Introduction to the work
"Zai Chi" is an ancient poem in "Guo Feng" in "The Book of Songs". This is a political lyric poem. The poem is so touching not only because of the sincerity of the feelings it expresses, but also because of Mrs. Xu Mu's superb artistic expression skills. The poet chose the important theme of returning home to express condolences, cleverly arranged himself on the way back to the defense, and expressed his strong feelings through the description of the conflict with Dr. Xu, giving this lyric poem a specific character. Scenery and plot content. For more appreciation articles on the Book of Songs, please pay attention to the Appreciation Column of the Book of Songs on the Xigutang Chinese Studies Network.
Comparison of original text, translation and annotations
Translation and annotations of "The Book of Songs? Quanfeng? Zaichi"
Explanation: Mrs. Xu Mu thought that her motherland would be destroyed and could not save it. He went to Caoyi to express his condolences and lay out his plans for the founding of the country. When he went to Caoyi, he was blocked by Dr. Xu, who wrote poems to express his ambitions. Original translation text annotation Zai Chizai drive 1,
Return to express condolences to Marquis Wei 2.
Driving horses leisurely 3,
Talking about Cao 4.
Doctor trekking 5,
My heart is worried.
Neither is Wojia 6,
cannot be reversed.
Turn a blind eye7,
I think not far8.
If I don’t praise you, I can’t help you.
Turn a blind eye,
I can’t stop thinking 10.
Zhibi Aqiu,
Talk about his words 11.
Women are kind-hearted12,
They also have their own actions13.
Many people are especially 14,
Everyone is crazy about 15.
I walk in the wild,
Peng Peng Qi Mai 16.
Controlled by the big country 17,
Who is the ultimate 18 because of whom?
A gentleman,
There is no one without me.
What Bai Er thinks,
is not as good as what I think 19. He drove his light chariot at a fast pace, and went back to express his condolences to the Marquis Wei.
The road was far away with a whip,
It was not long before we arrived in Caoyi.
The official Xu Guo came on a long journey.
It made me sad to block my journey.
He actually refused to agree with me.
How could he return to Xu Land?
Compared with your bad intentions,
I miss Huaizong and his country.
He didn’t even agree with me,
He couldn’t cross the river to return home.
Compared with your bad intentions,
I love our country so much.
Climb high to the hill,
pick fritillaries to cure melancholy.
Women are gentle and caring,
Everyone has their own reasons and clues.
Everyone in the Xu Kingdom criticized me,
I was really arrogant and childish.
I walked slowly in the fields,
The ridges were densely covered with wheat.
If you want to go to a big country to make a report,
Who can you rely on for help?
Gentlemen of the Xu State,
Don’t be particularly grudged against me.
You have thought about it hundreds of times,
Why don’t I run it myself. 1. contains: auxiliary words. Chi, drive: Confucius said, "It's called galloping when a horse is running, and it's called driving when it's spurred on."
2. Condolences (yinyan): To express condolences to the family of the deceased. This is not only to mourn the Marquis of Wei, but also to express condolences for the peril of the country. Mao Zhuan: "Condolences for the loss of the country." Wei Hou: refers to Wei Dai Gongshen, the author's brother, who has died.
3. Youyou: distant view.
4. Cao: place name, Mao Chuan "Cao, Wei Dongyi".
5. Doctor: refers to Xu Chen who came to prevent Mrs. Xu Mu from going to the defense.
6. Jia: think it is good, praise.
7. Visual: Indicates comparison. Zang: Good, good.
8. Si: Worry. Far: get rid of.
9. Ji: stop.
10. Zhen (pronounced Bi): Same as "closed", blocked and blocked.
11. Language: language particle. Aqiu: There is a high hill on one side. 豱(sound mang2): Fritillaria. Picking locusts to cure diseases is a metaphor for trying to save the country.
12. Huai: nostalgia.
13. Action: refers to principles, principles, and means the way.
14. Xu people: People of Xu state. Especially: Blame.
15. Public: "all the people" or "end". 樨: Childish.
16. Peng (peng): lush grass.
17. Accusation: Go to sue, go to sue.
18. Cause: closeness, dependence. Ji: Arrival, referring to the arrival of helpers.
19.: Go, refers to action.
