1. instruments of torture. Chains and handcuffs.
"Historical Records Qi Taigong Family": "Bao was welcomed by Guan Zhong and was shackled." In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan wrote "Answering Zhou Jun's Nest Bait Medicine Life Letter": "Zongyuan refused to commit crimes, lived in a small state, and became friends with prisoners. If he leaves, he will be handcuffed. " Li Zhanghuan's Biography of Song Lian Bi in the Qing Dynasty: "Anger will attack the western market, and the shackles will suddenly fall to the ground, and no one will be lonely."
2. detention, imprisonment.
"Mencius with all my heart": "It is a righteous life to do your best and die; Marrying a dead man is not the right life. "The Biography of Chen Fan in the Later Han Dynasty": "(Zhu Zhen) received and buried the body of a monk, and his son was hidden in the boundary of Ganling. Things are prisons and doors are shackles. " Shu's Notes on Tang Yu Lin Zhi: (Zhang Shouqi) See Pei Mian, Shaanxi. Chu Jun shouted:' Bow! Can you help each other when you are in trouble? "
3. It means bondage and depression.
Tang Bai Juyi's poem "Zhu Chencun": "It is a big mistake to believe this." Qing Gong Zizhen's Preface to Anti-Prayer: "Writing two chapters of poetry will fetter future generations." Sun Yat-sen's A Difficult Record of London: "Although the shackles of China people are extremely fierce, their natural spirit and deep wisdom are indelible."
2. Nunu's Chinese Pinyin and its explanation.
Pinyin: chch
Athena Chu.
Synonym: hesitation
Dialect: Guangfeng, Jiangxi: Mimi Street (qi 1 qi 1 chu4 chu4), with slow action and slow response.
Citation interpretation
Walk slowly; For example:
① Stroll across the crossing and embark on the beach boat. -Li Zhi's view on the rise
(2) I dropped out of school and I am in dysprosium. -Selected Works of Pan Yue and Shooting Pheasants in the Western Jin Dynasty: You can walk slowly or stay in the middle.
(3) Dissatisfied and not inclined, the fist can't catch the boss. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Answer to Zhou Junchao"
(4) walking disconsolate, intoxicated. -Zhao Qing's "Xiao Ting Zalu" Song Yanqing
But he didn't have much place to go, and he walked alone in the street. -Sha Ting's magnetism.
1972 Most people in Beijing walk slowly. Now they all ride bicycles, and some people have cars. -American Nixon's 1999: Winning without a Fight, translated by Wang Guansheng.
Wandering; For example:
In silence,
Cold, sad, melancholy. -Dai Wangshu's Rain Lane
Hesitant; For example:
If you want to stay dry, you must return to your heart. -Ming Yuan Hongdao's first play title
3. The first two sentences in Liu Zongyuan's Early Plum Blossoms describe the characteristics of plum blossoms. The whole poem is divided into two layers: the first four sentences praise things and the last four sentences express feelings.
"Early plums grow tall trees, reflecting Chu Tianbi." The pen is extraordinary and the gesture is abrupt.
Different from other flowers, jujube and plum blossom in the cold winter when all is silent, and "the flower falls and leaves alone" (Lin Bu's Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden). A word "hair" vividly shows the vibrant image of Jujube Sister with her head held high in full bloom in front of readers.
Its lofty and broad blue sky not only embodies the color of plum blossom, but also highlights its elegance and uniqueness. However, the word "Gao" in "Fa" borrows reality to write emptiness, suggesting that the poet is unconventional and superior to the times.
"The north wind floats in Ye Xiang, and first frost is vast and white" closely follows the harsh environment of plum blossom opening in the first two sentences, which shows the unique character of plum blossom. These two poems are similar to the quatrains in Lu You's Falling Plums, and they both praise the unyielding character of Plum Blossom's disdain for frost and snow.
In fact, the "new moon blowing" and "numerous frost" in the environment where Zaomei lives are the epitome of Liu Zongyuan's political environment. After the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation", Liu Zongyuan was demoted to a remote and backward southern wasteland, living a prisoner's life and being severely devastated physically and mentally.
In the face of repeated blows from decadent forces, he always sticks to his ideals and holds firm confidence. He said: "If you stick to the way of being a saint, you will learn from the big and medium. Although you were rejected, it is more important. " (Answer to Zhou Junchao's Longevity Book of Bait Medicine).