Key words: "move"? "Quiet"
Poetry is the oldest and most basic literary form in the world, and it is a literary genre that expounds the soul. Poets use certain skills to express social life and human spiritual world through poetry. As a poetic expression, the combination of dynamic and static refers to the combination of dynamic and static, dynamic and static contrast, from static to static. It should be pointed out that "moving" and "static" are dynamic and static descriptions of things and scenery, and they set off each other, shaping a kind of artistic conception and interest. In the article describing the scenery, if you only write dynamic or static, you often can't leave a deep impression on people. If we can combine dynamic description with static description, turn static into dynamic, or compare static with dynamic, we will have different artistic effects.
Each method will be described below.
Association between activity and inertia
The combination of static and dynamic is one of the expressive techniques of poetry, which is beneficial to express the author's feelings. Dynamic and static description is the focus of analyzing and examining poetry. If emotional expression has little to do with dynamic and static description, then we should analyze the expressive skills of this poem from other aspects.
An autumn night in the mountains.
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
Wang Wei's Autumn Night in a Mountain is a famous landscape poem, which expresses the voice of a hermit. The whole poem depicts the beautiful scenery of the mountain village and the simple fashion of the villagers in the evening after the rain in Chu and Qing Dynasties, and shows the poet's satisfaction with his seclusion. "The mountain is empty after the rain, and it stands in late autumn" is a natural picture of the mountain village after the rain outlined by the poet. After the rain, the freshness and tranquility of the countryside are presented to readers. An "empty" word describes the sky is high and the clouds are light, depicting the ethereal beauty of everything. How peaceful and comfortable it is for the poet to live in seclusion in such a paradise! This description of the pastoral environment reveals the poet's love for seclusion. "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream", the bright moonlight shines on the pine forest, and the clear spring water flows through the stones in the river bed. Through two verbs "shine" and "flow", one is in the sky, the other is on the ground, the other is static, the other is static, which makes people feel as if nature is moving. In such an environment, the poet seems to feel that the beauty of nature has been completely integrated with the beauty of his own artistic conception.
As the saying goes, "The sound of bamboo sings the girl's return, and the lotus leaves are in front of the fishing boat", the poet turned from writing scenery to writing people, that is, "Huannv" and "Fisherman's Father", and adopted the writing method of "hearing people", which is wonderful. The poet wrote "Bamboo Noisy" and "Lotus Moving" first, because the Huannv was hidden in the bamboo forest and the fishing boat was covered with lotus leaves. At first, I didn't see it. It was not until I heard the noise of the bamboo forest and saw the ups and downs of the lotus leaves that I found the Huannv and the Lotus Boat. This writing is more realistic and poetic. Although the two couplets in the middle of the poem are all about scenery, the emphasis is different. Zhuan Xu focuses on writing things, with pure beauty and lofty aspirations; Necklace focuses on writing people, placing ideals with peace. At the same time, the two complement each other. Spring water, pine, bamboo and purple can be said to be a portrayal of the poet's noble sentiment and an ideal environment for the poet. "My friend's prince, spring has passed and you are still here. What does it matter?" Is a poet who expresses his thoughts and feelings. Since Chunxiang can't stay, let it go, but I will stay on this mountain with infinite scenery.
From the above analysis, we can see that the "bright moon" and "pine" described by Zhuan Xu are static scenery descriptions; "Qingquan" and "Liu" are descriptions of moving scenery. Because of the abundant water after the rain, the mountain spring gurgles through the stones, which is in harmony with the tranquility in the mountains. Poets pay great attention to the contrast between dynamic and static objects when describing scenery, which can be combined with stillness, and can also write stillness with stillness, write stillness with motion, and settle stillness with motion.
Dynamic contrast static.
Birdsong stream
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty.
When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
This poem is also Wang Wei's. Niaomingxi is a place with extremely beautiful scenery. A stream is a mountain stream, running water sandwiched between two mountains. This poem describes the unusually quiet scene at night in Chunshan. Flowers falling on the moon and birds singing are all dynamic descriptions. The author has achieved superb artistic effect by using the expression of moving against static.
"Leisure" shows the poet's inner peace. It is precisely because of the poet's peace of mind that even the fallen flowers of osmanthus can be noticed by him. A word "falling" describes the silence or even emptiness at night, which is amazing. Here, the poet's mood and the environmental atmosphere of Chunshan blend and influence each other. The poet listened carefully to the flowers and birds with a quiet mind and wrote down the peace of the environment and inner peace. His heart is calm and indifferent, but full of elegance and affection. Quiet nature is vivid and full of vitality in the poet's pen. The moon rises silently, but surprises the birds, which is the best artistic realm of dynamic and static contrast. The reason why this poem is good lies in the proper use of "dynamic" and "static". The first sentence "Osmanthus fragrans falls when people are idle, and the mountains are empty in the dead of night" combines the dynamic "flower falling" with the static "people are idle", and because it is night, the poet can't see the "osmanthus fragrans falling", so the poet can only feel the process of flower falling when he is calm. Look at Spring Mountain again. At night, the birds stopped singing and the tourists fell asleep, so it was "empty". During the day, it must be a different scene, full of laughter. At the same time, Wang Wei is a devout Buddhist, so "emptiness" should have the mood of a poet as a Zen monk. Only people with a free and easy mind can find things that ordinary people can't detect. The last two sentences, "When the moon rises, birds are surprised in the mountains, but sometimes in the spring stream", mean that when the moon rises, birds are surprised in the mountains. From time to time, frightened birds spread a burst of crisp songs in the mountain stream. The poet uses actions to set off the silence. The verbs "Jing" and "Ming" break the silence of the night on the surface, but actually set off the silence and leisure in the mountains with sound.