F-054 Zai Chi
Zai Chi drove back to express his condolences to the Marquis of Wei. Driving the horses leisurely, talking about the water. The doctor is trudging, but my heart is worried.
If you don’t like me, you can’t turn against it. I don't care about you, I can't think far away. If you don’t praise me, you can’t help me? I can't stop thinking about you.
Zhibi Aqiu, his words pick up his grasshopper. Women are kind-hearted and have their own ways of doing things. Many people are particularly mean and crazy.
I walk in the wild and enjoy the wheat. Controlling a big country, who is responsible for whom? A great gentleman has nothing to do with himself. What Bai Er thinks is not as good as what I think.
Notes
1. Zai: Ju?Nai?, pronouncing words.
2. Condolences (彦y?n): Whenever there is a funeral, it is called "condolences" to express condolences to the living, and it is also called "condolences" to express condolences to someone who has lost his country. Wei Hou: refers to Wei Wen Gong.
3. Youyou: Long appearance, describing the long road.
4. Cao (ancient pronunciation: Ruchou): See the chapter "Drumming". After the fall of Chaoge, the old capital of Wei State (in the northeast of Qi County, Henan Province today), Duke Huan of the Song Dynasty settled the remnants of Wei State here. Not far away: not far away.
5. Doctor: refers to the ministers of Xu State who came to Weiguo to persuade Mrs. Xu Mu to return to the country. The following sentence means that all the officials have come from afar to come here, which inevitably makes me more worried.
6. Both: finished. Jia: Good. It’s not my opinion: it means that everyone doesn’t take my opinions seriously. Mrs. Xu Mu's idea was to unite the big powers (especially Qi) to help defend against Di.
7. Rebellion: Turn around and promise the country. The above two sentences mean that even if you don't agree with my proposition, I can't go back.
8. Visual: ratio. Zang: Good. The following sentence means that compared with your unwise opinions, aren't my considerations far-reaching?
9. Ji: stop.
10. 韖(必b?): Same as 毖(必b?), be cautious.
11. Aqiu: A mountain with high sides and a low center is called Qiu. If one side is higher, it is called "Aqiu". This may be the name of the hill in Weiguo.
12. 豔(Mong m?ng): A borrowed word of 蔔(Mong m?ng)?, now known as Fritillaria, a medicinal plant belonging to the Liliaceae family.
13. Kindness: being sentimental and susceptible.
14. Line: road. Everyone has his own way: that is, everyone has his own reason.
15. Especially: to complain or blame.
16. Everyone is crazy and crazy: everyone refers to many people. 牉 (to zh?): To be naive, to teach arrogance. The author accuses those Xu people who despise women's opinions and are self-righteous as being arrogant and arrogant.
17. Peng Peng (peng p?ng): lush vegetation.
18. Accusation: Go to court.
19. Because: close. Extreme (pronounced as urgent j?): It means urgent. Urgent concern and timely assistance for other people's disasters are called being in a hurry. This sentence means that whoever has a blind date with our country will be worried about our country.
20. None: Same? No?. Without me there is You (You, ancient pronunciation Ruyi): That is to say, don’t think that I have anything to blame.
21. It: Go. The last two sentences mean that hundreds of your ideas are not as good as my own decision.
Explanation and original text
After the Wei State was destroyed by the Di people, with the help of the Song State, the survivors settled in Caoyi and established a new king, Duke Dai of Wei. Soon, Duke Dai died and Duke Wen died. Lady Dai Gong's sister, Mrs. Xu Mugong, came to Caoyi from the state of Xu to express her condolences and asked for help from the great powers for the plan to defend the country. Xu Guoren did not support her actions and had been complaining about her, opposing her, and blocking her. She expressed her resentment in this poem.
Today's translation by Yu Guanying
The wheel is turning fast and the horse is not stopping, rushing back to the motherland to express condolences to my brother. The car ran a long distance and arrived at Caoyi, the land of the motherland. The doctors took great pains to come here, but I couldn't help but feel hesitant.
Even if you all say something bad about me, you can't turn me around. Compared to your unwise ideas, don’t I have a far-sighted vision?
