2. Who hasn't died since ancient times?
Wen Tianxiang's Crossing the Zero Ocean
After a head-on fight, there are very few stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history. Selected patriotic poems of Wen Tianxiang
Jinlingyi
The grass leaves the palace and turns to the morning glow. What makes a lonely cloud?
The mountains and rivers are the same, but the people in the city are different.
Reed flowers grow old with me everywhere. Who will fly next to the swallows in my hometown?
From now on, I will leave Jiangnan Road and become a cuckoo with blood.
Note: ① Enclosed. (2) from the palace, the palace built by Song Gaozong. 3 old, late, late. (4) roads and areas.
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This poem Jinling Tie was written in the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1279). Wen Tianxiang was defeated in the anti-Yuan War and was taken from Guangzhou to the Yuan Dynasty when passing through Jinling, which showed the author's deep patriotic feelings.
The first joint writing about scenery is not limited to writing about scenery, but giving examples on the spot to express feelings. The poet chose the grass, detached palace, sunset glow and lonely clouds in front of him, painted a bleak picture, expounded his tragic situation, and alternately used metonymy, metaphor and symbol, suggesting that the surrender of the Southern Song Dynasty led to his decline and failure in resisting Yuan Dynasty. This links the fate of the country with the fate of the individual, showing deep patriotism.
Zhuan Xu did not directly answer the question in the previous sentence, but opened the curtain of history, reflected on the past and the present, compared the past and the present, and wrote his strong hatred for losing his country and home. When the poet said "the mountains and rivers are the same", in fact, the mountains and rivers are different. This is a kind of irony, which can be seen from the sentence "The whole city is half wrong". These two sentences describe the situation that the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty was trampled by Yuan soldiers and the lives of the people were ruined.
Necklace couplets write "Lu Hua and my old age", and then express their vicissitudes of national affairs. By comparing the two images, Lu Hua and My Old Age and Swallows Flying on the Ground, I expressed my very painful thoughts, both feeling for wealth and sadness for separation.
William used legends to express the poet's desire to turn hostilities into friendship, indicating that although he was forced to leave his hometown, his love and attachment to his hometown never died, which can be described as grief and persistence. Just like his famous sentence "My heart is a magnet, I don't mean that the South will never stop cursing", which fully embodies his national integrity and loyal patriotism and inspires countless patriots in later generations.
The outstanding feature of this poem is that it uses many classics, but it is exquisite, cutting the scenery, cutting the scenery and cutting the meaning. The whole poem is desolate and solemn, upright, bitter but not decadent, sad but not depressed, sad and painful, but it can make people understand the lessons of history and sharpen their tenacious will to struggle.
Guo yang
Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
To annotate ...
① Lingdingyang: In the Pearl River Estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December of the first year of Zhao Minxiang's reign at the end of the Song Dynasty (1278) and imprisoned in the Lingdingyang warship. In the first month of the following year, Yuan Marshal Zhang Hongfan attacked Cliff Mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to hand over Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief who stuck to Cliff Mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem. ② "hard work" sentence: trace back his early life experience and all kinds of hard work since he became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; It used to refer to an official who passed the imperial examination because he was proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang was the first scholar in Song Lizong Baodu for four years (1256). 3 fight and be thin: being thin is barren and thin. Here, song and yuan war is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died in this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the annual star, which circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounding the stars, that is, in 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old notes, "the surrounding stars" were mostly used as the four years since Wen Tianxiang 1275 applied for the diligent king. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience. (4) The phrase "a leopard cannot change his spots" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irreversible. ⑤ Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach. ⑥ "Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and one's own courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. ⑦ History: History. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to take notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called a history book.
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This poem was written after Wen Tianxiang was captured. The poet recalled a sentence or two of his life, but limited by space, in his writing, he cited two things: becoming an official and losing the battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "war and death", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more out of the question. However, in the face of this great change, the poet did not think of his personal way out and future, but deeply regretted that he failed to win a military victory in air navigation two years ago, thus turning the situation around. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. Between the lines, it is not difficult to feel the great pain of the author's country's ruin and death, as well as the bleak mood of self-blame and self-sigh. The last two sentences are a poet's choice of his own destiny without hesitation. This adds a tragic and passionate strength and self-confidence to the previous feelings and grievances, showing a unique lofty beauty. This is not only the embodiment of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation, far beyond the scope of language and writing.
Song Zhengqi
Heaven and earth are upright, in many ways; Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star.
