In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he was demoted to Sima of Jiujiang County. In the autumn of the following year, I went to Songpukou to see Fujian off. At night, I heard a woman on the neighboring ship playing the lute, carefully examining the sound, which was quite Beijing-like. I asked her about her history. She used to be a musician in Chang 'an. She used to learn pipa skills from famous pipa players Mu and Cao. Later, when she was old, she married a businessman.
So I ordered the wine to be set and let her play some music to her heart's content. After the performance, she looked sad and told the happy past when she was young, but now she is wandering and haggard, wandering between rivers and lakes.
I have been a local official for two years, and my mood has always been very peaceful. However, her words touched me, and I felt exiled that night. So I wrote this seven-character song, sang it and gave it to her. A word * * * 6 16, entitled Pipa.
In the evening, I went to Xunyang River to see the guests off, and the maple reeds were rustled by the autumn wind. My guests and I dismounted from the boat to bid farewell and drank useless music. If you don't drink well, it will be even sadder. When we left, there was a Leng Yue in the boundless river. Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa from the river; I forgot to return, and the guests didn't want to leave.
Find the sound source and ask softly who is playing the pipa? Pipa stopped for a long time, but it was still silent. We moved the boat closer, invited her out to meet us, and asked the servants to add more wine to rekindle the banquet. It was a long time before she came out slowly, holding the pipa in her arms and covering her face. She turned the piano shaft tightly, plucked the strings and tried to play a few times, but before playing it into a tune, she had feelings first.
The sad voice of the strings suggests meditation, as if telling her life's unhappiness. She kept her brow down and played slowly and continuously, pouring out endless sadness in her heart. Close it gently, twist it slowly, wipe it, pick it, and play "Colorful Feather" first, then "Liuyao". The voice of the big string is heavy and heavy, like a storm, and the small string is light and quiet, eager and fine, like people whispering.
Noise and tangles play alternately, just like pearls, big and small, falling off the jade plate one by one. For a while, it is like a flowering oriole singing tactfully and smoothly, and for a while, it is like spring water flowing under the ice. It seems that the cold and astringent pipa sound of the ice spring began to condense, and the condensed but unsmooth sound gradually stopped. It seems that another kind of sadness and hatred is secretly breeding. At this time, the sound is more moving than the sound.
Suddenly, the pipa sounded suddenly high, like a silver bottle bursting and water rushing; It's like playing a team of fighters, whistling with swords and guns. At the end of the song, the plectrum crossed from the middle of the strings, and the four strings roared as if tearing the cloth. It turns out that boats and cruise ships in the east and west are very quiet, and only the autumn moon reflected in the middle of the river is white.
She thoughtfully put the pick away and inserted it on the strings; Then tidy up your clothes, get up and stand, and converge your facial expressions (sadness and resentment when you think deeply). She said that she is a famous singer in Beijing, and her hometown is in Ling Ran, southeast of Chang 'an. At the age of thirteen, he learned to play the pipa, and his name was registered in the first part of Jiao Fang Philharmonic Orchestra.
Every time I perform, I marvel at the master of art, and every time I make up Chengdu, I envy my fellow singers. All the rich children in Beijing are vying to give me a reward. Whenever a song is played, I don't know how many colored silks to give. The beat of the silver grate at the bridgehead is often broken and scattered, and the red skirt is stained with wine without regret. Year after year, I spent my time laughing and playing, and the good times of autumn and spring were wasted.
Jiao Fang's brothers joined the army, and the aunt in charge died. I am old and faded in the past. Cars and horses in front of the door reduce diners, and you have to marry a businessman when you are old. The businessman only pays attention to profit, but despises parting. Last month, he went to Fuliang to buy tea and handle the goods. He left, leaving me alone at the mouth of the river. Moonlight around the boat Bai Rushuang, the river is so cold.
I often dream of having fun as a teenager in the middle of the night, and I wake up crying in my dream and stain my face. I shook my head and sighed when I heard the pipa, and it was even more embarrassing to hear her speak. They are also poor people who are reduced to the end of the world. Why do you ask if you have met when you meet today? I have been ill since I left the prosperous capital Chang 'an last year and was demoted to live by Xunyang River.
Xunyang is a desolate and remote place, without music, and you can't hear the orchestra all the year round. Living near Ganjiang River, low-lying and humid, around the yard, try to plant some Huang Wei and bitter bamboo. What can you hear here sooner or later? Full of sad cries of cuckoo apes. The riverside flowers are as beautiful as a moonlit night in Qiu Jiang, so there is no alternative but to drink wine alone.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just hoarse and harsh. Listening to the music you play with the pipa tonight is like listening to the fairy sound in the sky, and my ears suddenly become open. Please don't refuse to sit down and play another song. I want to write a new poem "Pipa" for you. Moved by my words, she stood for a long time, turned and sat down, and then tightened the strings to dial an urgent tone.
