A hard trek
You walk, walk, walk all the time, thus separating your life from mine.
Since then, you and I have traveled thousands of miles, I am in heaven, and you are in heaven.
It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, and we'll be safe!
North Malaysia is still attached to the north wind, south birds fly north, and nest in the south branch.
The longer they are apart, the wider they become and the thinner they become.
Clouds cover the sun, and wanderers ignore it.
Just because I want you to age me, another year will soon end.
Don't give up donations, try to add meals!
Nineteen Ancient Poems was first seen in the anthology of poems by Xiao Tong, Prince Zhaoming of Liang Dynasty in Southern Dynasties. Often compared with the Book of Songs.
In the field of ancient poetry in China, there are two different literary language systems. Friends who have listened to our previous columns in The Book of Songs and Songs of the South all know that most of these 300 poems are works sung by the people, and their authors are unknown, and Songs of the South is almost a model of the works of famous literati such as Qu Yuan and Song Yu.
These two systems existed independently for three or four hundred years in the Han Dynasty, and it was not until Nineteen Ancient Poems appeared that they merged into one. Throughout the Han Dynasty, there were no great poets except Sima Xiangru, only unknown Yuefu and ancient poems.
So what is the "Han Yuefu" that we often talk about?
"Yuefu" is actually a government agency in the Han Dynasty, which is responsible for collecting folk poems and matching them with music. This is also the main source of Yuefu songs. These folk poems spread to later generations and were collectively called "Han Yuefu".
The "ancient poems" in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" we want to talk about here generally refer to those poems that have been circulating for a long time and it is difficult to determine the specific age and author. "Yuefu" and "ancient poetry" are actually similar, but the musical meaning is different. For example, when an ancient Yuefu poem lost its title, we had to classify it as "ancient poetry".
This 19 poem in Nineteen Ancient Poems is a lyric work that laments life. The exact date and author cannot be verified. Although some people have always put forward some conjectures that some of them are the works of Mei Cheng, a writer of the Western Han Dynasty, there is no definite evidence. At present, it can be roughly speculated that these 19 poems are all works before Jian 'an in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Nineteen Ancient Poems is an independent article in every capital, but together they have the same theme of the times, including injustice and injustice, sadness and anguish. Among them, "wandering" and "thinking about women" constitute two basic contents. The work we read today, Walking and Walking Again, is to think about women's words.
The whole poem consists of 16 sentences, which is divided into two parts. The first six sentences are from "leaving again" to "meeting each other safely", and the last ten sentences are from "Humayi north wind" to "trying to add food". There are two overlapping words in the first sentence, and the word "heavy" is added to the word "heavy", which means that the journey is long and endless, corresponding to the words "Wan Li" and "the day is short". In that era of underdeveloped transportation and communication, for a wanderer, leaving his hometown in this way is almost equivalent to where you will go.
The word "parting" is a popular idiom in ancient times, which means parting forever. Friends who have heard Nange probably remember a sentence in Nine Songs Less Life, that is, "Don't be sad, be sad, be separated, be happy, be happy and get to know each other". Parting and meeting are actually a two-sided problem. Since the other party has been away from home in Wan Li for a long time, why not go to see him? Five or six sentences in the poem give the answer: "The road is long and Xiu Yuan is awkward, and there is nothing wrong with each other!" In the Book of Songs, there is a saying that "the white dew is frost; The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Follow it back, the road is blocked and long, follow it back, and it will come naturally. " The road is blocked and long "means that the distance between two people is Qian Shan, which is not only dangerous, but also unpredictable, so it is even more impossible to meet.
"Humayi is in the north wind, crossing the south branch of the Bird's Nest" is a common metaphor in ancient ballads. Huma was born in the north, and birds come from the south. One is watching the north wind, and the other is building a nest in the south branch, both of which are manifestations of missing home. Although "meeting is safe", I still can't stop thinking about each other, just like a bird. These two sentences also have the meaning of connecting the preceding with the following in the whole poem. Imagine, things are like this, how can people be inferior So that in the next four sentences, "the day is far away, and the clothes are slow." Clouds cover the sun, and wanderers ignore the opposition. Under the long-standing mood, there will naturally be the idea of "clouds covering the sun." Time flies, but the person I miss never comes back. Secondly, "I miss you and make you old, and the years are getting late."
