Li Bai (70 1-762), whose real name is Taibai, also known as "purple laity" and "fallen fairy", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "poetic fairy" by later generations, and was also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish himself from two other poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai merged again. He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.
Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's idea of sorting out villages. Li Taibai's poems have been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Liang, First Sending Baidicheng, etc.
There are biographies of Li Bai's Ci and Fu in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Xiang Ji). As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, Li Bai's Ci Fu enjoys a high status.
1. Yellow Crane Tower-Meng Haoran's farewell on his way to Yangzhou
Author Li Bai? the Tang Dynasty
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
Explanation:
The first sentence in the poem "An old friend stays in the Yellow Crane Tower in the west" means that an old friend wants to bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower and travel east. Because the Yellow Crane Tower is in the west of Guangling, the place where western poetry goes must be in the East. Then the second sentence, "Fireworks go down to Yangzhou in March", is Guangling, and it goes down to Yangzhou by boat from the Yangtze River. Meng Haoran went to Yangzhou in the spring of March, which was as beautiful as fireworks. Yangzhou has always been famous for its beautiful scenery, especially in spring, with lush flowers and beautiful scenery. So Li Bai used fireworks to describe where Meng Haoran was going, and also revealed how much Meng Haoran envied his trip. The above two sentences are about farewell, not parting.
Lonely sails sail in the blue sky, but the Yangtze River stays in the sky. "The writer saw off his friend and sailed alone in the Yellow Crane Tower. A boat carrying people eastward drifted away on the river and finally disappeared in the blue sky connected with water and sky. All he could see was the author's feelings flowing in the Yangtze River as the line of sight went away until the boat had disappeared in the blue sky. He still stood there staring at the flowing water of the Yangtze River on the horizon, which showed his farewell to his friends. This feeling of separation would not be so profound if it were not between words and bosom friends. The way to write the feelings of parting is just to take the scenery before the place of parting. Hide feelings in the scenery; It does not directly express feelings, but makes the human body more aware of the real taste.
2. Look at Lushan Waterfall
Author Li Bai? the Tang Dynasty
The purple mist is illuminated by sunlight, and the waterfall hangs in front of the mountain.
On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth.
Explanation:
The first sentence is "Purple smoke from the Rizhao incense burner". "Incense burner" refers to the incense burner peak of Lushan Mountain. This peak is in the northwest of Lushan Mountain, with a sharp and round shape, like a censer. Because of the waterfall, water vapor transpiration, in the bright sunshine, as if there is an indomitable spirit incense burner, purple smoke rises in Ran Ran. A word "health" vividly describes the scene of smoke rising. This sentence set a magnificent background for the waterfall, and also rendered the atmosphere for the following direct description of the waterfall.
The second sentence is "overlooking a thousand waterfalls in Sichuan". The word "overlooking the waterfall" takes care of the title "overlooking the Lushan waterfall". "Hanging thousands of rivers" means that the waterfall is like a huge white practice, hanging straight from the cliff to the river ahead. The word "hang" changed from dynamic to static, and Visha wrote about the waterfall in the distance.
The first two sentences of the poem outline a panoramic view from the big picture: purple smoke fills the air at the top of the mountain, white practice hangs in the mountain, and rapids rush down the mountain, forming a magnificent picture.
The third sentence "Flying down three thousands of feet" is a detailed description of the waterfall at close range. "Flying Flow" shows that waterfalls come out in the air and spew out. "Straight down" not only describes the steepness of the rock wall, but also describes the rapidity of the water flow. "Three thousands of feet" is an exaggeration, describing towering mountains.
In this way, the poet felt that the majestic momentum of the waterfall had not been fully displayed, so he went on to write a sentence, "It is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days." It is said that this waterfall "flew down", which makes people suspect that the Milky Way poured down from nine days. A "doubt" is ethereal and lively. If it is true, it makes people daydream, which adds to the magical color of the waterfall.
3.
Jiang Jin Jiu Military Department Construction
Author Li Bai? the Tang Dynasty
Have you ever noticed how the water of the Yellow River flows out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return?
Have you noticed that the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is silky black in the morning, has turned into snow at night.