It's so sad, it's not as monotonous as when it was first played. People here are hard of hearing and have been crying. Which of you shed the most tears? Jiangzhou Sima's blue shirt has been soaked with tears!
Pipa appreciation
This is a famous masterpiece of realism. The full text takes the characters as clues, not only writing the life experience of the pipa girl, but also writing the poet's feelings, and then meeting in the sentence "We are both unhappy-to the end of the day". The tragic experience of the singer is very specific and can be regarded as a bright line; The poet's feelings permeate between the lines, and with the constant changes of the music played by the pipa girl and her life experience, it can be regarded as a dark line.
This one is bright and dark, one is real and one is empty, which makes the plot ups and downs. The story it tells is tortuous and touching, and the emotion it expresses can arouse people's voices. The language is beautiful but not flashy, refined but not obscure, the content is close to life and has a wide range of sociality, elegance and popularity.
The first part is about seeing Fujian crossing the river and suddenly hearing the sound of pipa, in order to explain it to the pipa girl.
From "I saw the guests off on Xunyang River in the dead of night" to "I still hid half my face behind her guitar so that we couldn't see it", I described my regret that there was no music at the farewell party, invited businessmen to play the pipa, described the timbre of the pipa in detail, and tried to shape the image of the pipa girl.
The first sentence, "I see a guest off at night in Xunyang River", is only seven words, which roughly introduces the people (host and guests), the place (head of Xunyang River), the event (host sees a guest off) and the time (night); Dye the environment with the phrase "Maple leaves and adult rushes rustle in autumn", and the bleak feeling of farewell to Fujian in autumn night has already spread. But it's bleak and lonely, so it starts from "We raise our glasses and hope to drink-but, alas, there is no music".
The word "without orchestral strings" not only echoed the later phrase "without strings or bamboo for a whole year", but also paved the way for the appearance and performance of pipa girls.
Because the foreshadowing of "No strings" and "We are unhappy after drinking all, and we are leaving" is very strong, then "When the river mysteriously widens to the full moon" is used as an environment for baking and dyeing, which constitutes a strong sense of depression, and makes "We heard a sudden sound and a guitar crossed the water" have a strong hollow footstep to prepare for the sudden change below.
From Autumn's Bleak, No Chord and Farewell at Night to Sudden Smell, Sounding for Sound, Quietly Asking, Moving Boat, to Inviting to See, it can be said to be "yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us". But "inviting to meet" is not so easy. It takes a long-awaited process before she will "come out". It's not that she cares about identity
Just like "I" is eager to listen to Yue Xian's pipa, it is "eager to write the hatred of the end of the world", but she is "but we called it a thousand times before she set off for us" because she is full of "the hatred of the end of the world", so it is inconvenient to say it and she doesn't want to see anyone. Because of this, the poet used the voice to cut off the portrait ... Then, she reluctantly answered, still hiding half of her face behind the guitar from us to express her indescribable pain.
The description of this pipa girl's appearance is vivid and touching. She didn't see the pipa before she heard it, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard it, which caused many suspense for the development of the next story.
The second part describes the pipa girl and the pipa music she plays, and reveals the inner world of the pipa girl concretely and vividly.
Pipa girl is "yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us" because of "frustration in life". Through the description of pipa timbre, she shows her superb playing skills. Tap the string (close) with your fingers, knead the string (twist) with your fingers, dial (wipe) conveniently, and dial back (pick) backhand, which is skillful and natural.
Thick strings are heavy and majestic "like showers", thin strings are as thin as whispers, and crisp and round as beads falling on a jade plate, which are also described from the perspective of vision and hearing.
During the performance of "Nishang" and "Liu Yao", there are always six sentences of "thinking on each string, thinking on each tone", which are described by "She frowned, stretched out her fingers, and then began to play" and "She brushed the strings, twisted them slowly, swept them and plucked them", and "She seemed to tell us about her life's pain" and ".
In the following fourteen sentences, when copying music with the help of the phonology of language, various vivid metaphors are used to enhance its vividness. The big string is like rain, which not only uses the overlapping word "noisy" to describe the sound, but also uses "like a downpour" to visualize it. The same is true of "whispering as a secret".
