide to poetry appreciation.
Function 1: the topic reveals the content (time, place, people, events). Memories of Li Bai in Spring directly points out the main contents of the poet Du Fu's yearning and admiration for Li Bai in Spring.
Function 2: The title reveals the mood. The "memory" in the title of "Spring Back to Li Bai" directly points out the thoughts and admiration for Li Bai. Another example is Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night and Tianjin Sha Qiu Si.
Function 3: The title indicates the theme of the poem and implies the content of the poem. Because poems are of the same genre, there are generally similar poems.
Rong. For example, partridge sky gives people away, political prisoners listen to cicadas, and they will enjoy the Gubeiting in Jingkou forever.
Example 1. ((2007 Jiangsu Volume)
Zhegutian Songren
Xin Qiji
After singing "Guan Yang Guan", I cried dry, regarded my fame as a funeral, and urged snacks. The water is connected, as if the trees on both sides of the river extend into the endless distance, and the dark clouds with rain buried half the mountain.
Throughout the ages, there are more than a thousand kinds of annoying things. Is it only parting that makes people sad and gathering that makes people smile? It's not very sinister, but the journey of mankind is even more difficult.
(1) What are the thoughts and feelings of "floating in the air to send infinite trees, and rain clouds buried in the middle of the mountain"?
Reference answer: (1) Looking forward to it, reluctant; The road is difficult and dangerous, and the concern of blessing peace; The gloomy feeling of high mountains and flowing water and the confused future.
Analysis: (1) From the title of the poem Farewell, we can roughly grasp that the theme of this poem is "Farewell Poetry".
(2) emotional memories often expressed in farewell poems: ① reluctant memories, no hatred of parting; ② Profound encouragement, praise and wishes; (3) frankly express your heart, in order to spit out the accumulated anger in your chest or show your mind.
(3) According to the general emotion of the farewell poem, combined with the poetic content of this poem, determine the thoughts and feelings contained in this poem.
Example 2: (08 Jiangsu Volume)
Climb the Phoenix Terrace from Nanjing.
li po
There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned.
Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and Egret Island is wet.
There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
Note ① Yishui: also known as "Ershui".
(1) Summarize the contents of the couplets and necklaces of this poem respectively, and talk about what emotions the poet embodies in them. (4 points)
Reference answer: The seal couplets are about the historical sites of the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, while the neck couplets are about the beautiful natural scenery of Jinling. It embodies the vicissitudes of life, the eternity of nature and the feelings of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties.
Analysis: (1) According to the title "Phoenix Tower in Jinling", we can see that the theme of this poem is nostalgia.
(2) The thoughts and feelings that may exist when recalling nostalgic epics.
(3) Combining the content of parallel prose and neck couplet, we can get the emotion contained in it.
★ Knowledge Link: Common Emotion in Poems with Different Themes
(1) farewell poem:
1 reluctant to bring souvenirs;
(2) affectionate encouragement;
(3) Confess Chen Xinzhi's confession;
(4) Imagination, worry and yearning for friends in other situations.
(2) Homesickness Poems: (Poems on the Journey of Imprisonment)
① Wandering and anxiety: Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge.
2 Missing relatives and friends: Wang Wei's "Missing Shandong Brothers on Vacation in the Mountain".
③ Homesickness: Li Yi's Night Cry at the Head of the Hometown Wall.
④ Pregnant in the boudoir: Wang Changling's in my heart forever.
(3) Landscape pastoral poetry:
1. Retire from the countryside and love mountains and rivers;
2. Describe the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers and love the rivers and mountains of the motherland;
3. Reject the darkness of the officialdom, express your carefree mood and express your noble character of never colluding with others.
(4) frontier poems:
(1) main battle thought (eulogizing the dedication of frontier officers and soldiers, the lofty sentiments of making contributions, the passion of serving the motherland, attacking the hawk faction and satirizing the incompetence of the current dynasty)
(2) Anti-war sentiment (harsh environment, the hardships of life beyond the Great Wall, the pain of years of fighting, the sadness of missing relatives, the homesickness of scholars, and the separation of families)
(3) Praise the great rivers and mountains along the frontier of the motherland and marvel at the scenery different from the Central Plains.