Even if you all say something bad about me, you can't stop me from moving forward. Compared to your unwise ideas, aren't my considerations prudent?
Climb up the high hillside of Aqiu and pick some caladiums on the hillside. Even if a woman is sentimental, everyone has her own way. The people of Xu State complained endlessly about me. These people are really arrogant and mad.
I was walking in the suburbs of my motherland, and there was a thick green wheat field. I want to complain to the great powers about the national calamity, and whoever has a blind date with me will come to the rescue.
All noble officials, please stop complaining and calling me ridiculous! You just have thousands of ideas, which are not as good as the direction I decide on my own.
Vernacular translation
I want to drive the horse away and return to the country to pay tribute to the marquis. We rode a long way to get to the head of Caocheng. The doctor came after a long journey, and his life returned to his heart.
You are neglecting me and making it difficult for me to return home. You are very unkind and it makes me think endlessly. You are neglecting me and preventing me from returning to Jishui. You are very bad and make me think hard.
Climbing a high hill, Fritillaria is on the top of the mountain. Women are homesick for all valid reasons. The people of Xu state blame me, they are really frivolous.
When I walked in the fields, the wheat seedlings were fat and strong. I want to ask a big country, who can help me? My lords, please don't blame me. I have thought about my country a thousand times, but it is difficult to return to my country as I wish.
For more articles on appreciation of the Book of Songs, please pay attention to the Appreciation Column of the Book of Songs on the Xigutang Chinese Studies Network. ()
Explanation
Read "Zai Chi"? Also talk about Mrs. Xu Mu, the first female poet in the history of Chinese literature
Author: Pan Xiaolong
In the history of Chinese literature, Mrs. Xu Mu can be called the first female poet to have a famous book. "Zai Chi" is an immortal poem full of patriotic passion written by her.
Mrs. Xu Mu is the daughter of Wei Xuanjiang and the wife of Duke Mu, the king of Xu State, so she is called Mrs. Xu Mu. Wei Yigong ignored the government affairs and only focused on raising cranes. He even absurdly let the cranes ride in a carriage that could only be used by officials. In 660 BC, the Di people attacked the guards and the generals fought. The people of the country who received armor all said: "Shihe!" He really has a salary and position, how can I fight? ?The separation of his human heart can be seen here. The Di people defeated the Wei army in Xingze and killed Wei Yigong. Duke Huan of the Song Dynasty led his troops overnight to take over the defeated 5,000 people of the Wei Dynasty from the Yellow River. They settled in Caoyi and made Dai Gong, the son of Wei Yigong, king. In the second year, Duke Dai died and Duke Wen ascended the throne. His half-sister, Mrs. Xu Mu, in the precarious moment of the motherland, ignored the obstruction of Xu's monarch and ministers, resolutely returned to the defense, condolences to the monarch,① and appealed for rescue from the big states that sympathized with the country. Therefore, Duke Huan of Qi sent Prince Wu Kuai with 300 chariots and 3,000 soldiers to help the guards defend Caoyi. Later, he united the princes and moved the Wei capital to Chuqiu, so that the Wei country could be destroyed and revived. The poem "Zai Chi" was written when Mrs. Xu Mu returned to Caoyi to express condolences to Duke Wei Wen. This tragic and touching patriotic poem was widely recited at the time and was included in the Book of Songs "The Wind". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled "Biography of Ancient Women" and wrote a biography specifically for Mrs. Xu Mu, praising her for her "kindness and far-sightedness".
"Zai Chi" begins with "Zai Chi driving and returning to mourn the Marquis of Wei". From the beginning, readers are brought into that turbulent era of frequent wars. Zai, a auxiliary word, can be interpreted as ?and?. Chi means to drive a horse in a hurry. A carriage came quickly, the road was dusty, and the anxious poetess appeared amidst the sound of horses neighing and carriages honking. Why was she in such a hurry and impatient? ?Return to condolences to the Duke of Wei? One sentence clarified the whole story: the motherland suffered a disaster, and she was going to mourn her brother Wei Wengong! ?Driving the horse leisurely, talking about the water? ?Longyou not only refers to the distance of the road, but also reveals the depth of sorrow and worry in the heart of the female poet. Words, me. Cao is the city of Cao where Duke Wen of Wei lives. Cars and horses were galloping on the road, and the journey was so long! Finally, Caoyi was looming in sight. How excited the poetess must be at this moment! In just four sentences, the narrative is not only clear and the scene is picturesque, but it is also urgent, jumpy and full of rhythm.
