It first appeared in hundred schools of thought's essays and was called "short fu"; Qu Yuan's "Sao Style" is a transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao Fu". The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty, which is called "Ci Fu". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose". In the Tang dynasty, it changed from parallel style to regular style, which was called "law fu"; In Song Dynasty, Fu appeared in the form of prose, which was called "Wen Fu". Famous Fu include: Fu of Epang Palace by Du Mu, Fu of Autumn Sound by Ouyang Xiu, Fu of Thousand Chibi by Su Shi, etc.
Characteristics of fu
The content focuses on writing scenery and expressing emotion through scenery. It is characterized by "taking the pool as the text, taking things as the text, taking ambition as the text" (taking literary talent as the text, taking things as the text), and arranging couples and decorating with algae is a major feature of Han Fu.
Grammatical and rhetorical requirements
First, the sentences are mainly four or six sentences, and the sentence patterns are patchy, pursuing parallel pairs;
Second, it requires harmony in phonology;
Third, pay attention to algae decoration and allusions in language.
Fourth, the rhyme of Fu is flexible, which can rhyme from sentence to sentence or from sentence to sentence. You can change rhymes often, so that you can be even and even. Master flexibly according to the needs of the author to write articles and make sentences. In addition, the opening sentence of a paragraph or the turning sentence in the text can not rhyme.
Fu pays attention to "writing ambition" while paying attention to "things". Since Fu is "writing ambition" through "things" in content, it is bound to pay attention to laying out details and describing the external image and internal reasons of things in artistic expression. Because of the emphasis on description and description, colorful words and colors are inevitably used in the language, which means "paving the way". In addition, Fu also attaches great importance to the beauty of phonology. It combines the prose style and sentence pattern with the rhythm and prosody of poetry, and forms a free, accurate, fluent and stagnant style with the help of long and short sentences, flexible rhymes and two-tone styles, which is not only suitable for the presentation of prose style, but also retains certain poetry. This is an important feature of Fu.
Parallel prose was greatly influenced by Fu, and matured in the Southern and Northern Dynasties compared with the Eastern Han Dynasty. Literati in Han Dynasty used a lot of parallel prose in their articles. So that some famous articles are regarded as parallel prose.
In addition to the initial stage of Chu Ci, Fu has experienced several stages, such as Sao Style Fu, Han Fu, Parallel Prose Fu, Rhythm Fu and Wen Fu, among which Han Fu has the greatest influence.
Fu Bixing is the most basic and commonly used three main expressions in The Book of Songs. Fu is to lay out the meaning of parallelism, which is equivalent to the rhetorical method of parallelism now. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu believed that "Fu is also a person who tells the truth".
How to write fu
In order to make everything in the world show gorgeous and wonderful effects, it is not necessary to use adjectives only to do this.
Therefore, while paying attention to developing a pair of good observation habits, we should also read more books, read more, and master basic knowledge such as rhetoric. In addition:
First, we should take a different view from others (find another way), observe the scenery carefully, and attach our own views (praise, sarcasm, expression of ambition, lament) to the "object" to be described.
Second, while observing, we should consider the language description of every detail (structural features) of the scene in our own mind, and strive to achieve accurate expression, gorgeous language and rhyming sentences.
Thirdly, the language description of the whole scene should be connected in series, so that the description is comprehensive, focused, rhetoric is gorgeous, easy to understand, and logic is rigorous and clear.
Fourth, the key point is to clarify your own views. Writing is not the purpose, and the key to the purpose of writing fu lies in expressing one's will through objects. There is no practical significance in not expressing one's opinions.
Fifth, when you start writing, you usually write in the order of observing the scenery. When you recall the memory of observation at that time, you can do it at one go! Finally, the essence of the topic-expressing one's views (expressing one's wishes).
Sixth, review: review in reading aloud; Ask the expert for advice and modification.
Example Qin
Hey hey hey! The Qinling Mountains are magnificent: natural hazards are divided into mountains, with different warm and sub-hot climates, different water systems in the north and south, high in the west and low in the east, magnificent mountains and rivers, and amazing animals. Tangquan Tang Tang cools off the summer heat, while streams gurgle to cool off the summer heat. Alas, the quietness of the temple on the top of the cliff can be regarded as the fusion of two worlds, the piety to the worship will and the guidance of the gods. I miss Hui Cangsheng in Qinling Mountains and the hot springs in Hu Yi. I feel very quiet, but I sing and sing.