(5) reminisce about the past and compose poems:
(1) Express the ambition of making contributions like the ancients, and express the memory of the ancients.
(2) Expressing the ups and downs of the past, implying dissatisfaction or even criticism of reality, and borrowing more from the past to satirize the present.
(3) Worrying about the country and the people, exposing the fatuity and decay of the rulers, sympathizing with the sufferings of the lower classes, and worrying about the future and destiny of the country and the nation.
4. lament the passage of time, ambition is hard to pay.
(6) in my heart forever's poems:
1. Express personal ambition and feelings through boudoir. The most typical one is a poem written by Zhu Qingyu to Secretary Zhang on the eve of Jinshi: "Last night, the wedding stopped and I waited for my uncle and aunt. After makeup, I asked my husband with a low eyebrow. Thrush is out of date. " Zhu Qingyu was a poet in Tang Dynasty, and Zhang Ji had a high position. This poet is appreciated by Zhang Ji, who is willing to recommend the younger generation. So the poet wrote this poem for advice before the exam.
2. Men speak for women and express their thoughts about their husbands who travel far away. In ancient times, women's lack of talent was virtue. Women missed people far away, but few poems were circulated, so men voiced their feelings for women. For example, Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart describes a young boudoir woman. "The young woman in the boudoir has never worried. In spring, she put on makeup and went to a brothel. Suddenly, she saw a strange willow color and regretted letting her husband go to India. " "
The woman expressed her feelings for her husband. The representative writer is Li Qingzhao.
(7) Landscape Lyrics: There are many specific emotions, and the corresponding emotions can only be determined according to different scenes.
(8) Poetry about things: expressing one's ambition, interest or quality by chanting things; Or express your thoughts on life and evaluation of personnel.
Example 3 (Anhui Volume 20 13)
Qiu Zhai du su
Don Wei Wu Ying
The moon is as bright as a candle, and the frost and wind blow the bamboo.
Birds are frightened in the middle of the night, and people leave windows alone.
And Wei Suzhou (1) autumn lent alone.
Jin Zhaobing asked
Cold halo invades the candle, and rain is in the deep bamboo.
Birds sing when they are frightened, but they don't leave cold branches behind.
Note ① Wei Suzhou: Wei was once the secretariat of Suzhou, and was called "Wei Suzhou".
(1) What are the similarities and differences between the poets' moods in the two poems? Please analyze it briefly.
Reference answer: (1) Similarity: Both poems show the feeling of loneliness in autumn night. Wei's poems express his inner loneliness with the wind moving bamboo, birds startled and people left alone; Zhao's poems implicitly express people's lonely mood by luring birds not to stay overnight.
Analysis: According to the words "autumn" and "independence" in the titles of these two poems, it can be inferred that this poem shows the poet's loneliness in the autumn night.
2. To truly understand a poem, the author must understand others and discuss the world. "Knowing people and discussing the world" is to understand the poet's ideological character, life experience, style and genre, creative background and purpose. When reading poetry, we must pay attention to the poet's experience and situation, and pay attention to the national conditions and political affairs of the dynasty in which the poet lived. Only by knowing people and the world can we accurately grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry. Some poems will provide relevant annotations, while others have no annotations, which need to be recalled and refined from accumulated knowledge.
Example 1(20 13 New Curriculum Standard 1)
Queqiaoxian
Lu you
Lanterns are flying and carved saddles are shooting. Who remembers the heroic behavior of that year? Half of the drinkers took seals and went to the river as fishermen alone.
The canoe is eight feet, with three eaves and a low canopy, and Pingzhou is occupied by smoke and rain. Jinghu (3 yuan) is an idle person, so why bother to give it to you!
Note (1) These three sentences are reminiscing about army life. Bo, an ancient board game. 2 occupation: occupation. Pingzhou misty rain: refers to the scenery full of apple grass and misty rain. ③ Jinghu Lake: Jianhu Lake, in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. At the beginning of Tang Tianbao, He Zhangzhi asked to return to his hometown to be a Taoist priest, and Xuanzong gave him a corner of Jinghu Lake.