Readers can not only hear the sound of flying horse hooves and rolling wheels, but also feel the excited pulse and heartbeat of the female poet. However, things suddenly changed: "The doctor trudged, but I was worried." Xu Guo's doctor trudged across mountains and rivers to convey the king's order and did not allow Mrs. Mu to return to Weiguo! The sadness of the country's subjugation has already filled the female poet's mind, and now she is being obstructed by the monarchs and ministers of the Xu Kingdom. How can she not be in grief and feel uncontrollable anger and anger? The poem then moves into chapter two.
If you don’t like me, you can’t turn against it. I don't care about you, I can't think far away. If I don't praise you, I can't help you. I can't stop thinking about you.
This chapter is Mrs. Xu Mu’s righteous answer to the doctor’s obstruction. Chia, permission. Xuan means to turn around. View, display. Zang means to hide, to hide. 韟 means to close, meaning to stop. The kings and ministers of Xu State all oppose the return of the poetess to the army. What should we do? If you insist on returning to the defense, you will be violating the emperor's order; if you turn around and return to Xu, where will your motherland be in danger? The poetess struggled fiercely and thought. The strong patriotism made Mrs. Xu Mu firm up her determination to return to the defense. She quickly made a decision: "Even if you don't agree, I can't get back to Xu Mu!" Let me tell you without any secret, my thoughts cannot be far away from my motherland! Even if you all don't agree, I can't get back in the car and cross the river. I want to tell you clearly and without a doubt that I cannot stop missing my motherland! ?This chapter introduces character language into the lyricism and turns it into a face-to-face answer. The poet uses parallelism, four sentences at a time, and spreads out the results of his inner struggle like a torrent, which is unstoppable. And "neither" nor "cannot" is only two sentences, and in the change of tone, the poetess's determination to not yield to the emperor's orders and to return to the defense is expressed resolutely. "Looking at You" and "I Thinking" vividly reproduce the scene of the face-to-face struggle between Mrs. Xu Mu and Dr. Xu Guo.
The poem entered the third chapter, the blocked carriages and horses started galloping again, and Mrs. Xu Mu left Doctor Xu behind and walked away. After the above-mentioned fierce conflict, can the female poet's heart be stable? Of course not. ?Zhibi Aqiu, his words reflect his brilliance? This is revealed in two sentences. Zhi, Deng. Aqiu, a high hill. The word "豱" is a pseudonym for "莔", which refers to Fritillaria. It is said that it can cure depression. The danger of the motherland made the poetess anxious; the obstruction of Xu Guojun and his ministers added a lot of resentment. She wished she could climb high hills and collect caladiums to cure her depression. But during the rapid driving, Mrs. Xu Mu naturally would not actually implement it. Therefore, the two sentences "Zhi Bi Aqiu" are just using Bixing to express the heavy depression in the poet's chest. Is it because she is a woman that she is particularly sentimental? No woman is kind-hearted, and everyone has her own way of doing things. Many people are particularly concerned about this, and the poet clearly points out that women have their own reasons for being emotional. The reason why she was so depressed and angry was entirely caused by the obstruction of Xu Guojun and his ministers. They actually regard their patriotic actions as faults and blame them. They are really a group of childish and arrogant people who do not understand the true meaning of justice! If, in the second chapter, the poetess only expressed her true feelings to Dr. Xu in a righteous manner, then in this chapter, she was filled with resentment and finally made the poetess utter a passionate rebuke. The emotion of the whole poem was pushed to a climax.
I walk in the wild and enjoy the wheat. Controlling a big country, no matter who is responsible for it. A great gentleman has nothing to do with himself. What Bai Er thinks is not as good as what I think!