That's not enough. "Humming, whispering-and then mixing together" reproduces the interlaced features of two melodies, such as "like a shower" and "like a whisper". If we use the metaphor of "like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade", the visual image and auditory image will be exposed at the same time, which is dazzling and dazzling. The melody is constantly changing, and there are two artistic conceptions: first "slippery" and then "astringent".
"Off-site" sound is light and smooth, which is like "flower bottom", and the beauty of visual image strengthens the beauty of auditory image. The sound of "choking" is sad and choked, which is like "flowing under the ice" The coldness of visual image intensifies the coldness of auditory image.
From "indifference" to "silence" is a process of "silence". The poet's quatrains of "Going into mourning and hiding deeply, silence is better than sound" describe the artistic realm with lingering sound and endless meaning, which is amazing.
At this point, I thought it was over. Who knows that "sadness and dark hatred" has accumulated infinite power in the process of "the voice gradually subsided" and cannot be suppressed. In the end, just like the "silver bottle bursting", the water slurry burst, and like the "iron horse standing out", the sword roared and suddenly pushed the undercurrent of "Ningjue" to a climax.
It was only at the climax that I received a painting and came to an abrupt end. Although the song is over, the soul-stirring and soul-stirring musical charm has not disappeared. The poet takes the environmental description of "the east boat is quiet, the west is quiet, and we see the white autumn moon entering the heart of the river" as the side lining, leaving readers with a broad space with lingering charm.
The third part writes the story of pipa girl.
From "meditation" to "being awakened from a dream by her hot tears": The poet tells the life story on behalf of the merchant woman, and the experience from the girl to the merchant woman is like the agitation and silence of the pipa.
Just like after the invitation, the details of playing the pipa were omitted; After the song, the inquiry about life experience was also omitted, and two sentences describing the portrait were used to transition to "talking to herself": the expression of "thoughtful" was obviously related to the inquiry, reflecting the contradiction between her inner desire to talk and rest.
A series of actions and expressions such as "letting go", "inserting strings", "tidying clothes", "getting up" and "smoothing her face" show her psychological activities of overcoming contradictions and freeing her mind from her chest. After soliloquy, she wrote a gripping elegy for the pipa girl's half-life experience, which complemented the music "Let her heart share everything with ours bit by bit" and completed the image-building of the heroine.
The image of the heroine is extremely vivid and true, and it is very typical. Through this image, the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society was deeply reflected.
The fourth part is the poet's deep feelings.
From "her first guitar note made me sigh" to "this Jiujiang official" at last. My blue sleeves are wet ",the poet's twenty-six sentences are the fourth paragraph. After the poet demoted Jiujiang, he felt lonely, felt his own life experience and expressed his sympathy for the pipa girl.
Both the poet and the pipa girl have fallen from the prosperous capital to this remote place. The poet's sympathy is full of sighs for his own misfortune, and the pipa sound of "complaining about life and failing to achieve" also shows the poet's grievances. Excited by the fate of the pipa girl, the poet sighed, "We are all unhappy-forever and ever, we meet. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " And expressed the feeling of being in the same boat.
Poetry is lively, step by step, dotted everywhere. Strong feelings, tears of the lost through the ages, also triggered an opportunity of love at first sight for the lost through the ages.
This poem reveals the unreasonable phenomena such as bureaucratic corruption, the decline of people's livelihood and the burying of talents in feudal society by describing the superb playing skills and unfortunate experiences of the pipa girl, expressing the poet's deep sympathy for her and the poet's resentment at her innocent demotion.
This poem is very artistic.
First, he combined the singer and the singer's thoughts and feelings, saying that you are talking about me and I am talking about you. Fates are the same and closely related.
After the lute girls narrated their life experiences, the poet thought that they were "neither of us is happy-forever old"; After the poet told her life story, the pipa girl was "... moved by what I said, and she stood there for a while". After the pipa girl played another song, the poet was even more "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. " Intimate friends are touching everywhere, and there is love everywhere.
Secondly, the technique of writing scenery and music in the poem is superb, closely combined with writing life experiences and expressing sadness, and the atmosphere is consistent, so that the work is immersed in a sad and sad atmosphere from beginning to end.
Thirdly, the language of the work is vivid, strong in generalization and simple and flexible, so the whole poem is well-known and easy to recite.
For example, "However, before she came to us, we called for it a thousand times and urged it a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us"; "Don't feel dark and hate life, and speak more in silence than in voice"; There were fewer and fewer chariots and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears; "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " , and so on are beautiful and moving sentences!