1. Introduction to various styles of Chinese composition
Including: narrative, explanatory, practical, and argumentative essays (1) Narrative: It uses narrative and description as the main expression methods, and records people A literary style with narration, scene description, and object description as its main content.
1. Classification of narratives (1) In terms of content and expression: ① Simple narrative. ②Complex narrative.
(2) According to the different writing objects: ① Narratives that mainly write about people. ② Narratives that focus on narrative.
③Narratives mainly describing scenes. ④ Narratives that focus on objects.
(2) Expository text: A style of writing that uses explanation as the main mode of expression to introduce or explain the status, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, and causes, merits and demerits of things. . 1. Classification of expository texts: From the description object (content): ①Explanatory texts on physical things.
②Explanatory text. ③Scientific essays.
In terms of language expression: ①Plain expository text. ② Literary explanatory text.
2. Characteristics of expository writing: (1) The content is highly scientific. (2) The structure is clear and organized.
(3) Strict accuracy in language. (3) Practical writing: Practical writing is a practical style that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, has a certain format, is short, concise and popular.
1. Types of practical writing: (1) Letters: general letters, special letters (letters of thanks, letters of praise, letters of condolences, letters of introduction, open letters, letters of certification, applications, proposals, proposals , letter of appointment), telegram, remittance. (2) Notes: diary, reading notes.
(3) Official documents: thirteen types of documents: orders, decisions, announcements, notices, notifications, notifications, motions, reports, requests for instructions, approvals, opinions, letters, meeting minutes, etc. (4) Publicity: advertising drafts, speeches, blackboard newspapers, news, communications, product manuals.
(5) Announcements: Enlightenment, posters. (6) Etiquette: invitations, greetings (congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages), condolence messages, and letters of condolence.
(7) Contract type: Notes (receipts, IOUs, receipts, IOUs, leave notes, message notes, etc.), contracts (agreement), and conventions. (8) Biography: biographies, local chronicles, family history (school history, village history).
(4) Argumentative essay: Argumentative essay is a common style that uses argumentation as the main method to directly express the author's views and opinions through facts and reasoning. (1) Classification of argumentative papers: According to content purpose: ①General political papers.
②Comments. ③Essays (essays, talks, notes).
④Reflections after reading. According to the argument method: ① Establish a thesis.
② Refute the thesis. If the composition in the examination room does not have a clear style, you will definitely lose a lot of points! ! ! High School Entrance Examination Essay Scoring Criteria: Category 1 Paper: 45-50 points (the core is clear and true and the healthy content of thoughts and feelings is clear and substantial) Category 2 Paper: 37-44 points (the center is clear and the real and healthy content of thoughts and feelings is clear and detailed) Category 3 Paper: 30-36 points ( The center is basically clear about thoughts and feelings, and the content is real and healthy. The content is more specific.) Four types of papers: 21-29 points (the center is not clear about thoughts and feelings, which are not real enough and the health content is vague). The five types of papers: less than 20 points (the text is not correct and the content is distorted). What is the scoring standard for high school entrance examination essays? ? The scoring criteria for high school entrance examination essays include three aspects: content, language and structure, and each aspect includes five levels.
When marking the paper, the grading teacher will first read the entire text, highlight incorrect sentences and typos, grade the paper based on the above three aspects, and then refer to the rating table to get the score. Then the points that should be deducted for typos, punctuation, writing, word count, etc. are finally determined by the actual score of the composition.
The content needs to be specific, healthy, and clear in focus, the language needs to be smooth and free of mistakes, and the structure needs to be complete and detailed. Knowing this, candidates have an idea in mind and can write essays according to these.
This is the primary question. Furthermore, the teachers who graded the papers braved the hot weather and had hundreds of people huddled together to read for more than ten days from morning to night. It was inevitable that they would feel agitated. This is also human nature.
If your composition is neatly written and punctuated correctly, as if a person is neatly dressed and looks upright, and naturally has a good impression, then the irritable mood will be relieved and replaced. In a good mood. On the contrary, when I look at the scroll with a piece painted on the east and a piece painted on the west, like a big painted face, and the handwriting is difficult to read, I naturally feel more and more annoyed.
This good and bad mood will inevitably affect the scoring of the marking teacher. This is another psychology question scoring note: 1. If content, language, and structure all meet the same conditions, you can get the upper limit of this type of paper; if you meet two conditions of this type of paper, and the other one falls into the lower limit, Those who meet one of the requirements for this type of paper and the other two are at the lower limit can get the lower limit score for this type of paper.
2. Regarding grammatical errors: The grammatical errors here refer to obvious grammatical, rhetorical or logical errors. 3. For less than 600 words, 1 point will be deducted for every 50 words missing; for missing questions, 2 points will be deducted.
