There are many kinds of ancient poems, which can be roughly divided into pastoral poems, poems about the past, poems about things, poems about exile, poems about homesickness, frontier poems and so on. Each type corresponds to different emotions. Below I will talk about my feelings and experiences with the theme of "Farewell Poems".
First, pay attention to the topic. The title is also the "eye" of poetry, through which we can often get a glimpse of its proper theme and emotion. The so-called "rather critical" is like this. This is especially true for farewell poems, because the title of farewell poems generally contains the word "send". For example, Li Bai's Farewell to Friends, Wang Wei's Farewell to Two Ambassadors Anxi, Ben Ma River Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition, Farewell to Deputy Governor of Shu, Farewell to Nobles and so on. After judging the theme, we should think about the usual writing routines and emotions of farewell poems accordingly, then the problem of appreciation can be solved.
Secondly, by observing the poems about "farewell", it is found that they all have similar writing routines. This is how to tell the story. At first, poets usually hold a small party to say goodbye before leaving. This activity can be carried out at home, at scenic spots, or at the starting station or place. For example, a poem written by Li Bai to Du Fu-"Send Du into the East Shimen of Lujun County": After a few days of drunkenness, I boarded the pool platform. When will Shimen Road open again? At the beginning, they said that their parting period was approaching, and they traveled and drank together, and their feelings were deep and friendly. Another example is He Xun's Night Farewell to the Temple: a resident turns to a poet and a guest stays on the boat for the time being. Look at this feast and laugh in two places. Farewell dinner is also a way to smile and bid farewell to friends. Wang Wei's "Send Yuan to Twenty Shores Xi": I advise you to drink more wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason. Drink to see friends off.
At the same time, and most importantly, farewell poems depend on the scenery, and simple narration is not enough to achieve the purpose of lyricism. Wang Guowei said that all landscape words are love stories. Indeed, the scenery is changing in the eyes of poets, and it will be different because of the poet's different emotions. Therefore, the poet gave the scenery a strong emotional color on the way to parting. In this sense, scenery description plays an important role in farewell poems, and farewell poems rely on scenery to add points. These scenes can be real, virtual or a combination of reality and reality.
For example, Wei Yan's "Danyang sent Wei to join the army": Danyang sent a boat with a national gift, and two places knew each other in autumn. I'm still standing on the south side of the Yangtze River, looking at Jiangbei. The crows have returned to their nests to see the flowing water. It's about seeing me off and seeing me off. The first two sentences are written to say goodbye, and the time and place are explained. A sad sentence is a pun, the last two sentences are written to miss after parting, and the last three sentences express the abstract sadness of the first sentence, leaving no trace. After writing for a long time at night, the eager look came out, and naturally the last sentence was brought out, which was a scene of expectation. Through the rendering of environmental atmosphere, express the author's long-term affection, the western Western jackdaw is at dusk, and the river is free. All this gives people a feeling of loneliness and emptiness, which contains infinite affection. This little poem is full of witty remarks, the scene blends with reality and nature, the feelings blend into the scenery, and the words are meaningful.
The classic of virtual scene description is Liu Yong's Yulinling. The next movie is empty, and the poet imagines the life after leaving. "Where did you wake up tonight? "There is a faint wind and waning moon on the bank of the willow" is a famous sentence that has been sung for thousands of years. This concise poem, which is condensed by the images of substantive nouns, maximizes the density of poetic images and provides readers with a broad space for association and imagination and chewing aftertaste. After a night of wandering, the poet came to a foreign land. The east is about to spit color, there is a waning moon overhead, and the hazy willows on both sides of the river are swaying in the autumn wind. The poet looked at the waning moon and felt the autumn wind, revealing a sad and thoughtful look. In fact, it is completely false.
As for the combination of reality and fiction, it makes sense to see from which angle we look. Nature, reality and reality have boundaries. For example, the phrase "The grass in the cold pond is wet, and the moon is shining on the Huai River" in He Xun's "Night Farewell" can be the real scenery seen on the way to bid farewell to friends, or the imagined environment of the poet after leaving by boat. From this point of view, it is empty.
Finally, I want to briefly talk about the feelings of farewell poems. Farewell poems often use various techniques to express some kind of friendship and feelings. Its proper real language and deep feelings make people think for a long time. Their emotions can be subdivided into different sections, including differences between husband and wife, differences between friends and differences between relatives. Different situations often have different contents and ideological tendencies. Some are subtle and euphemistic, some are bold and broad-minded, and some are affectionate and shallow, but they all express a deep reluctance. By linking abstract feelings with tangible things, the poet has appeared many famous sayings that are still widely circulated in the general theme of farewell poems. For example, the poet "However, when China holds our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor" makes the picture magnificent and bold with a positive and optimistic mood and a high open mind, expressing the generosity when leaving; "Mochow has no bosom friend in the road ahead, and no one in the world knows the gentleman", and expresses an optimistic expectation for his friend's future by expressing his mind directly. "Peach blossoms flow deeper than thousands of feet, but not as deep as Wang Lunshen", which means deep affection and vividly expresses the sincere friendship between Li Bai and Wang Lun. Although it is time to say goodbye, it is unrestrained, and the artistic conception is ethereal and open, which makes people think.
In short, regarding the appreciation method of farewell poems, I end with a jingle here: farewell poems are not difficult, and grasping four points is the key. Look at the topic and put the word "send" on it, and the general direction will be visible. It's easy to clear my mind on the way to the party. It is very important to grasp emotions, and attachment is in it. Scenery description is the key, and the expression skills should be remembered. These four points are difficult to master, and it is also difficult to send poems.