A poem with the main content of explaining Laozi and Zhuangzi and Buddhist philosophy. Metaphysical poetry is a school of poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which began at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty and prevailed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Representative writers include Sun Chuo, Xu Xun, Geng Liang and Huan Wen. Its characteristic is that Hyunri entered poetry, and regarded poetry as a sermon and annotation of Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy, which was seriously divorced from social life.
Representative figure
Zhong Rongshi: "In Yongjia, you are old and yellow, but you are a little empty talk. What was written, said and said at that time was chicken ribs. Therefore, on the river, microwaves are still spreading. Sun Chuo, Huan and Geng's poems are all moral, while Jian 'an's poems are exhausted. At the beginning of metaphysics and Cao Wei, the representative figures were He Bi, who advocated that "everything is based on inaction." Later, Ruan Ji and Ji Kang followed suit, saying that writing and poetry were "profound", but they never commented on current events and ignored people. "
Metaphysicists in the early Western Jin Dynasty were mainly Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang. Xiang Xiu wrote "Zhuangzi's Note" to "invent curiosity and arouse the mysterious wind." Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties is a variant of Confucian idealism philosophy under the new historical conditions. From the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, metaphysical thoughts invaded the field of literature, and metaphysical poems appeared. Sun Chuo and Xu Xun, the representatives of metaphysical poetry, are also called "Sun Xu". Zhong Rong in the Southern Dynasties wrote Poems in the Sun: "It is an indifferent word to be called Sun and Xu in the world." Metaphysical poems once flourished, but most of them were eliminated. Sun Chuo (314-371), whose name is Xing Gong, was born in Zhongdu, Taiyuan. In his early years, he had the ambition to live in seclusion. He once wrote "Sui Chu Fu" to clarify his ambition. It was originally Zuo Lang's work, attacking Changle Hou. Later, Geng Liang, a general from the west, joined the army and was a doctor in imperial academy. He left to ride a formal servant and was in charge of Lang. The poem refers to the thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi, which is dry and has no sense of image. Today, there are poems such as Answering Xu Xun, Giving Xie An and Lanting. A few poems are fresh and indifferent, and have a certain sense of truth. Such as "Autumn Moon", "The sparse forest is cool and the clouds are empty. Zhan Lu sprinkled the forest in the courtyard, and the thick leaves resigned. The sorrow of the leaves falls first, and the pine climbs and then declines. " It's quite lively. Sun Chuo's Fu was also famous in his time. His masterpiece is Preface to Tour Tiantai Mountain. There is a saying that "Chicheng floats with banners and waterfalls cross the road", which is extremely fresh and beautiful. It is said that Sun Chuo is conceited in writing this article. "Sun Xing-gong wrote" Tiantai Mountain Fu "and showed it to his friend Fan Rongqi, saying,' Qing tried to throw the ground as a golden sound. "(Biography of Sun Chuo in the Book of Jin) Prose includes the tablet of Prime Minister Wang Dao, the tablet of Taizai Zhai Jian, the tablet of Qiu Gengliang and the tablet of Geng Bing. Today, the collection of Sun Tingwei by Ming people has been passed down from generation to generation. Xu Xun, this word is mysterious, and life and death are unknown. Levin (now Hebei) was born. When I was a child, I was smart and called a prodigy. I was long, simple in style and very talented. I was once called a genus of Stuart, but I didn't. I have traveled with Wang Xizhi to the famous Huiji Mountain and participated in the Lanting Gathering. Five-character rhymes have a great reputation. Emperor Wentong once called his poems "Five-character Poems of Du Xuan", which can be described as wonderful. "(An Introduction to Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature) Today, there is only one poem by a bamboo fan, with an inscription by Bai Chenwei. However, Xu's poems are actually perfunctory with metaphysical philosophy, "bland and tasteless" and his artistic achievements are not high. Representative writers: Sun Chuo, Xu Xun, Xie An and Wang Xizhi.
affect
It began in the late Western Jin Dynasty and prevailed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the society has been in turmoil, and the scholar-officials have tried to hide their intentions in order to avoid the whole body. In the late Western Jin Dynasty, this trend of thought gradually influenced poetry creation. Especially in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, due to the prevalence of Buddhism, metaphysics and Buddhism gradually combined, and many poets expressed their understanding of Hyunri in the form of poems. The article "Wen Xin Diao Long Time Series" said: "Since China and North Korea were noble and mysterious, Jiangzuo was called Sheng. Because talking about residual gas has become a style, it is based on extreme sadness and helplessness to the world. Poetry must be the purpose of (Laozi) and the meaning of (Zhuangzi) Qiyuan. " Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature Review quoted Tan Daoluan and Xu Jinyangqiu, and also pointed out that "crossing the river (referring to the Eastern Jin Dynasty) is particularly prosperous in Buddhism". Although the emergence of this school of poetry reflects the influence of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties on literature, its essence is different from that of early metaphysicists such as Wang Bi, Yan He, Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. By the late Western Jin Dynasty, metaphysics had become the ideological theory of the elite, and this theory was combined with Buddhist thought through the hand of Zhi Dun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which reflected the spiritual state of literati escaping from reality at that time. Sun Chuo and Xu Xun are representatives of metaphysical poets. Because most metaphysical poems are "exaggerated and tasteless" ("Preface to Poetry"), they lack artistic image and sincere feelings, and their literary value is not high, so most of their works are lost. Qi's Collection of Poems of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties consists of Sun Chuo's 12 poems and 3 poems. In addition, Preface to Lanting by Xie An and Wang Xizhi is also a typical metaphysical poem. However, because metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties advocated "forgetting the image with pride", natural scenery often appeared in the form of "words and images" in the works of metaphysical poets to appreciate the mystery. For example, Sun Chuo's poem Autumn is more literary. Xu Xun also has a beautiful sentence "Song Qing coagulates the marrow, autumn chrysanthemum loses its fragrance". There are also vivid descriptions of scenery in Lanting's poems. The tranquil artistic conception created by Xie Lingyun's metaphysical landscape poems and some of Tao Yuanming's poems seems to be somewhat influenced by metaphysical words.