4. If a real place name appears on the test paper or implies your name or school, the test paper will be handed over to the examination leading group for processing. Writing (5 points). 5 points for neat and standardized writing. Scoring criteria for college entrance examination essays: Basic level 50 points. First class (50-41) Second class (40-31) Third class (30-21) Fourth class (20-0) Relevant questions The meaning is consistent with the meaning of the question, basically consistent with the meaning of the question, deviated from the meaning of the question, the center is prominent, the center is clear, the center is basically clear, the center is unclear or the intention is inappropriate, the content is substantial, the content is relatively substantial, the content is thin, there is no content, the feelings are true, the feelings are true, the feelings are basic, true, the feelings are false, the structure is rigorous, the structure is complete, the structure is basically complete, the structure is chaotic. The language is fluent, the language is fluent, the language is basically fluent, the language is smooth, the language is multi-font, the handwriting is neat, the handwriting is clear, the handwriting is difficult to read, meets the stylistic requirements, generally meets the stylistic requirements, generally meets the stylistic requirements, does not meet the stylistic requirements, development level 20 points, is profound, rich, literary and innovative, 1. Go deep into the essence through phenomena 4. Rich materials 7. Vivid language and flexible sentence structure 10. Novel insights, fresh materials, and exquisite ideas 2. Revealing problems and creating problems 5. Rich images 8. Good at using rhetorical techniques 11. Unique reasoning and imagination 3. Points of view Inspiring effect 6. Far-reaching artistic conception 9. Sentences meaningful 12. Personal characteristics [Explanation] 1. The basic level scoring focuses on the meaning of the question, content, language, and style, and is comprehensively measured.
Meeting the stylistic requirements means meeting the stylistic requirements selected by the examinee based on the meaning and content of the question. 2. The development level score is based on 12 scoring points. It does not seek to be comprehensive. Those with outstanding points will be graded in equal order until full score.
3. 2 points will be deducted for missing questions; 1 point will be deducted for each typo. Repeat. 2. Detailed explanation of the stylistic format of Chinese composition
The so-called "style" refers to the narrative, argumentative, expository and commonly used practical essays mentioned in the "Examination Instructions".
"Meeting the stylistic requirements" first refers to meeting the stylistic requirements stipulated in the test questions. The requirements for the style of college entrance examination composition are relatively clear, or specify a certain style, such as writing a narrative or an argumentative essay, and candidates cannot change it at will; or they are exclusionary, such as "Except for poetry, other styles are not limited." .
There are many types of literary styles that candidates can write without stepping into the restricted area. Even writing prose, novels and other literary genres can be regarded as an expansion and extension of narrative. Secondly, it means that the articles written meet the stylistic requirements chosen by the candidates. One of its biggest features is that the essays are not limited to the topics that have been popular in recent years.
"Downplaying style" means not imposing too many restrictions on style and emphasizing the comprehensive use of multiple expression methods. It does not mean that there is no need for style requirements. The test questions do not limit the style of writing to give candidates the freedom to choose. However, if the candidate chooses to write an argumentative essay, he must write according to the requirements of the argumentative essay. If he chooses to write prose, he must follow the rules of prose writing, and cannot write it by hand. It is neither a donkey nor a horse. neither fish nor fowl.
Narratives must have six elements. Argumentative essays must have clear arguments and arguments. Prose essays must be clear and focused. Expository essays must pay attention to explanation methods. Of course, expository essays are generally not written for exams. As for the epistolary diary style, it is several articles arranged together in the same format as an epistolary diary. 3. What are the styles of Chinese articles?
Narrative: It is a style of writing that uses narrative as the main mode of expression and writes about the experiences of characters and the development and changes of things as the main content.
Narrative is an article used to describe things. Time, person, place, cause of event, process, and result are the six elements of narrative. Generally speaking, an article uses narrative and description as the main expression method. It's called narrative. Expository essay: Expository essay is a type of article that uses explanation as the main way of expression to explain things, clarify matters and give people knowledge.
It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts. Poetry: Poetry is a literary genre that focuses on emotion. It reflects social life in a lyrical, highly concise and concentrated way, and expresses thoughts and emotions with rich imagination, rhythmic and rhythmic language, and in the form of line arrangements.
Poetry is a rhythmic, rhythmic and emotional language art form. It is also the oldest and most basic literary form in the world. Argumentative essay: It is a style of writing that analyzes and comments on an issue or something, and expresses one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. 4. In Chinese writing, what are the types of writing genres and what are their respective writing steps?
1. Stylistic knowledge Stylistic knowledge includes: four aspects of common sense: narrative, argumentative essay, expository essay, practical essay, etc. .
(1) Narrative is a literary style that uses narration and description as its main expressions, and its main content is to remember people, narratives, scenes, and objects. 1. Classification of narratives (1) According to content and expression methods: ① Simple narratives ② Complex narratives (2) According to different writing objects: ① Narratives that mainly describe people ② Narratives that mainly focus on narration ③ Narratives that mainly describe scenes Narratives: ④ Narratives that focus on objects (2). Expository essays use description as the main expression method to introduce or explain the status, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, and causes, merits and demerits of things. a style of writing.