In the eight sentences from Humayi Beifeng to Time waits for no one, Humayi, Moonbird, Yun Yun and Youzi are all written by people far away from home, which is empty writing; The pictures, clothes, missing you and years are all written by the thinking woman who lives alone in an empty boudoir, and they are all true. This kind of writing style of "one solid and one virtual" widens and deepens the yearning of both sides. Finally, poetry returned to the state of reality. "Don't give up donations and try to add meals." Probably trying to comfort a woman. What's the use of talking about these lovesickness pains? Anyway, the person who is thinking neither listens nor answers. "Adding meals" was the most commonly used sentence to comfort others at that time. This is the master. I hope the other party can take good care of themselves and see you tomorrow.
Music of this issue: Dayao Sunset-Yu Changxian
Cai Yun-Yu Changxian
The second song "Grass by the Green River"
Grass by the green river and willow in the dark garden.
Yingying is a woman upstairs with eyes as bright as windows.
E-E's pink makeup makes her hands delicate.
I used to be a prostitute, but now I'm a slut.
It's hard to stay in an empty bed without going home.
As I said before, this 19 ancient poem was written in the Han Dynasty and is a representative work of Yuefu poetry in the Han Dynasty. Yuefu poetry is used to sing, so the words are plain and elegant, without too much modification, just like the singer uses euphemism in his voice to explain those embarrassing stories. Therefore, Liu Xie called nineteen ancient poems "the crown of five words" in Wen Xin Diao Long.
Nineteen ancient poems, without names, were named after the first sentence of the poem for the convenience of description. Grass by the green river and willow in the dark garden. The first two poems describe the surrounding environment. It must be summer at this time. The grass by the river is green and the willows in the garden are thriving.
Then the camera turned and began to describe the hero of this poem. This is a woman with a light figure and a good face. She stood at the upstairs window, looking into the distance. Exquisite makeup and exquisite soft clothes make her beautiful and moving.
The writing techniques of Nineteen Ancient Poems are mostly vague, leaving a lot of room for imagination. This is different. Clearly pointed out the protagonist of this poem and the identity of the protagonist. She used to be a singer, but now she is married, but her husband is away all the year round and seldom goes home.
What is the woman's husband doing outside? Why can't he go home and reunite with his wife all the year round? There are different views on this point. Some people think that this is the way for officials to run around at the end of the Han Dynasty and men to find officials. Some people say that men are rich boys and like to travel everywhere; Some people say that when you go out to be a soldier, you can't go home all the year round.
None of these authors mentioned it, and they didn't seem to care. The whole poem shows us a woman who lives alone in an empty room. Facing the sight of vegetation withering year after year, she goes to Qiu Lai in spring and gets old. How can a woman not be sad when facing such a situation?
However, these feelings are not expressed in the poem. After pointing out her identity and situation, the poem came to an abrupt end. Only the phrase "it is difficult to be alone in an empty bed" can show a little trace of sadness, but in reality, sadness is also pale and powerless.
This is the characteristic of Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty, which reveals the despair and sadness of the disillusionment of literati's ideals in reality everywhere, but does not show untimely heartbreak, only a faint and lingering sense of powerlessness. And this kind of helplessness, it is easy to find * * * in people's hearts. Therefore, "Nineteen Ancient Poems" can stand out from the vast amount of ancient literature and become an enduring classic after time of elutriation.
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Spring-vegetarian research, spring garden-vegetarian research, bamboo flower-vegetarian research
The third song "Green Mausoleum on Cypress"
The green mausoleum is on the cypress, and Lei Lei is on the stone.
Life between heaven and earth is like a passer-by.