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .
Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.
Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me.
What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up.
Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized.
Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners
Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! .
Five flower horses, Hsi Chin, give them to the boy in exchange for good wine. Whatever you want, sell eternal sorrow.
Explanation:
At the beginning of the poem are two parallel long sentences, such as rushing to the reader with the wind and rain. "Didn't you see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return?" Angelababy is not far from the Yellow River, so it's interesting to climb the mountain. The Yellow River has a long history and a great gap, such as falling from the sky, spilling thousands of miles and entering the sea eastward. Such a magnificent sight is absolutely invisible to the naked eye. The author's fiction, "from the Tao", is exaggerated. The last sentence says that the coming of the big river is unstoppable; The next sentence says that the river is gone and irreversible. One rises and one disappears, forming a breath, which is not available in short sentences (such as "The Yellow River falls into the sky and returns to the East China Sea"). Then, "you didn't see the lovely hair in the bright mirror of the high room, although it was silky black in the morning and turned into snow at night" is like a turbulent wave. If the first two sentences exaggerate the space category, they exaggerate the time category. Sigh that life is too short, not to hurt the boss bluntly, but to say "how cute the mirror lock on the shelf is", a gesture of grasping the head and watching the film and calling for help, just like painting. Describing the whole process of life from youth to aging as "morning" and "evening", shortening the short-lived things and making the strong waves stronger than the previous two sentences, is a kind of reverse exaggeration. Therefore, the first set of parallel long sentences is metaphorical-the river is gone forever, indicating that life is perishable, and it also has a comparative effect-while the great eternity of the Yellow River shows the smallness and fragility of life. This beginning can be said to be extremely sad, but it is not delicate. It can be said that it is a giant sadness with thrilling artistic power, and it is also caused by the sense of momentum at the beginning of long sentences. This opening technique is commonly used by the author, such as "I had to throw Bolt and me away from yesterday;": Today it hurts my heart even more "("A farewell letter to Xie Tiao Tower in Xuancheng "), Shen Deqian said:" This body is too white and self-centered ",which shows that it is quite original. This poem is a call for "not seeing you" (generally Yuefu poems are only used occasionally at the beginning or end of the article), which greatly enhances the emotional color of the poem. Poetry has the so-called big opening and closing, which can be described as big opening and closing.
"The husband of heaven and earth, the inverse of everything; Time flies, one hundred generations fly "(Preface to the Spring Banquet in Taoliyuan). Although sadness is inevitable, pessimism is not close to Li Bai's nature. In his view, as long as "life is proud", there is no regret and you should indulge in joy. Five or six sentences are reversed, from "sadness" to "joy". From then on, until "the cup never stops", poetry gradually became wild. "When you reach your destiny, you don't worry when you are free. You can climb the stairs with wine" ("Song of Liangyuan"), and you can't eat, drink and be merry without wine. This is the topic. But what is in the cup is not written directly in the sentence, but expressed in the image language of "golden urn" and "moon", which is not particularly vivid and makes drinking poetic; If you don't write directly, you will drink and party. Don't write directly, but use the double negative expressions of "don't make" and "empty", which is more focused. "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes" seems to advocate the idea of "eat, drink and be merry", but it is only a phenomenon. Has the poet ever been "proud"? "The phoenix blooms purple mud at the beginning, and the emperor calls it a royal banquet" ("Yu Hu Yin")-it seems to be proud; However, this is just an illusion, "I want to go home, there is no fish to eat, and I don't think about courtesy for weeks"-this seems to be not pride, but disappointment and indignation. But not depressed. Therefore, the poet affirmed his life and himself in an optimistic and competitive tone: "Since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" This is a word that makes people applaud. "Useful" and "must" are confident, just like a person's value declaration, and this person-"I"-must be capitalized. Here, from the seemingly negative phenomenon, there is a hidden positive essential content that is eager to join the WTO. What should be sung loudly for such a future is "I will ride the wind and waves one day", and what is the price-"Spin a thousand pieces of silver and come back! ! "This is another amazing word of high self-confidence, which can drive money instead of being made by money, which really surprises all ordinary people. Poetry is like a man, thinking that the poet "traveled in less than a year and scattered more than 300,000 yuan" ("Pei Chang Shang An Shi") is how heroic. Therefore, the lofty sentiments deeply embedded in the bones are by no means posturing. The author uses this style to describe a grand banquet, which is by no means "do you want one dish or two dishes?" "Do you want a pot of wine, two pots?" But "cooking sheep and slaughtering cattle" from beginning to end, and never stop until you drink "300 cups". What a feast, what a magnificent poem! At this time, wild feelings tend to climax and the melody of poetry accelerates. The poet's drunkenness, dazzled and fanatical, jumped to the page and suddenly made people feel as if they heard him loudly exhort wine: "Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, drink, don't stop drinking!" The sudden addition of several short sentences not only changed the rhythm of poetry, but also forced Xiao to speak loudly. He is not only a bosom friend, but also a drinking opponent. Not only "get carried away", the poet even forgot that he was writing a poem, and the poem he wrote seemed to restore life. He also thought, "Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me. " The following eight sentences are songs in the poem. The idea is so strange that it is a stroke of genius.