1. The classification of expository texts is divided into ① explanatory texts about physical things ② explanatory texts about affairs ③ scientific essays according to the way of language expression ① plain expository texts ② literary expository texts 2. Characteristics of expository texts (1) Content It is highly scientific (2) It has clear organization in structure (3) It has strict accuracy in language (3) Practical essay Practical essay is a kind of practical essay that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, and has a certain format. Short, concise and practical style. 1. Types of practical writing (1) General letters, special letters (letters of thanks, letters of praise, letters of condolence, letters of introduction, open letters, letters of certification, applications, proposals, proposals, letters of appointment), telegrams, remittances ( 2) Note-type diaries and reading notes (3) Official documents such as notices, bulletins, reports (investigation reports, scientific reports), requests for instructions, plans, summaries, meeting minutes (4) Promotional advertising drafts, speeches, blackboard newspapers, news, and communications , product instructions (5) notices, posters (6) etiquette invitations, congratulatory messages (congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages), condolence messages, letters of condolence, (7) deed-type receipts (receipts, IOUs, collars, IOUs, leave requests) , message notes, etc.), contracts (agreements), conventions, (8) biographies, local chronicles, family history (school history, village history) (4) Argumentative essays Argumentative essays use argumentation as the main method and use facts , a common style of writing that directly expresses the author's views and opinions.
(1) Argumentative papers are classified according to content and purpose: ①General political papers ②Comments ③Essays (essays, talks, notes) ④Reflections are divided according to the argument method: ①Thesis ②Refutation thesis 2 , Literary genre (also known as literary style) Literary genre refers to the four major literary styles of poetry, prose, drama, and novels. (1) Poetry is the earliest literary style that appeared in human society (2) Prose refers to a literary genre alongside poetry, drama, and novels (1) Types of prose ① Narrative prose: to record people and narrate Prose mainly based on narrative (mainly narrative and with lyrical elements) ② Lyrical prose: prose mainly expressing the author's feelings ③ Argumentative prose: prose mainly focusing on reasoning (3) Novels Novels center on shaping the character image , a literary genre that reflects social life through complete storylines and specific environmental descriptions.
(4) Other genres (1) Fairy tales: a genre of children’s literature (2) Fables: stories with persuasion or satire (3) Myths (4) Folktales (5) ) Legend (6) Memoir (5), Drama. 5. Chinese Writing and Encyclopedic Knowledge
Entrance Examination for Full-time Master’s Degree in Translation
"Chinese Writing and Encyclopedic Knowledge" Examination Outline
1. Examination Purpose< /p>
This examination is a professional basic course for the entrance qualification examination for full-time master's degree students in translation. Candidates of all languages ??must answer questions in Chinese. Each admissions institution selects candidates to participate in the second round, that is, the re-examination, based on the candidates' scores in this exam and the total scores of the other three exams.
2. The nature and scope of the test
This test is a scale-referenced proficiency test that tests candidates’ encyclopedia knowledge and Chinese writing level. The scope of the examination includes encyclopedic knowledge and Chinese writing proficiency specified in this syllabus.
3. Basic requirements for the examination
1. Have certain background knowledge of Chinese and foreign culture, as well as political, economic and legal aspects.
2. Have strong basic skills in modern Chinese as the mother tongue (Language A).
3. Have strong modern Chinese writing ability.
4. Exam format
This exam combines objective questions with subjective questions, single skill test and comprehensive skill test, emphasizing the candidates' encyclopedic knowledge and Chinese writing ability. . Please refer to the "Examination Contents List" for the classification of test questions.
5. Exam content
This exam consists of three parts: encyclopedic knowledge, practical writing, and proposition composition. The total score is 150 points.
I. Encyclopedia knowledge
1. Examination requirements
Candidates are required to have a certain knowledge of Chinese and foreign culture, domestic and international politics, economy and law, as well as Chinese and foreign humanities, history and geography. learn.
2. Question type
Candidates are required to explain 25 nouns that appear in passages on different topics and involve the above content. Each noun is worth 2 points, total score is 50 points. The exam time is 60 minutes.
II. Practical Writing
1. Examination Requirements
This part requires candidates to write a practical essay of about 450 words based on the information and scenarios provided. Genres include instructions, meeting notices, business letters, memos, advertisements, etc. They are required to be concise and comprehensive, highlighting professionalism, technology and practicality.
2. Question types
The test paper provides information, scenarios and writing requirements for practical writing. ***Total 40 points. The exam time is 60 minutes.
III. Propositional Essay
1. Examination Requirements
Candidates should be able to write a modern Chinese essay of no less than 800 words based on the given topic and requirements. essay. The genre may be expository, argumentative or applied. The text must be fluent, with appropriate wording, reasonable structure, appropriate style, and beautiful writing style.
2. Question type
The test paper provides scenarios and questions, and candidates write according to the prompts. ***Total 60 points. The exam time is 60 minutes.
Answering questions and scoring
Candidates are required to write on the answer sheet with a pen or ballpoint pen.
"Chinese Writing and Encyclopedia Knowledge" Exam Content List
Serial Number Question Type Question Amount Score Time (Minutes)
1 Encyclopedia Knowledge 25 Multiple Choice Questions 50 60
2 Practical writing: a practical article of about 450 Chinese characters 40 60
6 Propositional composition: a modern Chinese article of 800 Chinese characters 60 60
* **Total: 150 180