Looking back on the past: Qingniu stepped into Hangu Pass, Taoist Temple preached the truth, Kun Li Louguan preached the classics, and Chongyang Quanzhen Taoist Ancestral Court. Xiyue Mountain is an eternal tribute, and Taiyi Palace is in Nanwutai; Lantian South used to wear Shang Yong, and Yuhua had a good reputation; The ancient meridian road leads to Ningshan, and Hei Hu Pass next to red river valley; Six out of Qishan, there are Kongming and Panxi fishing in Jiang Taigong; There are hundreds of Li Bai's drinking poems, and the everlasting regret song is beside the grass and black water. The imperial concubine bathes brightly, congealing fat and ice muscles. The flame of Mount Li began to smoke, and the country became a joke. It's too white and snowy in June, and the sea of clouds changes; Zige Guifeng shouyangshan, Suzaku Taiping settled in the county; Cuihua glen ice wind tunnel, dammed lake wave scale light and shadow; Qishan in Feng Ming flourished in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the Chinese Etiquette Week was passed down. There are many bamboos in front of the temple in Sean, and the incense is really flourishing at four seasons. Liu bang sneaked into Chencang, and Fengling fairyland was bright; Zhou Buddha plank road to Hanzhong, the city is fixed on the green orange garden hill; Yangxian county is geographically connected with Foping, which is rare and amazing for Zhu Shi. The empty city is set in Mianxian County, and the loyal soul is solemn in pines and cypresses; Lingyan Temple on the Jialing River, where beauties abandon boats and wash moles; Yang Shannan went out of Manchuan Pass and Danjiang rolled back; Shangzhou has native products, persimmons, walnuts and yam eggs; Huayin shouted loudly and lived in the mountains for a long time to drive away loneliness; Cut wages and burn charcoal to take the south end, burn incense and worship the Buddha water land temple; White marble comes out of Zhen' an, the shrine, and the landform is strange; The first emperor rested on the side of Mount Li, and was blessed for thousands of years. Huangdi toured Luonan, and Cang Xie made history.
Overlooking the Qinling Mountains, it stretches continuously and is spectacular, with criss-crossing gullies and myriad manners. Suddenly towering and the cliff is broken; I'm still on my stomach. The bow is round. Beautiful scenery, indigo dress, four seasons change, scenery infatuation; Rainy landscape, wet slope, beautiful, fresh and natural; In winter, it is snowy and messy, and it is suspected to be wrapped in cotton to resist the cold outside. Look carefully along the ditch, twists and turns, narrow or wide, boulders hanging in the air, a blue sky, thousands of cliffs, dangerous; Shady corridors, soothing habitats, rugged rocks and natural ancient stacks; Before the spring comes to the slope, the mountain flowers are brilliant, the flowers are clustered, the trees are towering and the trees are green; Summer lament, cool breeze, idle clouds, waterfalls, peace of mind; The golden autumn is spectacular, the layers of forests are dyed, the colors alternate, the wild fruits are dotted, and the infatuation is unforgettable; Reed flowers are withered, covered with snow, vast mountains and rivers, and the platform is shocking. Looking at the top ring, alpine meadows, winding waves and peaks; Eight hundred qinchuan, flat territory is infinite.
Kingfishers chirp, catfish croak, pronghorn Cleisthenes chirp, and crested ibis chirp. Rare pandas, golden monkeys, wild boar, black bears and squirrels are countless. Animals travel freely and birds fly in the forest. There is no idle grass in the mountains, so dig it to cure all diseases. Hua tuo stayed in the fairy path, and his grandson was destroyed.
Beautiful, Qinling Mountain: the father of China, endless, nourishing Tang Han; Long Mai Yaokungan, sustainable development, ecological health chain, seeking low carbon. Prosperous reunion in CoCo Lee, outing in the jungle. In the past, the plank road was really difficult and dangerous, but today it is easy to wear on the highway. On the edge of Qinling Mountain in Guanzhong Ring Road, amazing feats are smiling.
Fortunately, Guoan, the etiquette of home and country is at the end, Qinling moistens me, and carols give Nanshan.
April 20 13 13 is arranged in the Caolou.