"Zhong Gu Yu" means a rich life (when the rich people eat, the bells ring and the food is as beautiful as jade), but the poet thinks it is not expensive enough and declares that "I hope I will never wake up after being drunk". At this point, poetry has obviously changed from wild to angry. There are not only drunken ravings, but also drunken confessions. Taking "I" as a naturally useful talent should have been in the position of prime minister, but "the road is as wide as the sky, and there is no way out" ("Difficult to Walk"). To say that wealth is "not expensive enough" is out of indignation. The following words "It has existed since ancient times, and sages get carried away" are also angry words. The poet once lamented that "Ge alone can't control it", so the ancients were "lonely" and showed their own "loneliness". So I want to stay drunk. Here, the poet poured his own wine from an ancient wine glass. When it comes to "only drinkers leave their names", he is represented by "Wang Chen" Cao Zhi. And with his "famous name", he said, "Go back to the banquet to have fun, and the wine fights ten thousand people." In ancient times, drunkards had a vivid image, preferring "Wang Chen", which was inseparable from Li Bai's conceit. In his mind, Xie An and other high-level figures set an example, and among these figures, "Wang Chen" is more associated with wine. This style of writing is consistent with the extremely confident tone mentioned above. Furthermore, Cao Zhi, the "Wang Chen", was highly suspected at the time of Pirui, and his ambition was difficult to show, which also aroused the sympathy of the poet. Mention "ancient sages" and "Wang Chen" Cao Zhi, full of grievances. At first, this poem seems to involve only the feelings of life, but has no political color. In fact, the whole article is full of a deep and profound anxiety and self-belief. Poetry is so sad but not hurt, so sad and strong, which is rooted in this.
Just showing a little affection, I went back to talking about wine and looked in a higher mood. The following poems are wild again, becoming more and more crazy. "Master, why do you say your money is missing?" Taking care of the phrase "1000 yuan has been spent", and pretending to be ups and downs, it leads to the last brave words: even if you spend 1000 yuan, you should not hesitate to take out precious treasures-"five-flowered horse" (a good horse with five patterns on its fur) and "golden autumn" for wine, so as to get drunk. The beauty of this ending lies not only in "Tiger" and "Jade", but also in a big tune; Moreover, it has an arbitrary mood that the author may not be aware of at the moment. You know, poets are just guests invited to drink by friends. At the moment, he is sitting in a high seat, bossing around, suggesting that he should be a horse, which makes people wonder who is the "master". Romantic color is extremely strong. Speak quickly, unless you are bold and considerate, you can't do this. Poetry is so wild at this point that it makes people cry. When you sing, you should "dance". Love is not over, poetry is over. Suddenly, another sentence "I will always sell my sadness" is related to the beginning "sadness", and the meaning of "forever sadness" is more profound. At the end of this "white clouds floating from the air and disappearing with the wind", it is obvious that the poet is surging and ups and downs. Throughout the whole article, it is really ups and downs, and it must be like a giant pen.
4.
A gift for Wang Lun.
