Fool, my muse said to me: Go deep into your heart and start writing.
Philip? Sidney
/kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, the British literary world began to flourish, with a large number of new people and a number of literary masters. Like Philip? Sidnei, Edmund? Spencer, Walter? Rowley and others we can't talk about. Philip? Sidney devoted himself to poetry all his life, and he shaped his life with his pen and poetic personality image. His most heroic action on the battlefield was to leave him the last drop of water in front of a dying soldier who was shot. This feat can be compared with Roland or any legendary knight. No matter how credible Sidney's love for Stella who married someone else's wife is, it is at least an excellent romantic story, which further inspired Sidney to create the first English sonnet series "Artero Phil and Stella". The feelings in his short poems are quite sincere, and sincere feelings are the most important value in literature. Of course, sincere feelings are not all the importance of literature, and the ability to use language is also very important. Sidney wrote sonnets and made them a natural form of English poetry.
If Astro Boy and Stella did not directly inspire Sidney to write the sonnet series Love, then in fact Astro Boy and Stella also had an influence on some greater poets, even Shakespeare. What we should know is that sonnets were very popular at that time. Elegant gentlemen and professional poets are as keen on learning the creation of sonnets as they are on fencing. Some sonnets pay attention to form and have elegant format; While others are passionate masterpieces. We don't know whether the lover we sing really means something. Maybe it can be found in Sidney's poems, but it has always been an unsolved mystery in Shakespeare's poems. As far as I know, after Spencer and Shakespeare, the equally beautiful sonnets are Dryden's. Although Dryden was not in the theater, he left a lot of real poems to future generations, second only to Spencer of his time. There are not many beautiful and touching love poems like this. There is a song that goes like this:
Helpless, kiss goodbye to send feelings.
Another poet who writes beautiful poems is Samuel? Daniel. He wrote in a short poem:
Her beauty made him naturally reticent and opened his mouth!
Such a beautiful poem can make Daniel Coe comparable to Shakespeare.
Sydney was praised by Dryden as "the master of epigram prose". Sidney has two essays: Acadia and Poetry Debate. Although the latter is attached to the former, it is more important. Poetry debate is a beautiful essay, concise and clear, and catchy to read. It is one of the three or four pioneering works of English critical literature. It is a counterattack against the drama and poetry criticism of the critical school named Gao Sen. These small volumes reflect the literary situation at that time and the struggle of poetry to overcome all criticism and move towards the right path. An article that can be compared with Poetry Debate may have been influenced by it, and it is Weber's Collection of English Poetry. At that time, Putenheim's English poetics was more important and instructive than Sidney's. However, Sidney's prose is still the most beautiful. Although he died young, he was still a literary leader.
Let's take a look at Acadia from the prose and poetry of the late literary ancestor. Although there are many attractive paragraphs and chapters in this book, the structure is loose and procrastinating, and the materials are exquisite. As one of the romantic love stories, Xanadu caters to the times and escapes from reality. Perhaps this kind of material can only be used in poetry, and it is in line with our aesthetic taste to blend into poetic wonderland, just like Shakespeare adapted Lodge's Locharin into Desire, Lodge's own magical folk song. We can naturally accept the bizarre derailment of poetry, but we can't stand the strangeness and irrationality of prose. A typical example is Li Li's A Married Family, and the tension he created for the article is very ridiculous to us. However, once the brush strokes of poetry are contaminated, it is harmless, but it adds a lot of literary talent.
Those who say that "Wei Mao" style articles have had some bad influences on Shakespeare are actually ignorant of poetry and style. The content of "You Fu Yi" is unconstrained and unconstrained, and no author is envious. For British literati, it is natural to please the Queen or other women with gorgeous rhetoric and exquisite sentence patterns, just as they are as fluent as wearing lace collars, pink silk breeches, embroidered cloaks and swords inlaid with jewels. These are only brief explanations: why poetry is gorgeous, noble and often pretentious; Why prose is often superficial and grotesque. Prose here refers to romantic prose, because rational prose is serious, noble and reasonable. In a sense, all these are reflected in the debate between Acadia and poetry. The reasoning part in prose is firm, smooth and sound; The lyrical part is tempting, while the other part is as meaningless as the cake at the wedding.