Drink and socialize, talk thick but not thin.
Driving a car, playing the game of Wanhe Luo.
Why are you depressed in Romania? The crown belt is self-contained.
Long winding paths lead to secluded and narrow lanes, and princes live first.
The two palaces are far away from each other, with a double gap of more than 100 feet.
This is a feast to entertain your mind, and you are forced by it.
As we said in the first program, most of the 19 ancient poems expressed their grievances, sadness and anguish. This song "On the Green Mausoleum and Cypress" expresses what a frustrated person saw and felt when he was playing in Luoyang.
The whole poem 16 clause. The first four sentences, writing about scenery and feelings, are mixed with reality. Nineteen Ancient Poems has an obvious writing technique, which is to make good use of overlapping words. For example, we are familiar with the "Cowherd Star, Jiao Jiao He Han Nv". There is also "the cypress on the mausoleum, Leilei stone". Green means that cypress trees will last forever, and Lei Lei and rocks will overlap for a long time. Qing is a mountain stream. These two sentences borrowed the scenery description to cause the following, that is, the common rhetorical device "Fu Bi's trip" in The Book of Songs. As far as color is concerned, the former sentence and the latter sentence focus on form, both to show that everything in the world is eternal. This is in contrast to the next two sentences. Because the poet later wrote that "life is like a passer-by", which means that life is short. Compared with the above-mentioned "cypress on the mountain" and "stone in the middle", the traveler is more meaningful than the traveler. He has been away from home for a long time and misses him deeply. Life is so fast and short that you can't even stop or look back. You can only go along this road until the end of your life. The first four sentences set a sad tone for the whole poem.
From the fifth sentence "fighting for wine and mutual entertainment" to the last "why bother?" All these are what the poet saw and felt when he visited Luoyang. "Fighting for entertainment, talking about strong or not", fighting for wine refers to a small amount of wine, which was originally very "thin", and here it is only used as a very "strong" wine to entertain itself. Why? Because the poet is a frustrated person, he went to Luoyang to play and even rode a "horse". "Fighting for wine" and "Ma Xu" are not symbols of powerful people. What is the real power? It's "Why is Luo Zhong gloomy, and the crown belt is self-contained". It's gloomy, describing the prosperity and indicating the lively weather in Luo Zhong. The crown belt is a symbol of official rank, and the ancient costume is a symbol used to distinguish identity, which means dignitaries here. "Self-help" means that nobles only associate with nobles, and civilians have no chance to get to know each other. The whole Luoyang city is "a long road and a lane, and the princes are the first homes." The two palaces are far away from each other, with a double gap of more than 100 feet. "Looking at the streets, it is the palace of princes and nobles, magnificent. The east and west palaces are far apart, and the watchtower in front of the palace is as high as 100 feet. Que is the watchtower in front of the palace, also called Guan. In such a prosperous Luoyang city, the poet has a sense of loneliness that "all this excitement has nothing to do with me". "Because of the difference between the rich and the poor and the identity gap he personally felt, he remained awake and powerless. Reminiscent of the impermanence of life, these bustling things pass by and I don't know when they will disappear. Therefore, the poet took pains to have fun, chatted with friends and entertained himself by drinking a few glasses of thin wine, and came to this bustling capital, but it was just a game world. It is precisely because of this boring feeling that the author wrote at the end: "The banquet is extremely entertaining and forced by sorrow and joy. "Are the dignitaries really happy at those extravagant banquets? No, they're probably still worried, right?
Throughout the poem, the author writes about the scene of Luoyang, from the bustling place, first, from the crown to the exchanges, second, from the winding streets and lanes, and third, from the magnificent palaces and houses, but it happened that it was covered with a layer of frustrated and impermanent background. Seeing his tall buildings rise from the ground and treat guests like guests, what can last as long as cypress trees on the mausoleum and thunder stones in the mountain stream? I can only feel that life between heaven and earth is like a passer-by.
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Wind-success is bright, and sunshine-success is bright.