These words are also common: look (cold), listen (green), sigh (cold), forget (Yangyang), suffer (delete admonition), cymbals (the first cymbals) and lean (steaming). Probably these words are pronounced flat in the ancient sound, and later they are pronounced flat or flat in spoken language. When writing a poem, a poet can choose a flat tone or a flat tone according to his needs.
There are also words with the same tone but different meanings, such as thinking, obeying (even today), making, passing (even today) and so on. I won't go into details here.
As for what is "solitude", there are different opinions, and I boil it down to the following two points: 1. The theory of loneliness is only applicable to the rhyming sentences of modern poems (including metrical poems and metrical poems). Including the first sentence (the first sentence rhymes) and two, four, six and eight sentences.
There are mainly two kinds of sentence patterns: "flat and parallel" and "flat and parallel". If it rhymes, the sentence patterns are "flat and even" and "flat and even".
I haven't found any explanation about whether there is loneliness in metrical poems. But I think we should follow this example.
2. A word with a flat pronunciation is "isolated", that is, separated by a single pronunciation, that is, isolated. For example, even, even or even are isolated.
In fact, it is to change the first word of the five-character sentence and the third word of the seven-character sentence from "Ping" to "Xu". As long as there are two parallel words in a sentence (including rhyme), it is not parallel.
For example, although the word "awake" is isolated, the words "city autumn" are connected, that is, they are not isolated. By analogy, "Ping", "Ping" and "Ping" are not isolated.
As can be seen from the last two sentences, when the first word of Wuyan and the third word of Qiyan changed from "ping" to "ping", in order to avoid loneliness, it is necessary to change the third word of Wuyan and the fifth word of Qiyan from "ping" to "ping" and connect the two tones. As for sentences such as "occasionally flat" and "occasionally flat", they are against the law (that is, even the positions of the second, fourth and sixth words are not there), so they are no longer regular sentences, and of course they are also in regular poems.
I wonder if my explanation can help you understand Gu Ping? .
2. Poems about Pingwa couplets, like metrical poems, pay attention to metrical patterns, and Pingwa couplets are part of metrical patterns.
The rhyme of couplets, called couplet or couplet for short, is the law of couplets in three aspects: content, part of speech and rhythm. Broadly speaking, it essentially covers all six elements of couplets, namely, equal number of words, content correlation, part-of-speech equivalence, structural proportionality, rhythm correspondence, balance and harmony, and artistic conception compatibility. Summarized in the popular way now, it is called "six phases" (. "Words are equivalent, parts of speech are equivalent, structure is commensurate, and rhythm is corresponding", which is about antithesis.
"Content-related and artistic conception-compatible" is essentially a matter of conception and artistic conception. These two aspects will be introduced by other teachers in the school in the following lectures.
The level and level harmony is a problem that we need to solve in the first class, that is, we need to ask for couplets from the aspects of rhythm and rhythm, so as to make couplets more beautiful in rhyme and harmony. I will introduce the leveling theory from two aspects: 1. What is leveling? How to distinguish flat sound from voiced sound? What are the similarities and differences between ancient and modern tones? Second, what is the distribution law or law of flat lines in couplets? In other words, how to arrange the flat tones to make the couplets catchy and cadence? First, what is the level? How to distinguish flat tones? To understand what a flat tone is, we must first understand the old and new tones.
The new four tones are divided into four tones in modern Mandarin, namely (Yang), Yang Ping (Yang), Shang Sheng (Yang) and De Sheng (Yang). In ancient Chinese, Chinese characters were divided into four tones: flat, upward, far and progressive.
It should be noted that the Rusheng character in ancient Chinese no longer exists in modern Mandarin, but it is common in some dialects in the north and south, such as Shanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, southern Fujian, Chaozhou, Cantonese and Hunan. There are no Rusheng words in modern Chinese Putonghua, but Rusheng words in ancient Chinese are distributed in all tones of the new four tones, which is why many couplet friends often ask that in some couplets, it is obvious that a dull tone should be used somewhere, but in the sentence, a word belonging to the Modern Chinese Dictionary is used, because this couplet uses the ancient rhyme, the word "Rusheng".
For example, in the sentence "The Jinsha River beats the clouds and cliffs, but the iron fence of Dadu Bridge is cold", "Da" is pronounced as a tone in modern Chinese, but in ancient Chinese it is an entering tone and belongs to a falling tone. As to which words in modern Chinese belong to Rusheng in ancient Chinese, we can refer to Ping Yun Shui Department, Wang Li's Rhythm of Chinese Poetry, Guo Xiliang's Manual of Ancient Chinese Characters, Tang Zuofan's Manual of Ancient Chinese Sounds, followed by Guan Ke's Rusheng and Zhou Bingjun's Outline of Ancient Chinese, so I won't repeat them here.
So, what is leveling? Flat tone is originally a term of poetic style: the so-called flat tone means that there are no rising and falling sounds in phonology, while flat tone, according to the dictionary definition, means uneven and means that there are rising and falling sounds. At present, there are two flat tone systems in the application of couplets: one is modern tone, which is based on the new four tones of modern Chinese and Putonghua.
In the application of the metrical pattern of poetry couplets based on the present tone, the yin and yang of the new four tones (the first and second tones) are called flat tones, and the rising and falling tones (the third and fourth tones) are called Nuo tones. The second is the ancient sound.
Pingsheng characters in ancient Chinese include most of the upper and lower sounds in modern Chinese (other Yinping and Yangping characters in modern Chinese are mostly evolved from Rusheng characters in ancient Chinese); Cuosh, including rising, going and entering.
3. What is the word "Pingsheng" in ancient poetry: Pingyunshui: an object is like a sound.
Linz Zheng Yun Part 15 (Middle)
Rusheng: Ping Shui Yun: Fourteen-string Rusheng
Linz Zheng Yun: Part 17 (Middle)
Uncover: Pingshui Rhyme: Entering Sound in June.
Ping Shui Yun: Nine Songs Entering the Sound
Linz Zheng Yun: Episode 18 (Entering)
Text: Ping: Twelve articles (Ping)
Ping: Thirteen questions (Xu) are gone.
Linz Zheng Yun: Part VI (Ping)
,: Part VI (Xu)
"Wen" is a polyphonic word, with two kinds of flat and even tones, and the others are entering tones, so choose D.
I try to give you a simple statement:
The new rhyme is based on the northern rhyme of Putonghua and compiled by the Chinese Poetry Association. As upstairs said, one or two are flat, and three or four are awkward.
Ancient rhyme, commonly known as Pingshui rhyme, is a relatively recognized reference for metrical books in the past. Even the poetry club said that the new rhyme only proposed juxtaposition and dared not cancel the horizontal rhyme. Pingshuiyun is the official language of Song Dynasty, which is roughly Luoyang dialect (the general name of China ancient official language) with Bianjing accent. He rhymes more than Mandarin;
It can be divided into six types: up-flat, down-flat, up-tone, down-tone, away-tone and entering-tone.
A flat sound is a flat sound. There is no doubt about it.
But the so-called "rising tone" in the new rhyme is not bad when you write it. It depends.
To sum up, if you want to be arty, just write a few words and follow the new rhyme of Mandarin. Just one draw and three losses.
If you want to play deeper, just look at the rhyme book of Pingshui rhyme. Besides these, you should also consider artistic conception and style, which is not what you asked for. )