People call it awe, which is overwhelming. Huang Lu should be Qingyi, including Tuming Pavilion;
When you are poor, you can see it, one by one. In the bamboo slips of Qi Taishi, in the Hu Bi in the east of Jin Dynasty,
Chasing in Zhang Liang, Qin, and on Emperor Wudi's Day. For the head of general Yan, for the blood of Ji Shi,
Raise your teeth for Zhang Xun and spit your tongue for Yan Changshan. Or for Liaodong's hat, Qing. Li Bingxue;
Or for the sake of "model", ghosts and gods cry tragically; Or crossing the river and generously swallowing Hu Jie;
Or hit a thief, head broken on the vertical head, always majestic and fierce;
Will it die safely when it passes through the sun and the moon? Di Wei depends on it, Tianzhu depends on it;
Three cardinal principles are life and morality is the root. To Li Yangjiu, the official tone is also ineffective;
Chu prisoners carry crowns, and carts send them to the poor north. It's hard to get what you want.
There is a jack-o'-lantern in the dark room, and it is dark in the spring yard; Cattle and horses share a bar of soap, and chickens live in phoenix.
Once the fog is exposed, it will be barren in the ditch. If it is cold and hot again, it will be easy to get rid of it.
Hey, I live in a foreign country and am happy for my country! Is he clever? Yin He won't be a thief.
Take care of this and look up at the clouds; My heart is sad and the sky is extremely high!
Philosophers are far away, typically in the past; Reading on the eaves of the wind, painting on the ancient road.
translate
Righteousness exists between heaven and earth, giving the body all kinds of things. Rivers and mountains on the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars in the sky.
People are upright and noble, and the world is beautiful. When you are born, you will be peaceful and effective in the court.
When the country is in trouble, it will be remembered as the class name. Qi Taishi is not afraid of death, and Cui Yaojun carries historical records;
Hu Shan's history in the eastern part of Jin Dynasty holds the pen of "calligraphy is not hidden"; Han Zhang was humiliated and killed;
In the 19th year of Hu's reign, Su Wu held the Han Festival all day. Ba county satrap old Yan Yan, willing to behead;
Ji Shao, a middle-level official in the Jin Dynasty, drank blood to save the country; Zhang Xun was watching the sun, gnashing his teeth and fighting thieves;
Yan Gaoqing, the satrap of Changshan, cursed the enemy and broke his tongue three inches; Guan Ning in Liaodong "wears a soap hat" and is clear. Is self-excited;
Zhuge's Introduction returned to the Han Dynasty, and he did his best! Zu Ti vowed to attack when crossing the river, and Wei Fen generously swallowed Hu Jie;
Shi Xiu caught the crazy thief, and his head was broken. The lofty spirit is majestic, and the name of a man with lofty ideals will last forever.
Whenever righteousness permeates the sun and moon, who cares about life and death? The earth stands by righteousness, and the heaven stands by righteousness.
The three cardinal guides and the five permanent members are maintained by this, and morality is based on this. Alas, I was born in troubled times, unable to save myself.
I was caught, wearing a southern hat, and the prison car took me to the north. Torture destroys homes, and torture only drinks syrup.
The cell is dead, the fire is burning, and the spring is closed and dark. The old cow likes the horse's trough, and the phoenix lives in the chicken nest.
Once you get sick, you will die. Abandon the wild bones and grieve. If you are imprisoned in such a bad environment for two years, all kinds of poisons will not hurt.
The cell is gloomy and sad, and it is my happy paradise. Is there wisdom and ingenuity to prevent the harm of evil poison to the body?
Frankly speaking, I regard life and death as clouds. My heart is sad, as if heaven has no edge.
Although Tessa is gone, the example has strengthened my heart. Reading sage books under the eaves is radiant.
Interpretation of historical allusions in poetry;
1, containing Qi Taishi bamboo slips
See Zuo Zhuan? In the twenty-fifth year of "xianggong", during the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Ling of Qi fell ill, and Cui Yao married the former Prince Jiang Guang, known as Qi Zhuanggong in history. Cui Yao married a woman, but Zhuang Gong had an affair with her. Cui was furious and sent someone to surround Zhuang Gong. Zhuang Gong wants reconciliation, but Cui forbid it; Want to commit suicide in the ancestral temple, Cui forbid. Zhuang Gong fled over the wall and was shot in the leg by Cui's men. He fell off the wall and died. When historians of the State of Qi wrote history, they wrote a straight book "Cui Yi Regicide". When Cui found out, he killed Steve in a rage. However, the historian's younger brother continued to write and was killed, while the other brother continued to write. Finally, the powerful minister couldn't kill him and gave up. At that time, a historian prepared bamboo slips, and if the historian was killed again, he would continue to write. This is the indomitable spirit of Qi historians.
