1, the influence of the book of songs. There are four poems about willows in The Book of Songs, among which the most influential one is Picking Wei, which says, "I have been to Liu Yiyi. Now that I think about it, "Rain and snow are falling" left a deep trace in the poems of the Six Dynasties: "I don't know the floating clouds, but I miss Liu Yiyi" (Xiao Zixian's "Sweet-scented osmanthus trees are bright, catkins fly" (Liu Xiaozhuo's "School Secretary loves snow"); "Miscellaneous osmanthus is still like the moon, and the willow is more suspicious of the stars" (Uncle Bao's Poems on the Lights of Eta Ursae Majoris Temple); "The longing for love is mighty, and the spring trees and willows climb. * * * This love is helpless to say goodbye every year "(Jiang Zong's" Folding Willow "); "Peach blossoms bloom before they fly, and willows are in harmony" (Song of the Four Seasons in the East Palace by Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di). Few ancient poets did not read the Book of Songs. When they read it, the willow image in The Book of Songs will enter the poet's mind imperceptibly and settle down. When poets create, they will play a role.
2. The influence of the folk custom of "folding willows to bid farewell". With the social turmoil in the Six Dynasties, the separation of life became a common social phenomenon. Because of the "however, I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn" between willow and people, people are happy to regard willow as the emotional sustenance and load. When relatives and friends leave, they break a twig and say nothing, expressing the sender's reluctance to leave. Everyone should live and develop like a willow and enjoy it. I hope I can keep my old friend's lingering affection in my heart forever and come back soon. "Light laurel leaves fall, wicker is long. I suspect it's a long way, but I can't forget it with my watch "(Gu's Fang Shu). "Willows fly away, pedestrians don't return" (Sui Zaqu Ci "Farewell Poem" never forgets even if it is far away. There was the first poem "Folding Willow" in the Han Dynasty, which specifically reflected the farewell of Liu. During the Six Dynasties, there were more than 30 songs, including 13 songs, which developed from Yuefu lyrics to literati's special creation. In the Six Dynasties, Liu Miao, Xiao Gang, Xiao Yi and others wrote "Folding Willow", so a large number of poems reflecting the departure of willow trees were produced in the Six Dynasties. But it should be noted that there was a custom of plum parting at that time. He Che's poem "Give a Flute to Breathe and Clear the Breath" is intertextual, which means that the willows at the edge of the city are folded to bid farewell, and only the plums outside the ridge can grow comfortably. In Lu Kai's poem "To Ye Fan", "Jiangnan has nothing. Second, the willow branches are weak, long and drooping, and easy to climb.
3. Liu and Liu, Si and Si, Xu and Xu are homophonic. China people are good at expressing their feelings, and the homonym of Liu and his related objects can easily become the medium to express their feelings, which is a phenomenon that exists in a large number of poems in the Six Dynasties. The sudden entry of plum blossoms into clothes (Poems on the Western Expedition by Lu Sidao) (Poems on Lun by Emperor Liang Yuan and Huang Chunri) can all mean homophonic puns. What's more, "Liu" also means party. "Zhou Li Tiangong" and "Six Valleys" Note: "Six sets of colors." The notes of "Liu Che" in Shi Shiming Funeral System are "Liu and Juye".
Willow is a common thing in the living environment of poets in the Six Dynasties, and it is easy to be included in poetry. Willow has a strong vitality and can be inserted everywhere. As the saying goes, "intentional planting of flowers, unintentional planting of willows." In addition, the ancients liked to plant willows long ago. There is a saying in the pre-Qin Poetry that "the willow is only for the willow". Here, planting willows is very cultural. Whether it's "the peach trees are all burned, and the willow trees are all illuminated" (Return to Yuefu by Wen Di Xiao Gang), "The willow always blows the shore, and the flowers are all withered" (Liang's poem "Go to Jingzhou to park the Sanjiangkou"), and "The weeping willows are covered with golden dikes, and the leaves are green again" (Emperor Yang Guang), the images they use can only be what they see and are familiar with, which have caused their emotional fluctuations. These images often become people's aesthetic objects. Chernyshevski said: "An image shows or reminds us of life, just as we know life, we think they are beautiful" (4).
5. Willow has a unique performance. The reason why a weeping willow looks "sad" is not because it looks like a sad person, but because the shape, direction and softness of weeping willow branches themselves convey a passive drooping performance. Wicker is soft and long, symbolizing affection; Dancing catkins are in tune with the parting of wandering wanderers; The drooping of willow branches is isomorphic to the depression and depression when people leave with emotions. The unique expression of willow makes it unique in aesthetics. When a poet expresses his parting, he naturally feels that "gossip has love" (Du Fu's Bai Sixing).
Willow is something in spring. With the passage of time, its ups and downs can easily give people a sense of vicissitudes. In this way, the willow tree not only has the symbolic significance of parting lovesickness and homesickness, but also has the symbolic significance of time.
Liu's image, whether as an individual life image or a quasi-life image, can be used as a symbol of time flow, so there is a situation that "people can't see the poet's intention and can't grasp what feelings the poet wants to express with it" (8). In order to determine the role of willow in poetry, poets in the Six Dynasties often solved it through the combination of images, that is, the juxtaposition of intentions, because "the symbol of art is the symbol of simultaneity", which presents a series of complete images at one time, which is a juxtaposition structure. Only when every image is in this juxtaposition structure can its meaning be determined and the overall meaning of the poem be displayed. Levies juxtaposition always points to the identity of meaning. For example, in Uncle Bao's poem "A Lantern in the Banquet Hall", "Sweet-scented osmanthus is still like the moon, and willow is more suspicious of the stars" and Yu Chu's.