With a roar, a tiger rushed out of the Woods.
The so-called word order inversion means that a sentence has a normal word order to follow, but for some reason, a certain component of the sentence is deliberately placed in an abnormal position, showing a different word order. There are more sentences with reversed word order in English than in Chinese, and their functions are as follows: 1 Strengthen language power, 2. Connect the front with the bottom, and 3. Rhythm Generally speaking, deliberately reversing the word order can express feelings, be well organized and make people feel beautiful. This is a rhetorical device.
H. Fowler summed up nine reasons for the reversal, namely: 1. Trial; 2. orders; 3。 Sigh; 4. Hypothesis; 5. Balance; 6. Coherence; 7. Sign pole; 8. negative; 9. rhythm. To sum up, there are two points: first, it is due to the requirements of some grammatical structure. Second, for the needs of rhetoric and arrangement. Only the contents mentioned in the previous paragraph are explained below.
1. Strengthen language potential
(1) Strengthen the theme
It was John who broke the vase. John broke the vase. )
It was John who broke the vase.
Freedom is the most valuable. Freedom is the most valuable. )
I'll leave that matter to you to decide.
I'll let you decide.
1. He chose; He ignored the rest.
He chose one; He ignored the others.
You. I know I can count on it.
I know you can be trusted.
In English, when the object is moved forward by strengthening the object, it is limited to sentences with possible conditions, that is, the subject is a case pronoun, or the object is a case pronoun, or the object is symmetrical.
English nouns have lost the morphological changes of the nominative accusative case, so when the subject and object are nouns, it is not appropriate to deliberately reverse the word order and move the object forward to avoid confusion between subject and object and misunderstanding. The object must be careful in advance. If the objects in a sentence are easily misunderstood in advance, then the objects must be separated by commas and paused when reading. In order to emphasize the object, Chinese often puts the object before the sentence. Therefore, when English is translated into Chinese, the word order can generally remain unchanged. English direct speech often moves forward in order to strengthen the object.
When the object is modified by the following restrictive words that emphasize meaning, it is mostly inverted at the beginning of the sentence. These qualifiers are very common: negative words nothing, nobody, no one and some indefinite pronouns such as, many a, many, etc.
The poor little boy answered nothing.
The poor child doesn't want to answer any questions.
He has many things to do.
He has many things to do.
(4) Strengthening adverbials
There are five ways to strengthen adverbials:
A. indicate the direction
The ladder jumps from one mountain peak to another.
Thunder rumbled on the mountain.
The river flows downstream through the canyon.
The river flows through the canyon.
The ebb tide returned to its depths.
The ebb tide is receding into the sea.
The arrow flew into the sky.
With a whoosh, the arrow shot into the sky.
A jet plane galloped in the air.
A jet plane flew through the air with a whoosh.
With the roar, a tiger rushed out of the silence.
With a roar, a tiger rushed out of the Woods!
They left in a hurry. .
They hurried away.
He rushed out to see what had happened.
He rushed out to see what had happened.
This kind of English sentence moves the adverbial at the beginning of the sentence to make it stand out, and then moves the subject after the verb. But if the subject is a personal pronoun, the position of the subject and predicate remains the same, and only adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence.
Chinese does not use word order inversion to strengthen adverbials. Adverbs such as "Zhi" and "Zhi" can be added to Chinese reinforcing adverbials; Or overlapping adverbs to strengthen the tone; Or add phrases like "sou" and "sou" to make the sentence lively.
B. Representation or method
She had a hard time finding her way home.
She finally got home.
He got bread by working with his own hands.
He earns a living by working with his own hands. .
By observing the texture, skilled eyes can distinguish different kinds of wood.
Skilled eyes (referring to workers) can identify wood by looking at the texture.
This kind of sentence moves the adverbial to the beginning of the sentence to show reinforcement, and can also add auxiliary verbs. The original auxiliary verb can be moved before the subject or not, depending on the structure and tone of the sentence. Chinese still uses auxiliary words (Huan, Cai, Dan and bian) to strengthen the tone, and the word order remains unchanged.
C. expressing negation
The night has never been so quiet.
The night has never been so quiet.
Only then did he realize his mistake.
Only then did he know his mistake.
We didn't expect that we would never see him again.
We never thought that we would never see him again.
I didn't lay a finger on him.
I never accused him.
We should never follow blindly.
We must never follow blindly.
He has never had such an experience.
He has never experienced such a thing.
In English, whenever a negative adverb is emphasized or a phrase is mentioned at the beginning of a sentence, a connecting verb, an auxiliary verb or a part of a verb must be moved before the subject, or an auxiliary verb must be added before the subject to indicate that the word order is reversed. Chinese is still in normal word order. Only add auxiliary words to strengthen the tone, such as obedience, precision, talent, courage, rigidity, right away, right away, and leaf.
