(1) Reading roaming period (70 1-742), that is, before the age of 42.
Li Bai was born in a well-educated family and received a good cultural education from an early age. In his poems, he once said: "At the age of five, he recited six classics, and at the age of ten, he read a hundred schools", and at the age of fifteen, he wrote wonderful books and endowed them with exquisite images. All these indicate that he received a good education in his early years. However, due to the proximity of Shu, he was not educated by orthodox Confucianism, but mixed with other thoughts such as Taoism. The cultural environment and his early education have an extremely important influence on the formation of Li Bai's immortal Taoist belief. About 18 years old, he lived in seclusion in a big mine and studied vertical and horizontal techniques under Zhao Yan. Therefore, in Li Bai's thoughts, we can also see some traces of his strategists' thoughts. Zhongshu is also a place with the spirit of Ren Xia. The chivalrous man's bravery and generosity, his promise of a thousand dollars, and his killing without blinking an eye also influenced Li Bai. Hao Wei's Preface to Li Hanlin once said that he was "a few hands without Ren Xia" and he himself said in his poem: "In the white blade, in the world of mortals." During his seclusion, Li Bai often wandered around some counties, went to Jiange and Youzizhou. At the age of 20, he swam through Chengdu and paid tribute to the then Yizhou secretariat stone, which was appreciated. Then I roamed Qingcheng, Emei and other famous mountains.
In his early years, Li Bai was deeply influenced by Confucianism, Taoist belief in immortals, vertical and horizontal techniques and Ren Xia thought. In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan, in 725 AD, Li Bai was twenty-five years old. Li Bai, who has been studying hard for many years, "fought for the country, resigned and traveled far." Take Kuimen, go east along the river, walk all the way, visit all the way, and arrive in Jiangling the next year to make friends with Sima Cheng, a Taoist priest admired by emperors such as Wu Hou, Zong Rui and Xuanzong. Li Bai's sage-like style and wonderful poems won the praise of Sima Chengzhen. Later, he went down the river in Xiaoxiang, Jinling, Yangzhou, Gusu and other places, roaming in the south of Lingnan. While in Xiangyang, he went to see Meng Haoran, a hermit. (Meng was absent, so I wrote a poem "Tell Meng Haoran") So I went to Anlu from Xiangyang. In 727, in Anlu, she married Mrs. Xu Shi, the granddaughter of former Prime Minister Xu. After spending about three years with his wife, in the early summer of 730, Li Bai went to Chang 'an for the first time, lived in seclusion, and made friends with Princess, He, Cui Zongzhi and others, but it didn't work. In 732, he returned to Anlu and traveled to Luoyang, Longmen, Songshan and Taiyuan in the north. Travel east to Qilu and climb Mount Tai; Go south to Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Li Bai's roaming in this period has its own side of indulging in mountains and rivers, and also has the political purpose of making friends with powerful people and expressing his desire to take a shortcut south.
In the winter of the twenty-seventh year of Kaiyuan (739), Li Bai returned to Anlu. At about this time, Mrs. Xu passed away. In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Li Bai moved to Donglu, lived in seclusion with Kong, Han Zhun, Pei Zheng, and Tao Mian, and traveled to Mount Tai in the name of Zhuxi.
Li Bai should master these points during his reading and roaming.
Li Bai's impure education in his early years led to the confusion of his thoughts. Confucianism, Taoism, Zong Heng and Ren Xia all influenced it.
He is ambitious in the economic world.
(3) Li Bai disdains to take the conventional road of being an official in the imperial examination. He hopes to be an official by "Southern Shortcut". He has traveled all over China, and his biggest purpose is to make friends with powerful people, hoping to be recommended by powerful people. Even, his marriage with his granddaughter, the late Li Wei, may be politically motivated.
