A comparison between realistic literature and proletarian literature?

Realistic literature is the product of the establishment and development of capitalist system in western Europe. 1830 The "July Revolution" broke out in France, from which the French bourgeoisie gained a dominant position; 1832, Britain carried out parliamentary reform, and the dominance of the British bourgeoisie was further consolidated. These two major political events marked the establishment of the capitalist system in Western Europe. Under the influence of British and French capitalist forces, European countries experienced a historic transformation from feudal system to capitalist system. This special social, political and economic situation has a direct impact on literature and has become a decisive factor in the formation and development of realistic literature. Realism focuses on truthfully reflecting real life and has strong objectivity. It advocates observing the real life objectively and calmly, describing it accurately and delicately according to the original features of life, and striving to truly reproduce the typical characters in the typical environment. Literature and art in all countries in the world have realistic factors and characteristics to varying degrees from the beginning, and have developed and changed with social and historical conditions. In the field of literature and art, realism and romanticism have a long history. However, as a more conscious literary school, realism usually refers to a major literary trend of thought and movement that has replaced romanticism in European literature and art since the 1930s. The term "socialist realistic literature" and its definition were put forward by writers and theorists when the Soviet literary and art circles discussed the creative methods from 1932 to 1934, and were determined with the consent of Stalin. Regarding the definition of socialist realism, it was stated in the Constitution of the Soviet Writers Association adopted by the first writers' congress in the whole Soviet Union in 1934: "Socialist realism, as the basic method of Soviet literature and Soviet literary criticism, requires artists to describe reality truly and historically from the revolutionary development of reality; At the same time, the authenticity and historical concreteness of artistic description must be combined with the task of transforming and educating working people with socialist spirit. Socialist realism ensures that artistic creation has special possibilities to give full play to the initiative of creation and choose various forms, styles and genres. " Although the creative method of socialist realism was established in 1930s, its basic features were formed in the creative practice of some writers before it was established in theory. It is formed by history and has profound social and historical content. In Gorky's words, it appeared because "the facts created by revolutionary socialism have already existed" (Gorky spoke at the first writers' congress in the whole Soviet Union). What is directly related to socialist realistic literature is proletarian literature. Since the proletariat became an independent political force and stepped onto the stage of world history, the proletarian literature movement began. English chartist poetry, German proletarian poetry and French Paris Commune literature are the beginnings of proletarian literature. Generally speaking, socialist realistic literature was formed in the early 20th century, that is, after the 1905 Russian Revolution, and began with Gorky's creation of Mother and Enemy. /kloc-Proletarian poetry in the 0/9th century, including portal's Paris Commune literature, is only the bud of proletarian literature, and cannot be regarded as socialist realistic literature. Although scientific socialism was formed in the middle of19th century, which can scientifically demonstrate the historical regularity of the inevitable victory of socialism, the workers' movement in this period has just begun. Writers and artists associated with the workers' movement, because the workers' movement itself is still immature, can't paint a broad realistic picture of the whole era and social life associated with the workers' movement. To achieve this, only under the leadership of the proletariat, millions of people United for socialist ideology take action. In other words, socialist realism is associated with the mature stage of proletarian revolution. Only during the first Russian revolution did the situation and characteristics of this revolution exist. Gorky's novel Mother matured in the climax of the first Russian revolution. This work has a profound realistic foundation. Guided by the Marxist world outlook, the author truly shows the broad picture of Russian proletarian revolutionary struggle from the realistic revolutionary development, clearly shows the future prospect of this revolution, reveals the revolutionary torrent that runs through the whole social life through the description of the artistic image of revolutionaries, and establishes the belief that the socialist cause will surely win for workers. Here, Gorky used a different method from previous artists to solve the new problems raised by art in the new era, and the appearance of Mother marked the beginning of a new era in the history of world art. Gorky is recognized as the founder of socialist realistic literature.