The broken family turned Bunin into a precocious teenager. He loved literature since childhood and worshipped Russian classical poets such as Pushkin and lermontov. Despite his bad luck, he accepted the class prejudice of many hereditary nobles. He is very proud of his noble family and yearns for the luxurious life of his family in the past, feeling deeply ill-timed.
Puning's eldest brother is the only college graduate in the family. He was arrested for participating in the activities of the People's Party, and has been living under surveillance at home since he was released from prison. Young Puning taught himself under the guidance of his eldest brother and began to write poems. He showed outstanding talent in his creation. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he first published his poem "The Tomb for Mandelson" in Motherland magazine.
Because of poverty, Puning went out to make a living alone after finishing middle school. He worked as a clerk in a library and a statistician in a government department. He set up a bookstall and worked intermittently for several newspapers. Later, although I also attended the pre-university course and studied at Moscow University for one year, I failed to complete higher education. The poor life did not make him depressed, but he devoted himself to poetry creation and always maintained a happy body and mind. Various occupations have enriched his knowledge and experience. 189 1 year, Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin published his first collection of poems in the open air, and later published his collection of poems, fallen leaves, which can be said to be an artistic model of excellent Russian poetry. At the same time, Puning is also committed to translating the works of famous European and American poets Byron and Longfellow. 190 1 year, Puning won the Pushkin Award from Russian Academy of Sciences for his poem "Fallen Leaves", so he became a famous poet in China. In his early poems, the author's warm feelings for the pastoral living environment of his childhood hometown were fully reflected.
From the end of19th century, Puning turned to novel creation. The novella Village (19 10) describes the unfortunate experience of Kuzma, a farmer, who lost his land, freedom, disillusioned hope and miserable fate after the failure of the Russian revolution in 1905. Another novella, The Arid Valley, reveals the social characteristics of Russian aristocrats' spiritual corruption and economic decline.
1905, Bunin left everything behind and traveled abroad. He spent several years traveling around the world, covering almost the whole of Europe and visiting many countries in Africa and Asia. Traveling abroad not only increases knowledge, but also exercises. Along the way, while learning about folk customs and enjoying beautiful natural scenery, he wrote many poems describing exotic customs and fairy stories, such as Poseidon, Cain and Temple of the Sun. 1909, Puning was elected as an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
From 19 1 1 to 19 12, Puning wrote a series of short stories about rural life, such as Happy Courtyard, Nighttalk and 108. Puning's realistic writing method is becoming more and more perfect, and the theme of the novel begins to diversify.
Bunin has made some contributions in following the great principles of Russian literature initiated by Nikolai Nikolai Gogol and Turgenev and pushed to the peak by lev tolstoy. He inherited and developed the tradition of Russian realism, so in 19 14, Pravda praised him as an important writer and a Tolstoy alongside Gorky. Western critics regard Bunin as the last distinctive writer in Russian literature, and think that his sensitive analysis of Russian rural social traditions and excellent description of the environmental atmosphere there are enough to produce a sincere and strong feeling that haunts people's hearts.
After the outbreak of World War I, Bunin went to Europe and the East again, and later wrote the short story Brothers and Gentlemen from San Francisco. His emotional color mainly tends to lament the fate of the old aristocracy and cherish the memory of the so-called demise of Russian tradition before the imminent demise of the czar regime. It is this declining nostalgia that directly caused Puning's resistance to the October Revolution. He didn't welcome the rebirth of the Soviet regime like Gorky and Tolstoy. When the revolution came, he was at a loss at first, then he took an open hostile attitude, cursed the revolution in publications, and finally fled the motherland with a cursed attitude.
19201kloc-0/On October 26th, 50-year-old Puning boarded the last cruise ship bound for France. He left an unforgettable glimpse of his motherland among the frightened and chaotic crowd. He has a deep affection for the land here, and he misses everything there, but his stubborn old aristocratic attitude has prompted him to have an inexplicable fear of the arrival of the Red Army. With a melancholy mood, he embarked on the road of exile. ...
Later, in his short story The Last Retreat, he truly described his complicated feelings. This poet and novelist, who established an outstanding reputation in the history of Russian literature, eventually became an exile because of his different political ideas. Since then, although he missed Russian land day and night, he never saw her again.
After arriving in France, Bunin settled in Paris, because of his achievements and fame, he became the leader of Belarusian intellectuals who fled to France at that time. However, Bunin, who was in exile in a foreign country, became more and more pessimistic, depressed and depressed. A kind of depression and homesickness caused by the failure of the imaginary Russian ideal aristocratic society gradually appeared in him. He indulged in idealism and pessimism, lost interest in social research and observation, and lost his literary thoughts. He can only write some early memories and express his inner feelings. His works have become rootless and are often influenced by subjective assumptions and prejudices. His repressed thoughts and disillusionment are embodied in the short story It's Over (1923). This work opens the first page of Puning's "Exile Literature".
Soon Bunin traveled to Europe, Asia and Africa, but the relaxed and leisurely mood of traveling around the world in the past no longer exists. Today he is an exile from his hometown. After traveling, I created Love of Mi Family (1924), The Life of Assanev (1927), Lika (1933), Dark Country Road (1938) and so on. Most of these works are dull and pessimistic, and the fate of the characters is also very tragic.
During this period, whether ideological or artistic, Bunin's works are far from being compared with his past works. Negative and disappointed feelings enveloped all his works, and his artistic talent was almost lost after he fled to France.
Homesickness affects Puning's longing for the Russian land all the time, and the idea of returning to the motherland has always supported his creation and life. 1937 and194/kloc-0 wrote to Tolstoy and Terezov twice, expressing their desire to return to the motherland, but Hitler quickly launched an attack on the Soviet Union and failed. Bunin stopped writing during the German occupation of France. He tried his best to rescue Soviet prisoners and made some efforts in the underground struggle against fascism. His last work Memory and Description, published in 1950, attacked Gorky and many other writers and poets, showing his stubbornness and vacillation.
1953165438+1On October 8, 83-year-old exile Bunin died in Paris, but failed to find his roots.