This is the last chapter of "Zai Chi". The chariots and horses finally entered the wilderness of Weiguo. The poetess's heartstrings, which were tense with anger, gradually relaxed. "I go wild" two sentences, with a soothing rhythm and fresh pictures, convey the joy and joy of the female poet's mood. The motherland that I care about day and night has arrived, and what comes into view is such green and lush wheat fields! The deep love for the motherland ripples in the heart of the female poet. We can imagine that at this moment, she must be in tears and unable to control herself! A bold plan sprouted in her heart. She wiped away her tears and finally decided: "I am going to make a statement to the big powers and get their assistance." Whoever is close to Weiguo will go there! ?If you do this, won’t you be considered a sin by the kings and ministers of Xu State? Our female poet shouted loudly: "O noble gentleman of Xu State, don't think that I have done anything wrong again!" What a hundred of you think about is nothing compared to the correct path I have chosen! ?Such confident words show Mrs. Xu Mu’s profound knowledge. The four sentences of "Great Man and Gentleman" use the "calling" technique, the language is sonorous, firm and powerful, and has a strong appeal. This is the fervent cry from the heart of a patriotic woman. This is an unshakable oath determined to save her motherland from danger! Hundreds of Chengxuan officials in the Xu Kingdom could only sit back and watch in fear when their in-laws' country was in danger. However, among the women, they made such an extraordinary voice, which was really inspiring and made men look at them. ! No wonder Mrs. Xu Mu wrote a poem called "Zai Chi", in which Duke Huan of Qi, the overlord of the East, immediately sent his son Wu Kuai to defend the country (see "Zuo Zhuan? The Second Year of Min Gong"). Was he also moved by the poetess' deep patriotism?
As a political lyric poem, "Zai Chi" is so touching not only because of the sincerity of the feelings it expresses, but also because of Mrs. Xu Mu's superb artistic expression skills. The poet chose the important theme of returning home to express condolences, cleverly arranged himself on the way back to the defense, and expressed his strong feelings through the description of the conflict with Dr. Xu, giving this lyric poem a specific character. Scenery and plot content.
Although the conflict caused by Xu Guo's unreasonable obstruction only appears in one or two chapters, the emotional waves it aroused surge throughout the entire poem. It's like a huge boulder thrown into the already unstable river. The indescribable sadness, resentment and concern for the fate of the motherland in the poetess's heart were vividly expressed. The heroine's foresight, patriotic affection for the fate of the motherland, and her strong character that will never give up until she achieves her goal are more clearly highlighted in contrast to the short-sightedness, arrogance, selfishness, and cowardice of the Xu Kingdom's monarchs and ministers. out. In terms of writing style, the poetess constantly changed sentence patterns to adapt to her emotional relaxation and ups and downs when she drove her horse back to her country, encountered unreasonable obstacles and broke through obstacles, and entered the wilderness of her motherland. Some are murmuring or making statements; some are sighing or scolding; the soothing lyricism suddenly turns into an earnest call; in the middle, prose and arranged sentences are alternately used from time to time. This makes the whole poem like a tide, showing various swelling, flying, surging and ups and downs of momentum, impacting the readers' heartstrings one after another. Reading this poem, people can't help but feel anxious with the female poet about the danger of the motherland, indignant at the unreasonable obstruction, rejoicing at overcoming the obstruction, and full of hope at determining the plan to save the country.
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①Xu Mu Did the lady arrive in Caoyi? According to "Mao Preface", it seems that it failed to arrive. However, Wang Xianqian's "Collection of Poetry and Sanjia Yi" believed that she had returned to Caoyi. From the poem's "driving horses leisurely" and talking about "cao", it seems that Wang's theory is more relevant. The author's interpretation of the meaning of the poem is based on Wang's theory (what is recorded in "Zuo Zhuan" also coincides with Wang's theory).
Appreciation 2
According to "Zuo Zhuan, the second year of Min Gong (660 BC)": In the twelfth month of winter, the Di people attacked the Wei, and Wei Yigong liked cranes. There are those who are in Chengxuan, and they are about to fight, and those who have received armor from the country are all called "Shihe". ?When the Di people fought in Xingze, the defenders were defeated. ?When Weiguo was occupied by the Di people, Mrs. Xu Mu was so anxious that she rushed to Caoyi on a starry night to express her condolences for the peril of her motherland and wrote the song "Zai Chi".