(1) What do the last two sentences mean? How does it express the author's feelings?
Those drunkards who drink heavily all day are rewarded and sealed, but they can only be idle fishermen by the river, expressing their helplessness and complaints that they can only live in seclusion without paying their ambitions.
Lu You, the View of Ci and the Outstanding Patriotic Poets in Song Dynasty. Lu You lived in the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, the people were suffering and the mountains and rivers were broken. His poems were extremely rich in content, covering almost all aspects of social life at that time, the most important of which was the singing of daily life and scenes with patriotism as the theme, which echoed the passion of patriotism and care for the people and contained rich ideological content. His poems reflect his courage without reservation. When he was young, he still kept Wan Li's pride in joining the army and serving the country with his own body, as always; After the prime of life, sitting and thinking about it is still the meritorious service of the anti-Japanese war to report national humiliation; These are obvious in his works in different periods. Even at the age of eighty-two, the poet's patriotic enthusiasm has not been exhausted. On his deathbed, he wrote the poem "Shizi", which shows his deep concern for the reunification of the motherland. The author of this word is Lu You, so we can roughly guess the feelings in the word first. While describing the beauty and leisure of lakes and mountains, Lu You always contains the bitterness of unfulfilled ambition and strong inner strength.
In fact, many poets' poems not only reflect their fate, but also reflect their temperament and style, and at the same time they are branded with the brand of his time. For example, Li Bai is bold and elegant, and his poems often reveal self-confidence, optimism, arrogance and the pursuit of spiritual freedom; Du Fu's poems are gloomy and frustrated, and often express his thoughts of worrying about the country and the people. Tao Yuanming's tranquil leisure; Another example is Liu Yong, a graceful poet, and Su Xin, an uninhibited poet. He was worried about his country and people all his life, determined to explore the North, but his ambition was hard to pay.
3. Read the notes of the annotated poems. Some introduce the writing background and hint at the ideological content of your poem; Some introduce related poems, implying the allusions or artistic conception of your poems; Some introduce the author, which implies your writing style of this poem. So the note after the poem must not be ignored.
Example 1. (Jiangsu Volume 20 13)
Drunk sleep
Tang Geng
The mountains are as quiet as ancient times, and the days are as long as small years.
The rest of the flowers can still be drunk, and a good bird might as well sleep.
The taste of the world is often hidden, and time goes by.
I often get a sentence in my dream, but I forget it with a brush.
Note Tang Geng, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote this poem when he lived in Huizhou.
(2) What kind of mood does this poem express? (4 points)
Reference answer: Expressed the mentality of hating officialdom and pursuing calmness.
Analysis: The annotation explains that this poem was written by the author when he lived in Huizhou, but when the poet was relegated, he often expressed his talents, hated officialdom and yearned for a quiet life. This poem expresses the state of mind of hating officialdom and pursuing tranquility.
Example 2. (Hubei Volume 20 13)
Linjiangxian
Ouyang Xiu
I remember that Jin Luan sang the first song together, and the spring breeze made the country prosperous. Now I am a poor official and an old man. Ten years of fork in the road, empty negative Qujiang flowers.
It is said that Lang Mountain leads to Yuen Long, but that building is too high to see your family. This lonely city has nothing to do in cold days. It is difficult to leave sorrow, but the mangrove is far away.
Note: During Ouyang Xiu's demotion as the magistrate of Chuzhou, a friend of the same level will come to Langzhou (now Langzhong, Sichuan) to deliver a sentence and visit from afar. Ouyang Xiu made these remarks at the dinner table. The word "Qujiang Flower" refers to the banquet of new scholars, and "Yuen Long" refers to the legendary place where immortals live.
The word (1) contains rich emotions. Please summarize it briefly.
Reference answer: (1)① the joy of reunion after a long separation; (2) The sadness and helplessness of the ups and downs of Guanhai; (3) the sadness of leaving.
Analysis: Through the interpretation of the annotation "Friends on the same list will go to Langzhou (now Langzhong, Sichuan) to pass on sentences and travel far away", "Ouyang Xiu was demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou" and "will go to his post", it can be roughly inferred that the emotions contained in this word mainly include: ① the joy of reunion after a long separation; (2) The sadness and helplessness of the ups and downs of Guanhai; (3) the sadness of leaving. In fact, after grasping this annotation, I almost understood the main content of this poem.