The commonly used negative words in English are: never, not, little, less, hardly, less, where, futility, fear, at any time, under any circumstances, etc.
D. expression conditions
Only by working hard can we achieve our goal.
Only by working hard can we achieve our goal.
Only after the investigation can we have the right.
Go ahead.
Only through investigation can we gain the right to speak.
Only when you do your best can you succeed in the end.
Only by doing your best can you succeed in the end.
This sentence pattern has recently become very common in Chinese. Although the sentence patterns of English and Chinese reinforcing conditions are similar, there are still differences, that is, the word order in English is reversed, except for adverbials, verbs or auxiliary verbs are moved before the subject at the same time. In Chinese, the adverbial is only moved to the beginning of the sentence, and the auxiliary word "Cai" is used. The position of the subject and verb remains the same, according to the normal Chinese word order.
E adverbials indicating frequency, such as frequently, always, once, every day, the next day, every week, many times, now and again, are placed at the beginning of the sentence, which also causes the word order to be reversed.
We go for a walk together every day.
We go for a walk together every day.
He gave me good advice many times.
He gave me pertinent advice many times.
I often intend to talk about it.
I want to talk about this problem many times.
When translating such sentences into Chinese, the word order can be changed or not, depending on the context.
F. Others
Bang, another gunshot.
Bang, another bullet flew in.
Note: newspaper articles should be concise and vivid, which can attract readers. Often the subject adds more attributes, which makes the sentence appear cumbersome. Therefore, verbs are often put in front and subjects are put behind. For example:
The new owner, Mrs. Sheena Simmons, 3 1 year-old, said that she was the wife of a retiree.
Tired auctioneer from Bourne ...
Similarly:
He said, "What do you want?"
If the subject of a Chinese verb has "this" or "that", it usually comes before the verb, but not in English.
I have seen this film.
I have seen this film.
Chinese negative sentences often put the object before the verb, which is not a habit in English.
He did not say a word.
He didn't say anything.
Or: he didn't say anything ..
English object clauses can also be placed at the beginning of a sentence to show emphasis. For example:
He will never forget what he once heard.
What he heard will never be forgotten.
When you emphasize the location, you can also advance the adverbial:
You can see the sparkling lake in the distance, surrounded by pine forests.
You can see a rippling lake in the distance, surrounded by pine trees.
A participle can also refer to the beginning of a sentence:
The days when we were young are gone forever.
Youth is gone forever.
2. This is a link.
(1) Simple sentence.
This is the end of the story.
The story ends like this.
So this proverb came into being.
This is the reason why this proverb came into being.
Now, here comes the interesting part of the story.
Now comes the interesting part of the story.
I have never seen such a performance.
I have never seen such a performance (exhibition).
He didn't tell me.
Then he didn't tell me.
(2) Complex sentences
They all work hard; Me too.
They all work hard, so do I.
As the tree, so the fruit.
As trees are, so are fruits. (What you plant, what you reap)
I didn't take this book, and I have never seen it.
I haven't taken this book, nor have I read it.
In a coherent sentence, in order to make it easy for listeners or readers to understand, the context must be closely connected. In a well-organized article, conjunctions are usually not used to connect. On the contrary, the more conjunctions are used, the looser the article is. A good article is to use the word order change in a sentence to connect the front and back, so that people can understand the author's thoughts according to his intention. This rhetorical device uses fewer conjunctions, which is consistent in Chinese and English. But Chinese is not necessarily expressed by deliberately reversing the word order.
3. It belongs to phonological relationship (more common in poetry)
This land belongs to the landlord.
The biggest obstacle is the sea.
The usurer's till is full of minerals.
But what do I have left?
I often hear about Lucy Gray.
When I crossed the wilderness.
I happened to see it at dawn
Lonely child.
(Wordsworth: Lyric Ballad)
The land belongs to the landlord,
The ocean belongs to businessmen,
The usurer's vault is full of gold and silver,
What else is mine?
Oh! I often hear Lucy Gray,
Once across the wilderness,
In the morning light
I happened to meet this lonely child.
(Wordsworth's folk poems)
In China's poems, the word order is often reversed for the sake of phonology. For example:
Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep.
But now I remember that night, that storm, and I wonder how many flowers were broken!
(Meng Haoran: "Spring Dawn")
The songbird in the poem is a deliberate inversion of the songbird.
Hunting tianjiao outside Juyan city,
White grass burns wildly.
(Wang Wei: The Embankment)
"Hunting Tianjiao" in the poem is a deliberate inversion of "hunting Tianjiao".