2, Jin Dong Hu Bi
See Zuo Zhuan? "Two Years of Gong Xuan", during the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Ling of Jin was still ignorant. As a prime minister, Zhao Dun persuaded him many times, but Gong Ling not only refused to listen, but also sent people to design and assassinate Zhao Dun many times. Zhao Dun was forced to flee. On the way, he met Gong Ling's brother-in-law Zhao Chuan. When Zhao Chuan heard this, he went to Gong Ling to judge. Gong Ling wouldn't listen. He was abusive. Finally, Zhao Chuan ordered the guards to kill Gong Ling. When Zhao Dun heard this, he returned to the State of Jin and made Jin Chenggong, the son of Gong Ling, king. I want to know how historians evaluate this matter, so he asked Dong Hu, the Taishi Duke, and Dong Hu showed Zhao the record of "Killing Jun in Autumn and July". When Zhao asked Dong, Dong Hu replied, "You lived in Xiang, and you fled and never left the country; Isn't it your responsibility not to punish the murderer when you come back? "Dong Hu's spirit of" Straight Books according to Law "was passed down by later generations.
3. In Liangzhu, zhangqin
Sean, the word ovary, was a Korean at the end of the Warring States Period. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, in order to prevent the world from being chaotic again and put away all the weapons in the world, he cast a bronze statue of 12 (every respect of 240,000 Jin) and seized the world by force. No one dared to object. However, Sean did not hesitate to destroy his family to express his difficulties. He hired a lux, cast a 120 kg (equivalent to 60 kg now) Dazhui, attacked Qin Shihuang who was patrolling Bolangsha (now Wu Yang County, Henan Province), accidentally got on the bus and missed Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang was furious and ordered his arrest. Sean was forced into exile. It shows his fearless spirit of challenging power.
4. About Hanseatic Festival
Su Wu was born in Du Chen (now Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province) in the Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu went to Xiongnu and was detained. First he failed to commit suicide, and then he was locked in a cold cellar. Didn't give him food. He had to swallow snow water and wool, and he didn't die for several days. He was frightened and thought that God helped him to send him to Beihai (now Lake Baikal) and let him graze the ram until it died. Su Wu once dug grass seeds hidden by wild rats for food in Beihai, and lived a hard life of 19 years. Later, Han married the Huns, and he was released. When I come back, my hair must be white. He is indomitable in the face of wealth and suffering, and his integrity and spirit will remain in the world forever.
5. Be the head of General Yan.
Yan, a post-Han Chinese, was born in Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing) and was the prefect of Bashu. Fighting with Zhang Fei, captured. In class, Zhang Fei refused to kneel, glaring and gnashing his teeth. "Why didn't you dare to refuse the enemy here?" Yan Yan replied: "You have no reason to seize our counties, but there are beheaded generals and no generals!" Finally, Zhang Fei untied Yan Yan personally because of Yan Yan's awe-inspiring righteousness. (The Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that Yan Yan surrendered, which is not credible. Today, "Better die standing than live kneeling" is the cover of righteousness.
6. For Jishi Middle School.
Shi Zhong refers to Ji Shao in the Western Jin Dynasty, the son of Ji Kang. Emperor Wu of Jin went north to recruit colleagues from Ji Shao, and was defeated by Dangyin (now tangyin county, Henan). All the leaders and guards fled, and Ji Shao was the only one to protect the Lord, and the enemy's arrows rained down. Ji Shao was shot by an arrow and died beside the emperor, with blood spattered on his clothes. Afterwards, the emperor didn't want people to wash away the blood. Ji Shao's loyalty, consistent with changhong, zhaoriyue.
7. Raise your teeth for Zhang Xun
Zhang Zhiyang refers to Zhang Xun, a native of Nanyang, Dengzhou in the Tang Dynasty. During the Anshi Rebellion, Zhang Xun kept Suiyang and the city for a long time, and ran out of food and grass, so he killed the whole family and handed it over to the sergeant. Imagine it's tragic. Every time he fights, Zhang Xun gnashes her teeth and even bites her teeth. After the city was breached, the enemy general Yin was very surprised. When he asked Zhang Xun, Zhang Xun replied, "I want to swallow the thief, but I can't!" " Yin cut Zhang's mouth open with a big knife, leaving only a few teeth. There is another saying: After the city was broken, he cursed An Lushan, his teeth were knocked out and he refused to surrender. He gnashed his teeth and hated the image of a traitor. His spirit of serving the country and the nation is enough to touch the world.
8, for Yan Changshan tongue
Yan Changshan refers to Yan Gaoqing in Tang Dynasty, the cousin of the great calligrapher Yan Zhenqing. YanYuan is An Lushan's men. After the Anshi Rebellion, Yan pretended to surrender because of insufficient troops, guarding Changshan (now Zhengding, Hebei Province), and then recruited troops to capture Jingxing Pass, cutting off the back road of the Anshi Rebellion. Angry, Shi Siming was sent to surround Changshan, and Yan Gaoqing was arrested. Ann asked Yan to betray him. Yan said, "I am an official of the Tang Dynasty, and I have always been loyal. How can I rebel with a shepherd? " Ann was furious and ordered Yan's tongue to be cut off. Yan cursed until he died. Enduring the sharp pain of broken tongue, he still pursues the belief of loyalty.