Author Li Bai? the Tang Dynasty
Li Bai was just about to leave when he heard a farewell song from the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love.
Explanation:
The first half of the poem is narrative: first write about the people who are leaving, and then write about the people who are seeing them off, showing a picture of parting. The first sentence "by boat" means by water. "Will want to go" means that the canoe is ready to go. This sentence makes the reader seem to be saying goodbye to the people on a ship that is about to leave the shore.
"Suddenly I heard the song on the shore", and then I wrote goodbye. The second sentence is not as direct as the first sentence, but with a curved pen, just saying that I heard the song. A group of villagers walked and sang to the beat to see me off. This seems to be beyond Li Bai's expectation, so he said "suddenly smell" instead of "far smell". Although this poem is more subtle, I only hear its voice, but people who have not seen it are already coming out. Wang Lun's arrival was really unexpected. Smell it before people arrive. This farewell shows that Li Bai and Wang Lun are both informal, happy and free people.
The second half of this poem is lyrical. The third sentence is connected from a distance, which further shows that the ship is placed in Taohuatan. "Deep thousands of feet" not only describes the characteristics of the pool, but also indicates the conclusion. The Peach Blossom Pond is so deep that it touches people's hearts and unforgettable Wang Lun's deep affection. The water depth is naturally connected with affection. At the end of the sentence, "not as good as Wang Lun's" broke out. By comparing things, it vividly expressed sincere and pure affection. The pool is "deep in thousands of feet", and the friendship between Wang Lun and Li Bai is bound to be deeper. This sentence is intriguing. The beauty here lies in the word "less than", and the beauty lies in replacing metaphor with concrete means, turning intangible friendship into vivid image, ethereal and memorable, natural and true. The poet was very moved, so he praised Wang Lun's admiration and love for the poet with two lines of "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, and Wang Lun loves me less", and also expressed Li Bai's deep affection for Wang Lun.
I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiao kiln to deliver this.
Author Li Bai? the Tang Dynasty
After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams.
I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
Explanation:
From the beginning, it chose two things with local characteristics, depicting the scene of late spring in the south, which set off a sad atmosphere. Yang Shuhua is catkin. Zigui is another name for cuckoo. According to legend, this kind of bird is transformed from the soul of Du Yu, the king of Shu, and its song is extremely sad and moving. Long Biao refers to Wang Changling here, and it has been a common practice among scholars since the Tang Dynasty to call him by his official name. Wuxi is Chenxi, Youxi, Wuxi, Wuxi and Yuanxi at the junction of Hunan and Guizhou. In the Tang dynasty, this area was also regarded as a remote and barren land, and it was also the place where Wang Changling was to be relegated. After reading these two poems, we can easily imagine that the poet who traveled abroad was in the late spring of March in the south, with catkins falling in front of him and cuckoos singing in his ears. This situation is sad enough, not to mention the unfortunate news that a friend has left his hometown. The first two sentences seem dull, but they actually contain rich contents, and their functions are various: they not only write about the season, but also write about the atmosphere, which not only points out the topic, but also proves the lyricism of the last two sentences.
The sentence "I am worried about the bright moon in my heart, and I will follow you to Yelangxi" closely follows the above and focuses on expressing the poet's feelings here and now. The word "Jun" is called "Feng". The so-called "Yelang" here does not refer to Yelang Kingdom in the Han Dynasty, but Yelang County in the Sui Dynasty, which is located in Chenxi, Hunan Province today (see the Jade Emperor Ji Sheng, Volume 71). Longbiao is just to the west of Chenxi, so there is a saying that it is "until Yelangxi". The word "sad" in the sentence is also rich in content and worth pondering. Why are poets full of melancholy? It can be said that there is deep concern for the old friend, indignation at the reality at that time, sincere thoughts and sincere care. Before Wang Changling was demoted, he was Jiangning Cheng, and from Jiangning to Jiangzhong, he was Long Biao (see Fu Xuancong's poem in Tang Dynasty). Poets in Yangzhou can't say goodbye to their old friends face to face, so they have to entrust a deep affection to the bright moon and worry about missing them in the distance.