4. The meaning of image is the poet's thoughts, feelings and ideas. "Image" is the image and image of the object. "Image" is an image in the mind and a unique image created by objective images through the poet's emotional activities.
Example 1. (Jiangxi Volume 20 13)
Lunzi, the person in charge of water regulation, was called, and Duanren sat at the table and ate (1).
Xin Qiji
Long hate after long hate, cut into short lines. Who will dance for me and listen to my Chu Guang voice? There are more than nine acres of flowers and trees, and autumn chrysanthemum is more delicious. The surging water outside the door can help me carry tassels.
A glass of wine. What's your name? Everything in the world is always heavy and light. Don't be sad to leave, be happy to meet new people and love children from ancient times to modern times. Wealth is not my business, but belongs to the Bai Ou League.
Note (1) In the third year of Shao Xi (Renzi), Xin Qiji was called to Lin 'an and wrote this word on Chen Duanren's farewell table.
In Yuji, there are three sentences in Lisao: "Nine acres of orchids and a hundred acres of trees in Yuji" and "Drinking Mulan in the morning, dew in the evening and autumn chrysanthemum".
(1) Summarize the * * same connotation of the three images of "Lan", "Hui" and "Ju". (2 points)
Orchids, flowers and chrysanthemums are all flowers and plants, which are used to symbolize the poet's noble character and moral integrity in ci.
There are three images in this poem: "orchid", "Hui" and "chrysanthemum". The annotation tells us that these images come from Qu Yuan's Li Sao. Lan and Hui are herbs, and chrysanthemum is synonymous with "noble" in many poems. Therefore, if we grasp the special connotation of these images and know that they are all used to symbolize the poet's noble character and moral integrity, we can grasp the main content of this poem.
Example 2. (Hunan Volume 20 13)
Hanging cabinet
He Zhu
Green, clean, spring, deep and easy to dye clothes. International Chai Fei. Dissolve and overflow, Bai Ou flies. Forget the machine.
People who go to the north and the south are old people, so there are few old people. The sunset sent the fishing boat home. Mandarin fish fat.
(1) Explore the thoughts and feelings of this word. (4 points)
Through the description of images such as "fishing boat", "Chai Fei", "Bai Ou" and "Siniperca chuatsi", the poet shows the natural beauty of rural life and his inner world of being indifferent to the world and enjoying seclusion. (4 points)
Analysis of this word, there are only epigrams, no titles, no notes, little knowledge of the author, nothing about people and the world, and no obvious expressive keywords. What we can do now is to grasp the symbolic images and try to sort out the emotions. From fishing boats, Chai Fei, Bai Ou and Siniperca chuatsi, we can see that the poet lives in seclusion and enjoys himself.
★ Knowledge link: the meaning of common images
Willow shows parting, hatred or tender feelings.
Huayang symbolizes dispersion.
Indus shows loneliness and melancholy, bitterness and sadness.
Konoha shows a melancholy and lonely state of mind.
Plum blossoms symbolize noble or indomitable purity and whiteness.
Orchids symbolize nobility and beauty.
Chrysanthemum symbolizes seclusion, nobility, refinement and elegance.
Bamboo symbolizes integrity, vulgarity, progress and integrity.
Peach blossom depicts the beauty's face. Peony is rich and beautiful.
Pine and cypress are noble, strong, loyal or full of vitality.
Green leaves show hope and vitality.
Yellow leaves symbolize metabolism or beautiful death.
Grains and millet express the sadness of separation (sighing the prosperity of the past and the decline of the present)
Grass (1) represents endless life and hope (2) represents desolation and remoteness (3) symbolizes status and lowliness.
Huang Liang expresses illusory things or disillusionment of desires.
Blooming symbolizes hope and the beauty of life.
Flowers fall to show frustration, life frustration or cherish spring, sentimental.
Yuanyang often refers to husband and wife, indicating deep feelings.
Hongyan expresses letters, emotional exchanges or homesickness.