② Chang 'an official period (742-744)
Li Bai's roaming around finally made him famous in Beijing, and Tang Xuanzong finally got to know Li Bai. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Xuanzong called him into Beijing to worship the Hanlin. Li Bai's joy is beyond words. He wrote in his poem: "Going out laughing, are we from Song Peng?" He began the proudest period of his life. At that time, Xuanzong "retired to meet, ... gave food to the Qibao bed and took a spoon to eat it." . ..... Set up a golden urn, go out to the Hanlin, ask about the state affairs, dive into the grass, and write the imperial edict, but nobody knows. However, it was soon destroyed by slander, and Tianbao was "given gold and returned" by Xuanzong in 744. According to unofficial history's records, Li Bai was slandered for his arrogant and unruly personality. Legend has it that Xuanzong and Yang Guifei were once lovers, thinking that their beautiful scenery should be set off by poetry, so Gao Lishi was invited to summon Li Bai. Gao Lishi was not found in the palace, but in the city street. He found that Li Bai was as drunk as a fiddler in the pub, but the imperial edict was still there, so he had to drag Li Bai to Xuanzong. Seeing that he was in a good mood, Li Bai took advantage of the emperor's favor and called Gao Lishi: "Take off your boots. "But, how can the senior staff tolerate the shame of leaving the stone and taking off his boots? Soon, he went to see Yang Guifei and said: Li Bai said in Qingpingdiao that "the poor swallow leans on the new makeup" and used Zhao's metaphor to describe you as too fat. So, Yang Guifei went to visit, and Xuanzong tried to do it for Li three times, but Yang Guifei stopped him. Finally, it is "paying back the money".
During this period, we should pay attention to the following points in Li Bai's life:
(1) Li Bai is arrogant and uninhibited. This kind of personality is unsociable and not flattering, and naturally he can't handle the complicated interpersonal relationships of the imperial court.
(2) Li Bai, although he has great ambitions and is confident that he has the ability to learn from heaven and earth, his political talent is not so good, which is determined by his personality. Although his poetic talent and literary talent are unparalleled, Li Bai can't realize that he can't objectively evaluate himself.
③ Thought is in the contradiction between success and disappointment.
(3) Roaming again (744-755)
Li Bai had to leave her long hair. After being slandered, he was extremely reluctant to be released. So at this time, his poems often show the deep and broad grief and indignation that has been vilified. After leaving Chang 'an, Li Bai began a new roaming life. In Luoyang, he met Du Fu and made an appointment to travel with Liang Song. In the Liang and Song Dynasties, they met Gao Shi again. The three of them commented on literature and poetry and chatted very speculatively. They went to visit ancient times together, indulged in drinking, riding and shooting together, and forged a deep friendship. Soon, they parted ways. Later, Li Bai invited Gao Zai's palace to hold a monk ceremony and officially became a Taoist priest. At this time, Li Bai's thoughts were extremely complicated. He was disappointed in the imperial court, but his political enthusiasm remained undiminished, hoping to make contributions. After Li Bai and Du Fu met again, he said, "I didn't give up the world, but the world gave up on me." But not long after they were together, they separated. Later, I revisited wuyue and Huiji. In the ninth year of Tianbao (750), he married Mrs. Zong in Liangyuan. The master is the granddaughter of Zong Chuke, the prime minister of Gao Song Dynasty. He believes in Taoism and shares the same interests with Li Bai. But they separated soon after they got married. Then swim to Xunyang, Rencheng, and then swim north. In Youzhou, he had a premonition that An Lushan would rebel, and he was worried.
In the meantime, we should grasp the following points:
① The complexity of Li Bai's thought. He still travels frequently, on the one hand, because of his personality, on the other hand, he still wants to make friends with powerful people and return to the imperial court to realize his ambition. He is still not aware of his lack of political talent.
② Li Bai met Du Fu twice, and the friendship between the two great poets also encouraged their poetic styles to infect each other. Li Bai is an elder (1 1 year old) and doesn't know it, while Du Fu is a junior. He is "determined with Liu and Liu, and then with a woman in Lu." (Hao Wei prefaces the Collected Works of Li Hanlin)
④ The emotion of poetry creation is more indignant.
④ An Shi Rebellion (755-762)
During the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai hurriedly entrusted Lu Zhong's children to his master Wu Ye, went to Song Cheng by himself, hurried to Dangtu with his clan, returned to Xuancheng, went to Liyang, went to Yue Zhong, entered Lushan Mountain, and lived in seclusion with his wife. In the winter of the 15th year of Tianbao (750), Li Lin, king of Wang Yong, sent three envoys to hire Li Bai. Li Bai thought it was time to show his political talents. Despite the obstruction of the Zong family, he joined the Wang Yong shogunate. However, in February of the following year, Wang Yong was defeated in Danyang, and Li Bai went south, then he was arrested and imprisoned in Xunyang, and later became Yelang. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Li Bai returned to the Three Gorges and settled in the south. In the second year of Shang Yuan (76 1), he learned that Li Guangbi was going to the southeast, and he wanted to join the army to serve his country. But he was old and came back due to illness. When he arrived in Dangtu, he relied on his uncle dangtu county to make Li. He died in Dangtu in 762 at the age of 62. Later, the world respected Li Bai, so much so that Li Bai was deified, saying that he died by lifting the moon into the water.