Third, change static to dynamic.
Turning static into dynamic is to make inanimate things alive and energetic through the language actions of characters, and to turn static images into dynamic images, leaving a deep impression on people.
Boys travel
A white-faced man immediately dismounted from the street and sat on the bed.
I don't know who my surname is, so I want a silver bottle of wine.
This is a poem by Du Fu, which shows a rough and crazy image of a teenager. The poet used three action descriptions to describe teenagers. One is to "dismount and sit on someone else's bed" and sit on someone else's bed without saying hello, which shows that teenagers are very rude; The second is "no surname", which is described by the poet from the perspective of language, which not only supplements the previous sentence, but also evaluates the previous sentence; The third one is "tasting wine in a silver bottle", which is an action description and a further description of the third sentence. Du Fu describes the image of a teenager here, completely using dynamic methods to achieve static purposes, and vividly depicts a teenager's rough character through language and actions with a strong sense of dynamic.
Look at the following poem:
Two quatrains (part two)
The water waves in the river, the white feathers of waterfowl, the green and red flowers on the mountain are in contrast, and you want to burn.
I watched it again this spring. When is the year of return?
This poem was written by Du Fu after he entered Shu, expressing his feelings of living in a foreign land. The word "desire" in the sentence "blue and white flowers on the mountain are burning" adopts anthropomorphic techniques to give life to inanimate flowers, which is also dynamic and swaying. "Flowers are Burning" describes a picture of a pair of flowers burning like a flourishing fire, which is very brilliant. The poet writes still flowers with hot work, with unique thinking and rich imagination.
Fourth, turn action into stillness.
Turning dynamic into static is to describe dynamic things with static words, which has achieved vivid results.
Visiting a Taoist priest in Daitian
In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick.
See the deer when the tree is deep, but don't ring the bell at noon.
Wild bamboos are green and misty, and flying springs hang blue peaks.
No one knows where to go. I'm worried about two or three loose.
The author of this poem is Li Bai. The neck is tied with "wild bamboos are green, flying springs hang blue peaks", and the artistic conception is very beautiful: green wild bamboos cut through Yun Lan, and white waterfalls hang high on the blue peaks. The "flying spring" was originally a dynamic scenery, but the poet used the word "hanging" to turn the movement into stillness. It reminds people of the scene of steep mountain peaks and mountain springs falling, which is a manifestation of transforming motion into stillness. At the same time, the encounter between wild bamboo and clouds was originally a static scene, but the poet used the word "fen", which has a touching taste, reminding people of the scene that clouds move with the mountains and constantly drift from the top of wild bamboo. This is a way of expression.
Look at another poem:
Yuhou market
After a heavy rain, the pond was full of water and very calm, as if immersed in a gently polished mirror, reflecting the reflection of the house on the shore.
Suddenly there was an east wind, and the drooping willow branches danced gracefully, and the water drops on the willow branches swept through the middle of the lotus leaves, making a constant noise.
This poem was written by Liu Ban, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The first two sentences, "After the rain, the surface of the pond is flat, and the mirror looks at the eaves", describe the quiet beauty of the pond after the rain. The poet wrote the beautiful and charming static beauty of the lotus pond after the rain with "water level", "mirror" and "eaves" The first sentence describes the calm of the pond water surface after the rain, and only uses the word "flat", which makes people feel very common. In the second sentence, the word "light grinding" is well used. The pool surface washed by the spring rain is like a mirror that has been brushed, and the metaphor is very fresh. These two sentences are mild in tone and quiet in every word. Even the word "light grinding" has a slight sense of movement, just like the literal meaning, giving readers a light feeling.
The last two sentences turn from static to dynamic, further writing the dynamic beauty on the pool after the rain. The east wind rises suddenly, dancing the weeping willows by the pool, blowing off the raindrops on the slender leaves of weeping willows and splashing on the lotus leaves in full bloom in the pool, making a crisp sound. The poet's "East Wind", "Hanging Yang Dance" and "Heart Sound" have a dynamic charm, full of vitality, and each has its own interest. At the same time, the rhythm changes from gentle to rapid, and the word "sudden rise" first creates an abrupt trend, showing a change from static to dynamic, giving people a strong sense of movement; Then the word "Gengzuo" echoes, thus connecting the visible, intangible, static, dynamic and sound scenes to form a picture with both sound and shape. This poem is both static and dynamic, with static showing and dynamic setting, and the combination of static and dynamic forms the spring scene of the pond after the rain.
abstract
Poetry is the art of language, language is the tool to shape the realm of poetry, and it is also the most intuitive presentation of the realm of poetry. The creation of poetic artistic conception can not be separated from language, so scholars of all ages paid great attention to refining words and strived to achieve high attainments in language. Especially the application of "dynamic" and "static" techniques in classical poetry art, if used well, will be immortal to a poet; If it is not used well, it will be criticized and ridiculed by people. Today, when we study and appreciate classical poetry, we should not only learn the methods and skills in poetry, but also learn the indifferent and comfortable state of mind of the ancients. Learning classical poetry can enrich our hearts, improve our personal quality and understand life.