The relationship between emotion and scene in ancient poetry is as follows:
1. The distance between scene and emotion (in Wang Guowei’s words, it means “separation” and “incompatibility”). From the perspective of "separation"), there are five types of relationships between scenery and emotion: touching the scenery to express emotions, borrowing scenery to express emotions, creating scenery based on emotion, embodying emotion in the scenery, blending scenes, etc.;
2. From the relationship between scenery and emotion From the perspective of emotional color, there are the following four relationships between scenery and emotion: happy scenery is used to describe happiness, happy scenery is used to describe sadness, sad scenery is used to describe happiness, and sad scenery is used to describe sadness.
Emotions arise from scenes, and scenes are combined with emotions. The two generate and penetrate each other, and thus achieve a state of seamless integration. This is the so-called "situation blending". One is that the scene described is consistent with the author's emotion, that is, the happy scene is used to describe the joy and the sad scene is used to describe the sorrow, which is a positive relationship;
The other is that the described scene is inconsistent with the author's mood. , that is, using happy scenes to describe sadness, and using sad scenes to write happy emotions, which is a contrasting relationship and can double the sadness or happiness.
Extended information:
1. Dimension of distance between scene and emotion
1. Touching the scene to create emotion
Du Fu's "Ascending" : "The wind is strong, the sky is high, the apes are screaming in mourning, and the white birds are flying back from the clear sands of Zhug. The endless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in. The sad autumn of thousands of miles is a frequent guest, and a hundred years of illness is the only one on the stage. Hardship and hardship hate the frost on the temples, and the new life is ruined. "The wine glass stopped."
The first couplet highlights the desolate features of autumn, and the scenery is full of emotion. The couplet has a broad vision and describes the geographical characteristics of Kuizhou Mountain City. "Touching the scenery" is both specific and macro-general. The neck couplet describes his own situation - "a guest thousands of miles away" and "suffering from many illnesses for a hundred years".
The last couplet writes about the emotions evoked by the bleak autumn, the vast landscape and one's own situation - "hardship, bitterness, hatred" and "down and out". As far as the scenery is concerned, the desolate and remote mountain city in late autumn, when thousands of trees are falling, originally has a depressing and desolate atmosphere.
This situation is integrated and expanded with Du Fu's own "old", "sick" and "difficult" situation, making the pathos more intense. The artistic conception of the whole poem is the artistic conception generated by touching the scenery.
2. Use scenery to express emotions (use scenery to express feelings)
Bai Juyi's "Farewell to the Ancient Grassland": "The grass on Liliyuan grows wither and withers every year, and the wildfire cannot burn it all. , the spring breeze blows and grows again. "Using the tenacious resistance of the "original grass" to express the irresistible sigh of the natural laws.
3. Landscaping based on emotion
Su Dongpo said that Wang Wei "has paintings within poems, and poetry within paintings." "Poetry within a painting" means creating a landscape based on emotion; "poetry within a painting" means emotion within a landscape.
4. Embedding emotions in the scenery
Du Fu's "Spring Night Happy Rain" "Good rain knows the season, when spring will happen. Sneak into the night with the wind, moistening things silently", describing the scenery It contains the joy of spring rain.
5. Blending of scenes
Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tune] Qingjiang Yin? Qiuhuai": A letter from the west wind has come home thousands of miles away, asking me when I will return? Geese crow in the sky with red leaves, people are intoxicated in the field of yellow flowers, and banana rain sounds in autumn dreams. The poet tightly grasps the meaning of the title and uses the west wind, northern wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains, and the sound of rain to create a bleak autumn scene.
The arrival of the "westerly wind" reminds me of the uncertainty of my "return date"; the "sound of banana rain" highlights my worries about my unfulfilled fame and tossing and turning. Every sentence describes a scene, and every sentence is lyrical. Emotion and scene are highly unified.
2. From the perspective of scenery and emotions
1. Use happy scenes to write happy feelings
Meng Jiao's "After Enrollment": "The dirty past is not enough to praise. , I am thinking about the end of the world now. The spring breeze is so proud that I can see all the flowers in Chang'an in one day."
The last two sentences of the poem vividly depict the poet's elated and proud mood, and express his elated mood heartily. Feelings of pride. The magic of these two sentences lies in the meeting of emotion and scenery, which vividly and vividly depicts the proud scene of the poet galloping on the Chang'an Road where spring flowers bloom.
2. Use happy scenery to express sadness
Xie Ting Farewell by Tang Dynasty poet Xie Qing: "A song of labor explains the boating, red leaves, green mountains and rapid water. At dusk, people are sober from the wine." Far away, the sky is full of wind and rain falling on the west tower. "The first couplet uses the beautiful and poetic scenery of "red leaves and green mountains" to reflect the poet's sorrow and regret at separation.
3. Use sad scenes to describe joy
"The Book of Songs: Picking Wei": "In the past, I went there, and the willows were still there. Now I come to think about them, and the rain and snow are falling." , the beautiful spring scenery makes people intoxicated, but it is the time to say goodbye sadly; the rain and snow are falling, and the ice is freezing on the ground, but it is the time for Zhenghu to return to his hometown. "Jiang Zhai Poetry" says: "Use happy scenes to describe sorrow, use sad scenes to write joy, and double the sorrow and joy.
4. Use sad scenes to write sorrow
Liu Zongyuan's "Liuzhou" "The banyan leaves have all fallen": "The official affairs are restrained and the thoughts are desolate, half of the spring is like the speed of autumn." After the rain in the mountain city, all the flowers are gone, and the banyan leaves are all over the garden and the orioles are singing. "Liu Zongyuan's "Odd Titles" is a work that blends things and myself together.
When the poet wrote this poem, he was a guest in a foreign land, in an independent courtyard, with mixed feelings. . The poet saw the unusual autumn-like scenery in February. His poems "not only follow the objects, but also linger with the heart." It is integrated into one.