Partridges set off desolation, destruction or melancholy.
The cuckoo's sad, sad, homesick or sad expression.
Monkeys and apes are piercing, sad, lonely and sad.
An eagle shows strength, freedom or ambition.
Cuckoo is sad, sad and desolate.
Yan tenderness, cherish spring, miss love, vicissitudes, wandering, faith
Fish show freedom and leisure.
Crow is an ominous thing, or a metaphor for villains or ordinary people.
Sha Ou expressed the wandering or sadness of life.
The bluebird refers to the messenger of the lover.
The sun represents hope, vitality or the passage of time.
The rain in Mao Mao shows vitality, vigor or lingering friendship and love.
Sunset is a metaphor for old age, or expresses loss and laments the vicissitudes of life.
The subtle enlightenment of drizzle
The moon (1) symbolizes the perfection and defect of life; ② Showing the reunion and separation of relatives; 3. Entrust homesickness and homesickness; 4 broad-minded, handsome and beautiful, ruthless.
First frost symbolizes the impermanence of life and easy aging, which indicates the bumpy road ahead.
5. Some allusions are often quoted in allusion poems in Ming Dynasty. The advantage of using allusions is that you can express rich meanings in a few sentences and increase the vividness and implicitness of expression. Can receive concise and meaningful results, enhance the expressive force and appeal of the work.
Example 1 (Jiangxi Volume 20 13)
Lunzi, the person in charge of water regulation, was called, and Duanren sat at the table and ate (1).
Xin Qiji
Long hate after long hate, cut into short lines. Who will dance for me and listen to my Chu Guang voice? There are more than nine acres of flowers and trees, and autumn chrysanthemum is more delicious. The surging water outside the door can help me carry tassels.
A glass of wine. What's your name? Everything in the world is always heavy and light. Don't be sad to leave, be happy to meet new people and love children from ancient times to modern times. Wealth is not my business, but belongs to the Bai Ou League.
Note (1) In the third year of Shao Xi (Renzi), Xin Qiji was called to Lin 'an and wrote this word on Chen Duanren's farewell table.
In Yuji, there are three sentences in Lisao: "Nine acres of orchids and a hundred acres of trees in Yuji" and "Drinking Mulan in the morning, dew in the evening and autumn chrysanthemum".
(1) points out the source of the allusion "Listen to my voice" and "Richness is none of my business". What feelings did the poet express through them? (6 points)
These two allusions come from The Analects of Confucius and Tao Yuanming's Gui Xi Ci. The former takes the crazy communication between Chu and Yu as an allusion, expressing the poet's grief and indignation at the ideal of rejuvenating the country. Based on Tao Yuanming's own situation, the latter expressed the poet's feelings of being indifferent to fame and fortune, being honest and clean.
Analysis of "Listen to My Voice of Chu Kuang" Based on The Analects of Confucius, the hermit of Chu sang a song to relieve depression and satirize Confucius' fascination and boredom with politics. The Analects of Confucius called Jieyu "Chu Kuang". Xin Qiji uses these two allusions here to express his grief and indignation, which is full of "long hatred" but no one understands. The word "crazy" highlights his Geng Jie's unwillingness to follow suit and yield to power. "Wealth is not my business" comes from Tao Yuanming's "Come home to Xi Ci": "Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected." Tao Yuanming was born in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, with social unrest and political darkness. However, he himself is "qualitative and natural" ("Return to the preface") and "don't admire Li Rong" ("Biography of Mr. Wu Liu") because of his words. The poet quoted Tao's poems here, indicating that he was not called to Lin 'an for personal gain, and he didn't want to stay there for a long time to show his mind.
6. Grasp the key points (including key words to express meaning and key sentences to point out the main idea)
(1) Capture words with strong subjective colors in poetry, such as sadness, joy and guest.
(2) Grasp lyric sentences and point out emotional sentences.
For example, "How can I bow and scrape to those dignitaries whose sincere faces will never be seen?" .
"We are both unhappy-going to the ends of the earth" in Pipa Xing is hatred for the end of the world.
(3) Grasping the first sentence and the last sentence often explains the writing reason or lays the emotional tone, and the last sentence often points out the main idea directly.