English poetry is full of vigor and vitality. For example, the pastoral poems mentioned in the last chapter are so pure and natural that they remind us of the tune of the English oat flute or the voice of Zhu Dinghong. Think of herrick's lost prostitute named Irina Captier Lova. Spencer published The Shepherd's Diary on 1579, which is a great event in the history of English poetry. It announced the birth of a first-class poet, and the publication of short poems further confirmed this point. We often pay too much attention to the poet's masterpieces and ignore his small works, but this did not happen to Spencer or Milton. It is appropriate to put their names together, because no matter what other titles they have, they are unparalleled lyric poets.
Lyric poets have a lively rhythm, but they are good at expressing the grand universe with short quatrains. If a poet's greatness can be measured by the length of a poem, then a truly great poet must have a broad mind, be able to make a grand plan or plot, and incorporate all the love in lyric poetry into his own framework. Spencer is the first English poet to use wonderful concepts and techniques to deal with artistic themes after Chaucer. Spencer originally planned to write the excellent fable "The Fairy Queen" as 12 volumes, but only 6 volumes were written. Each volume of the fable describes the advantages of a knight, who symbolizes certain moral qualities, such as holiness, restraint, loyalty and so on. Perhaps we are not very interested in fabled romantic legends, and The Fairy Queen is too long, occupying two volumes in Everyone's series and 400 pages in Grob edition. So, it's not Ellen? Edgar Allan Poe believed that the length of a poem should be read in one breath. This is a great work, envied by Spencer's contemporaries and admired by all poets after him. Spencer was called "the poet among poets" by Lamb. One of the reasons is that the poet appreciates his productivity and the power contained in his poems; The rhyme of this poem was invented by Spencer, and later people called it "Spencer style". This form can make up for the boring content; Another reason is that Spencer has unparalleled talent in rhythm, rhythm and image. Even if you can't read the Fairy Queen (no one can read it except poets, scholars and textual research), as long as you open any chapter at will, you can meet a poem as bright as an ancient tapestry. Those "old intonation and outdated words" were criticized by his contemporaries, but they added a lot of color to his speech.
The top lyric poets of this era are really great poets, and this era is an era of popular folk songs. The Elizabethan and James dynasties, and even the whole seventeenth century (the first period directly entered the next period without interruption), were rich in music movements, and people simply could not dabble in them all. The richness, vividness and almost dazzling diversity of this era are hardly comparable to poetry and its developed19th century. /kloc-poets in the 0/9 th century turned to that era for support and inspiration. What is the secret? If we open the poetry collections or collections of this era, such as Florence in England, Famous Flowers in Modern England published by 1600 and herrick in England published in the same year, we can all enjoy beautiful chapters. The authors of some poems are not even known to everyone; When we turn to the scripts written by script writers or even second-rate figures, we will find that all poets can both write and sing on the stage. For the feast of lyrics (see herrick's poem Dedicated to Survival), let's open a modern anthology, which contains some excellent anthologies edited by editors with appreciation and identification, such as Professor Schelling's Lyrics in the Elizabethan Age and Its Companions in the Seventeenth Century, Abreu's English Tips and Brende's Songs of the Elizabethan Dynasty.
The most obvious feature of Elizabethan poetry is pure lyricism rather than narration, comedy, satire or warning, that is, its own singing, especially those lyric poems scattered in the drama are suitable for singing. Some lyric poems are written according to traditional melodies, while others are written according to new melodies. In some cases, poets are both experts in writing poems and playing the pipa. The most typical example of poets and musicians is Thomas? Campion. His four songs are both poems and music. He wrote all the poems and most of the music scores himself. Every poem can be used as lyrics, even if there is no music, it will have the feeling that the tune contains it. Strangely, the perfect singer despises his own songs. Equally strangely, he advocated writing blank poems. The most incredible thing is that he was completely forgotten by the world until modern scholars discovered him again.