Mrs. Xu Mu was nominally the daughter of Wei Xuangong and Xuan Jiang, but in fact she was the daughter of Wei Xuangong's son Gongzi Wan and Xuan Jiang's affair. She has two brothers: Dai Gong and Wen Gong; two sisters: Qi Zi and Mrs. Song Huan. According to previous research, she was born around the seventh year of King Zhouzhuang and the tenth year of Wei Huigong (690 BC). She died in the 21st year of King Zhou Hui and the fourth year of Wei Wengong (656 BC). She lived for about thirty-four years. age. At the age of 18, when Duke Xu Mugong and Duke Huan of Qi proposed to her, she thought of her motherland. Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty said in "Biography of Lienu, Benevolence and Wisdom Chapter": At the beginning, Xu asked for it, and Qi also asked for it. General Yi Gong talked to Xu, and his mother-in-law said: "Now Xu is small and far away, Qi is big and close." In today's world, the strong are the heroes. If there is an incident of banditry on the border, it is just because of the four directions. If you go to sue the big country, wouldn't it be better if you have me here? The Marquis of Wei refused to listen and married Xu. ?It can be seen that she has considered how to serve the motherland in the future when choosing a spouse. About ten years after she married Duke Xu Mugong, the Wei Kingdom was indeed destroyed by the Di people. Soon, her brother-in-law Song Huan Gong welcomed the refugees from Wei State to cross the Yellow River, totaling 730 men and women, plus 5,000 people from the two other cities of Hunan and Teng. He appointed Dai Gong in Cao Yi. Dai Gong died one month after he took the throne. Madam Min Wei died, and she rushed back to Caoyi to express her condolences to the Marquis of Wei. However, before she arrived, and the doctor Xu Zhi came after a long journey, Madam knew that he would be punished as if he could not return. I came to tell you that I wrote this poem to express my own meaning ("Collected Poems"). According to the two sentences "I travel in the wild, the crops are harvested", the poem was written in the late spring of the first year of Wei Wen (659 BC).
Mrs. Xu Mu is the first female poet in the history of Chinese literature and the first female poet in the history of world literature. According to the textual research of Wei Yuan of the Qing Dynasty's "Old Poems", in addition to this poem, there are two other poems "Spring" and "Bamboo Pole" written by him. Among them, "Zaichi" is the most ideological, which expresses strong contradictions and conflicts. Deep patriotism. The whole poem is divided into four chapters. Unlike "Tao Yao" and "Xiang Shu", the number of sentences and words in each chapter and even the meaning are basically similar. Instead, with each change, the thoughts and feelings are much more complex. The reason for this is that the author's narrative lyricism starts from real life and the inner conflicts caused by reality. Therefore, the form of poetry develops with the content, forming different languages ??and different rhythms.
The first chapter of the poem explains the skill. When the poet heard the bad news of the demise of the Wei Kingdom and the death of the Marquis of Wei. He immediately rushed to Caoyi to express condolences to his brother's family. But before she reached her destination, her husband Xu Mugong sent a doctor to travel across mountains and rivers to persuade her to stop moving immediately. In this situation, she felt extremely sad. This chapter first depicts the image of the poet galloping on horseback and his heroic appearance, and then unfolds a fierce conflict while being pursued by Doctor Xu Guo. If we have the experience of watching the Peking Opera "Xiao He Chasing Han Xin Under the Moon", it is not difficult to imagine the scene at this moment.
Realistic conflicts cause inner conflicts. After the above narrative, the second chapter begins to write about the poet’s inner conflicts. At this time, two main characters appear in the poem: you, referring to Dr. Xu Guo; I, Mrs. Xu Mu refers to herself. On the one hand, Dr. Xu Guo persuaded her to go back, but on the other hand, Mrs. Xu Mu insisted on going to the defense, which shows the fierce conflict. Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems" explains this chapter and says: "When the official arrives and he does not regard me as a good person, I will not be able to turn around and help him, so as to defend himself." Even though you don't think I'm good, I still can't think of myself.