9, or for Liaodong hat, Qing. Li bingxue
It's about Guan Ning in the late Han Dynasty, with the word You An, after Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Period. He lived a clean life without seeking fame and fortune, and was praised by the world for his integrity. According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Guan Ning and Hua Xin were classmates studying, and an aristocratic motorcade passed by in the street. Huaxin couldn't sit still and ran to watch the fun. Guan Ning thought that Hua Xin was rich and unworthy to make friends with him, so he cut off his seat and broke off diplomatic relations. After the Yellow turban insurrectionary, he lived in seclusion in Liaodong with his friends. The emperor repeatedly called him an official, but he resolutely refused to accept the official position and regarded gold as dirt. After the Liaodong War, he returned to his hometown, built a small building, lived upstairs in a tall white hat all day, and never set foot on the land of Wei. He can stand the temptation of wealth and wealth, stand the test of loneliness, and get the reputation of "empty enough to make the impression of the ancient times, and can be used in the world". 10, or as a model, a crying hero.
It's about Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms. Living in seclusion in troubled times, he was hungry for Liu Bei's talents. He was moved by the sincerity of taking care of his humble abode, went out of Longzhong and devoted himself to helping Liu Bei and Liu Chan, setting a touching example. The hero of Example lies not in his articles, but in his actions. He understood the great sense of disharmony between Chinese thieves and thieves, knew that he could not do it, and devoted himself to it until he died.
1 1, or kick down the ladder and swallow hujie generously.
It's about Zu Ti in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the Western Jin Dynasty, kings fought for power and profit and killed each other. Wuhu took the opportunity to invade, the regime moved eastward and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was established. At this time, there is no time for the northern expedition. Zu Ti recommended himself to the Northern Expedition, was awarded the title of General Wei Fen, and recruited his own army to cross the river for the Northern Expedition. Zu Ti swore in Liu Zhong School that if he could not recover the lost land in the Central Plains, he would flow eastward like a big river and never look back to show his determination. His heroic determination and patriotic ambition made him famous in history.
12, or to hit a thief, the reverse vertical head is broken.
That's about Duan in the Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, Zhu Tao rebelled during the Tang Dezong period. His younger brother Zhu took the opportunity to rebel in the capital, and the emperor was forced to flee. Duan pretended to obey and secretly discussed the murder of Zhu. One day, Zhu called Duan to discuss this matter and talked about "usurpation" (in ancient times, the name or object used in the world was at a disadvantage. The scholar was furious, grabbed the image of the people around him and attacked Zhu, who was hit and bled. Duan was arrested and later killed because his partner didn't come. He ignored his own life and death, regarded rebellion as nothing, and would rather die than do disloyalty and injustice. (Zhu Ben's word "this" needs three points of water.
appendix
Topic Lin' andi
(Song)
When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?
Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent.
[Note] 1. Lin 'an: the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
2. domicile: inn, hotel. 3. Bianzhou: Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province).
[Brief analysis]
This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an.
In AD 1 126, the Jin people captured Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured two emperors, Huizong and Qinzong. The territory of the Central Plains was completely occupied by the Jin people. Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Instead of accepting the painful lesson of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty became angry from embarrassment and tried to strengthen itself. The rulers did not want to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but begged for peace, surrendered to the outside world, and brutally persecuted Yue Fei and other patriots at home. Politically corrupt and incompetent, dignitaries indulge in debauchery and pleasure. This poem is written for this dark reality. It pours out the indignation pent up in the hearts of the broad masses of people, and also expresses the poet's deep concern for the fate of the country and the nation.
The first two sentences of the poem are "When will the West Lake stop singing and dancing?" Seize the characteristics of Lin 'an City: overlapping green hills, rows of terraces, endless lights and songs and dances, and write down a false picture of prosperity and peace in that year. The poet touched the scene and couldn't help but sigh: "When will the West Lake Dance stop?" When will these lewd songs and dances by Xizi Lake, which kill people's fighting spirit against gold, stop?
The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent", are the poet's further expression of his feelings. The word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk. "Tourists" cannot be understood as ordinary tourists. It means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun. The words "smoked" and "drunk" in the poem are used very skillfully, vividly depicting the mental state of those dignitaries who indulge in debauchery and ruin the country and the people. At the end, "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" is a direct rebuke to the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bitter satire contains great anger and endless worries.
This poem is cleverly conceived and phrased: cynicism is written from a lively scene; Extremely indignant, but not abusive. It is indeed a masterpiece in fable poetry. 1. Fear says fear on the beach and sighs in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
From now on, I will become a cuckoo with blood, and I will care about everything. wen tianxiang