In Jian 'an's poems, the content of facing reality, reflecting social unrest and expressing the ideal of unity, as well as the spirit of high spirits and positive progress, have disappeared. Instead, people's worries about survival and sighs about life experience have made the poetic style deeply entrusted.
The representatives of Zhengshi poets are Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, among the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji, the son of Ruan Yu, is one of the "Seven Sages of Jian 'an" and a representative writer among the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". He used to be the captain of the infantry, so he was called "Ruan Infantry" internationally.
Ruan Ji had the ambition to save the world and the people in his early years, but he was unable to change the status quo and always struggled in the whirlpool of political struggle. Inner suffering has been tormenting him. His situation and pain were shared by most literati and celebrities at that time, which had extensive significance in the society at that time. It is precisely because of this characteristic that Ruan Ji's poems are obscure and rarely express his thoughts directly. Eighty-two Poems with Love is his masterpiece. The ideological content of these poems is complex, the most prominent of which is to express the poet's inner loneliness and anguish.
Ruan Ji is the first person to write a five-character poem with all his strength since Jian 'an. Ode to Huai is a huge poetry group composed of 82 five-character poems, which laid a foundation in the history of five-character poems, created a new realm and made great contributions.
The first poem "Sleepless at Night" in Huai Shi starts with the word "night" and describes a depressed and melancholy night, which makes it difficult to sleep. In the sad atmosphere of the night, it shows a "sad" poet image.
The whole poem is implicit, which makes people inadvertently infected. In this group of famous poems, Ruan Ji often uses metaphor and symbolism to express his ambition, or uses phoenix to describe his predicament, or uses beautiful scenery to describe hopeless ideals, or uses withered flowers and trees to describe the impermanence of the world.
The whole group of poems, from nature to personnel, are full of intense anguish. Because of its rich figurative means, it has formed a tortuous and obscure artistic style, opened up a creative road of political lyric poetry, and is unique in the history of poetry.
Ji Kang, an official to a Chinese doctor, was called "scattered in the middle" in history. He is arrogant and wild, openly opposing Sima Group and breaking with it. His character eventually led to his death. He has more than 50 poems. There are four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. Among them, four-character poems directly express feelings, show the pursuit of nature, and have achieved high results.
Ji Kang's poems mainly focus on the pursuit of nature and the rejection of fame and fortune. Among them, 18 poems "To Scholar Army" and "Poems of Sorrow" have the highest achievements. The ninth poem of "Army of Scholars" imagines the heroic spirit and spirit of his younger brother Ji after he joined the army, and the fourteenth poem describes his superb mood of entertaining himself by fishing and playing the piano. Sad poems describe life experiences and ideals and express great indignation at innocent grievances.
At the beginning, most poets admired Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, the mysterious wind and nature, so poetry gave people a sense of simplicity. In the Taikang period of the Western Jin Dynasty, this simplicity was replaced by complexity.
Taikang is the title of Sima Yan, the Emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty. After the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty, the society was relatively stable and the economy developed greatly. During the twenty years from Taikang to Yongjia, literary creation was more active, and a large number of poets appeared, represented by "Three Zhang", "Two Lu", "Two Pan" and "One Left".
"Three", namely Zhang Zai, Zhang Xie and Zhang Kang; "Erlu" refers to Luji and Lu Yun; "Pan Er" refers to Pan Yue and Penny; "Left" means left-leaning thinking. Except Zuo Si, other people's creations all show the same trend of the times, that is, more simulation and less creation, attaching importance to artistic form and neglecting ideological content, which is called "too healthy".
Most Taikang poets are conceited by their talents, and their relatively leisurely life enables them to concentrate on thinking about the art of poetry. Therefore, Taikang's poetic style is generally reflected in gorgeous words, complicated writing and complex sentence patterns. "Lu Ji" and "Pan Yue" are the most representative poems of Taikang, but only Zuo Si shouted out the voice of the poor, and his poetic style was unique.
During the reign of Taikang, Lu Ji followed Lu Xun, a famous minister of Wu, and went to Luoyang, Kyoto with his brother, which was appreciated by Zhang Hua, a prime minister poet.
Lu Ji's poems are widely read, but the connotation is relatively poor. Poetry strives for uniformity in sentence patterns, gorgeous writing, meticulous description and harmonious rhythm. But if you carve too much, you will lose your natural features. But he wrote his own life experiences into poems, and also produced relatively vivid and powerful works.
Pan Yue is from Zhongmou, Xingyang. His writing is close to that of Lu Ji, but his literary talent is not as good as that of Lu Ji. Pan Yue was very smart since he was a child, and he was famous in the village. He was called a "child prodigy".
Pan Yue's poems are gorgeous, and his mourning poems are the best. There are 18 existing poems, among which mourning poems are the most celebrated. This poem was written on the first anniversary of his wife's death. The first one wrote about his mood before he left home, lamenting that time passed by in a hurry; Then write about his dilemma of leaving or staying, and his grief at a loss; Finally, I wrote that wandering in an empty room made me feel sad.
The whole poem is written about his unforgettable thoughts, which truly expresses Pan Yue's memory of his dead wife. Since then, "mourning" has become the special name of this kind of poetry, which has a great influence on later generations.
Zuo Si was the most accomplished poet in the Western Jin Dynasty. He was ugly, stammered, and his natural ambition was hard to be rewarded in the Wei and Jin Dynasties when family background and appearance were valued. Zuo Si's words are magnificent and extraordinary.
Zuo Si's Eight Poems on Historical Poems inherited the tradition of "Jian 'an Style", and expressed his dissatisfaction with the aristocratic family system and his anguish over his ambition, which was called "Zuo Si Style". His poems, lyrical through ancient times, formed a special way of expression, and many imitators in later generations. In this way, "chanting history" became a major category in later poems.