?According to the poetic understanding, there should be two levels of meaning: the first four sentences are one level, which means that since you are not friendly to me, I cannot return to the country of Xu. Compared with you being so heartless, I will always miss my country. The last four sentences are the second level, which means that since you are unfriendly to me, I cannot cross the Yellow River to Weiguo. Compared with you who are so heartless, my feelings will not change easily. The poet is in this situation where he cannot go to the defense before and cannot return afterward. He is in a dilemma and is very contradictory. However, her love and hatred are very clear: she loves her natal family and her country; she hates Dr. Xu Guo and his behind-the-scenes commander Xu Mugong, who neither understand nor support her.
In the third chapter, the conflict is not as intense as before. The rhythm of the poem gradually slows down and the emotions gradually ease. Zhu Xi analyzed this chapter and said: "It is also said that since it is not suitable for health, the thoughts will not stop, so it is in Tu, or it can be raised to relieve worries and thoughts; or it can be collected to treat stagnation." ? ("Collected Poems") That is to say, the lady was prevented from being able to take care of herself, and her heart was full of worries. On the way, she sometimes climbed mountains to relieve her depression, and sometimes she picked the herb Fritillaria to treat the heart ailments caused by depression. The so-called "women are kind-hearted and have their own actions" means that as a woman, although she is sentimental, she also has her own principles of life. This principle is to care about the country that gave birth to her and raised her. The Xu people did not understand her at all and obstructed and blamed her. This only shows their ignorance, naivety and arrogance. This paragraph is written in a tactful and profound way, with twists and turns, as if giving a glimpse of her beautiful and painful heart. Playing with the ropes in detail is almost tear-jerking.
The fourth chapter writes about the wife’s thoughts on her way home. At this time, the wife was delayed in her journey, thinking about how to save her motherland along the way. "I am walking in the wild, picking up wheat", indicating that it is late spring, and the wheat seedlings are green and growing vigorously. At this moment, the poet is wading into the wheat, and hurting himself because the country is small and unable to save it. Therefore, he wants to accuse the big country for it, but he doesn't know where it will end up. ? ("Collected Poems") The so-called "controlling the big states" refers to reporting to Qi the situation of the Di people destroying the guards and asking them to send troops, but the poet could not think of any way to achieve his goal. Both scenery and emotion are described here. The double painting of scenes seems to let people see the image of the poet walking slowly. Compared with the galloping in Chapter 1, it obviously shows a different rhythm and different emotions. And this difference is completely based on life. When Gai first came, he was so anxious because he heard the news of the death of Wei, and he was so anxious that he had no time to look around; but after being blocked by Dr. Xu, his ambition to serve the country was difficult to fulfill, and his heart was heavy, so he acted slowly. , seeing the waves of wheat in the fields is like the poet's ups and downs of heartbeat. This poem is really amazing!
The last four sentences are often included in another chapter in some books, which is not unreasonable. However, they remain the same and are often combined with the first four sentences into one section. This seems more reasonable. These four sentences should be taken as a continuation of the past, saying that on the way back home, the wife wanted to ask for help from the state of Qi, but failed, and at the same time she was resentful of Dr. Xu who discouraged her. Here, the "Book of Poetry" explains: "A doctor refers to a senior official who travels on a journey; a gentleman refers to all people in the Xu Kingdom." ? Sir, you don’t think I have any fault. Although I am living in various places, it is better for me to be healed by giving my best. ?According to this explanation, it echoes the first chapter: "The doctor is trekking, but my heart is worried". Although the literal meaning is "I am not the only one", in essence, it should be that she was resentful of Dr. Xu for not allowing her to serve as a military official. To put it bluntly, the tone is euphemistic, which embodies the "gentle and honest" purpose of the "Book of Songs". The last two sentences express the lady's self-confidence, meaning that even if those great men and women have thousands of clever strategies, they are never as good as my rescue strategy. The word "" that I refer to as "", if interpreted as a verb, means a trip to the Kingdom of Wei or the Kingdom of Qi; there are also those who teach it as "思", which refers to the idea of ????my wife. No matter which explanation is given, it reflects that Mrs. Xu Mu is a person with strong opinions, and her ambition to save the country and her patriotism are unswerving.
The whole poem ends abruptly, but it leaves endless poetic meaning for readers to chew on and reflect on. It is really full of words but not full of meaning, which makes people sigh three times! (Xu Peijun)