Guo Yun
Fu Bixing is three artistic expressions in poetry creation, especially Bixing is a unique figure of speech in poetry. Let's briefly analyze the performance of the ratio. The so-called comparison is analogy, which is a simple way. In Zhu's words, "using something other than this" is inseparable in principle. Bixing was collectively called metaphor in history. Such as: "Guan Guan Luo Yu, in Hezhou. My fair lady, a gentleman is good. " Although this sentence has played an emotional role, it also implies a slim, beautiful, virtuous girl with pigeon virtue. But contrast and prosperity are still different. Metaphor is the most frequently used in poetry expression. It is precisely because of the use of metaphor that poetry is full of vitality and beauty, sentences can be euphemistic and implicit, and a poem can be lingering and meaningful. Such as the poem "As a bodhi tree, my heart is like a mirror." Taking the bodhi tree and the mirror platform as hostages, the scene blends with each other, which means endless. But how to use analogy is a complex problem, which theory can't do. On the one hand, with the development of the times, the extension and connotation of comparison are getting richer and richer. This proportion can be seen almost everywhere in the Book of Songs, but compared with Li Sao, Li Sao has made great progress. The metaphor in The Book of Songs is dull, simple and static, and its vehicle and emotion are almost stuck together, but not integrated. For example, in Plum Blossom: "Plum Blossoms are actually seven. Please don't delay my young people's good day. Plums fell to the ground with only three branches. Begging me to learn, I am today. " Use ripe plums as a metaphor for a grown-up girl, and the young man will come after me quickly. However, the scene of foreign objects is not affected by emotions, and it is an independent thing in itself. Li Sao is different. For example, "the cleanliness of the past three times is where all the fragrance lies." Mixing with peppers and mushrooms is a shame. "The vehicle in the sentence: Zhong Fang, Shen Jiao, Gui Jun and Hui Hong, which are both scenery language and emotional language, are almost indistinguishable from the vehicle. This gives foreign objects an emotional color. Language image is euphemistic, artistic conception is lofty and meaningful. If Confucianism laid the first cornerstone for Bi Xing, then the development and application of Bi Xing's artistic techniques in Chu Ci set the first milestone for later generations.
The extension of ratio is very wide: for example, metaphor (Ming ratio, metaphor, metonymy), analogy, metonymy, contrast and so on. Are the categories of ratios. The forms of ontological vehicles and metaphors are different. It is precisely because of the complexity of comparison that it is more difficult to write and read poems. Metaphor, in particular, is not directly related to the scenery described, but hidden outside the metaphor, and ontology and vehicle are often separated. For example, a poem written by Tang uncle and monk Decheng: "thousands of feet's silk hangs straight, and waves fluctuate." Shui Han fish don't eat at night. The fully loaded spacecraft will return to the moon with no load. "The scene described by Zen Buddhism is a fishing process, and its essence is an extremely profound philosophical metaphor for Buddhist enlightenment.
The correct use of figurative figures of speech directly reflects the poet's creative ability and is also an important basis for judging the quality of a poem. To use figurative rhetoric, we must first accurately grasp the relationship between vehicle and ontology. Liu Xie said: "Writing is attached to meaning, and talking is a matter of breaking things." Cutting things is very important, and Liu Xie emphasizes cutting things very much. He said: "customs are different, so empresses have virtue;" Pigeons are loyal, so women are just. It is undoubtedly foreigners who take advantage. " Emphasize that it cannot be abused. Secondly, metaphor should follow the conventions and principles recognized by readers and poets. Authors and readers should build bridges through correct metaphors, and introduce readers into your artistic conception, which conforms to the same aesthetic concept. Wang Yi's Preface to Li Sao said: "Li Sao is interesting in poetry and has analogy. Therefore, good birds and wonderful grass are worthy of loyalty; Bad birds are on a par with smelly things. " That's the truth. Never be obscure. Metaphor is to make the works more dynamic, dynamic and aesthetic. The poet's complex psychological emotions are entrusted to things, such as things, which simplifies the visualization of complex emotions. If it is too obscure, it will be counterproductive.
In short, we should unify inheritance and development, and combine tradition and creation. Clever and flexible use of metaphor can make "things are yue Hu, combined into one, and have endless fun", which can bring rich meanings and profound meanings to poetry, enhance the aesthetic feeling of poetry, and express meanings and feelings beyond images.