Farewell Poems in The Book of Songs
The road was delayed, carrying thirst and hunger. I feel sad, and I don't know I'm sad. The Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Choose the EU
The road is long and slow. You are hungry and thirsty. My heart is really hard, who knows my sadness.
Life and death are generous, and Zi Cheng says. Hold your hand and grow old with your son. The Book of Songs? Hurricane? Drumming sound
Dead or alive, it's a deal with you. I will hold your hand and be with you forever.
People who know me worry me; If you don't know me, what do you want? Who is this? The Book of Songs? National wind? Feng Wang? Millet separation
People who know me say that I am very troubled inside; If you don't know, ask me what I want. God, who did this to me?
He took care of him, but he didn't see him all day, just like him. The Book of Songs? National wind? Feng Wang? Picking kudzu
A girl who picks Artemisia is as long as three seasons if she doesn't see it for a day.
The Millennium is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. The Book of Songs? National wind? Qin Feng? Jia Jian
The reeds by the river are green, and the dew is crystal clear and frosted. My beloved is on the other side of the river.
In the past, I was gone, and Liu Shu was Yi Yi. Today, I was thinking that it was raining. The Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Choose the EU
When I left home for a distant place, willow trees fluttered in the spring breeze. Now I'm back in my hometown, and snowflakes are flying all over the sky.
Decadence has no beginning, and fresh talents have an end. The Book of Songs? Daya？ sway
Nothing can't have a good start, but unfortunately, few people can have a good ending. Everything has a beginning, but it rarely ends.
Trouble in my heart is like a robber washing clothes. Think quietly, but can't fly. The Book of Songs, National Style, Lang Feng and Bai Zhou.
The bitterness in my heart can't be erased, just like unwashed dirty clothes. Calm down and think about it, just hate flying without wings.
Aunt, think about it, but you won't love the Book of Songs forever? Nan Zhou? Curly ears
Let me just drink and have fun, so that I won't be sad forever.
The Cultural Spirit of The Book of Songs
As China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs shows us the historical features of Yin Shang society and even ancient society with its rich life content and extensive creative themes. It can be said that 305 works in The Book of Songs are interwoven into a multi-level and multi-angle three-dimensional picture scroll, which shows the social history of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties from many aspects. Each of its works contains countless cultural contents that can be carried forward. Therefore, for The Book of Songs, we not only need to understand its greatness from the overall classification of themes, but also need to grasp the cultural spirit of the Chinese nation as a whole. In this respect, its significance is infinite. Below, we briefly summarize it from several aspects.
First, the feelings of rural scholars are rooted in agricultural production.
China is an ancient agricultural country. Agricultural development, on the one hand, made China people get rid of the way of relying on natural gathering and fishing and hunting for a living long ago, and had a more reliable food source, which promoted the progress of civilization; On the other hand, it also changed the lifestyle of frequent migration due to gathering, fishing and hunting, and formed a settled farming culture higher than that of neighboring ethnic groups. It can be seen that China people are deeply homesick after long-term cultivation and rooted in agricultural production.
The Book of Songs is an art with strong local feelings. Not to mention, the "national style" in the Tenth Five-Year Plan exudes a strong local cultural atmosphere. Even in the lyrics of Ya and Ode, there is a deep affection rooted in agricultural culture. This is not only manifested in Zhou people's concern for agriculture, worship of agricultural gods and creation of agricultural poems, but also in most works in The Book of Songs, which show that nostalgia for their homeland is the common feelings of all ethnic groups.
Agricultural production cultivated the cultural character of Zhou people's relocation, and the destruction of agricultural production by war and corvee was the poet's most painful event. When we open the Book of Songs, the most profound thing we feel is the deep homesickness of the national style, such as drumming, the water of the sun, the bandits' style, Dongshan, axe breaking, driving, ear rolling, powder rolling and so on. Although so many works have their own unique artistic expression and emotional expression in different situations, they all point to homesickness for their homeland, which is a special national emotion cultivated by agricultural civilization.
The Book of Songs is an art rooted in China's agricultural civilization, and the agricultural society has shaped the agricultural cultural mentality of China people. In a sense, The Book of Songs is a collection of poems that fully embodies the spirit of China's agricultural culture. This is not only reflected in the strong homesickness in thoughts and feelings, but also in the creative attitude, expression, writing purpose, aesthetic concept and so on. All these have been generally recognized by the collective cultural psychology of agricultural society, thus becoming the aesthetic norms of creation and appreciation, and forming the basic characteristics of traditional poetry as an agricultural cultural form, which can be confirmed more or less in the Book of Songs. It is these that make The Book of Songs become the model and model of China's poetry creation in later generations, not only in the theme and content of the work, but also in the cultural spirit, and become the most intimate and favorite work for China people to read.
Second, the humanistic spirit of humanism
Man is the master of culture, and colorful social life is the creation of man. The rich content of literary works can be expressed with people as the center, which should be the basic representation of literature of all nationalities in the world. Therefore, all human activities in the world are arranged by God. The greatest works in ancient Greek literature, the Iliad and Ode written by Homer, a blind poet, are said to be based on praising clans and tribes and historical facts in the past. ? Homer's epic and all the myths? This is the main legacy of the Greeks from barbarism to civilization? . In ancient Greece, it was an important feature of ancient western literature to regard God as the master of mankind, and to think that God and the gods always controlled human life and destiny, and to create art with this concept and emotion.
However, in China culture, is there a person who created the universe and human beings like Western Christianity and has been intervening and guiding human life? God? . In China culture? God? (or? God? ) mainly refers to the natural forces of the universe. God? Domination of man can only appear in a subtle way, not by a will god, and man's fate is mainly in his own hands. China ancient culture also has the so-called? Fate? Things, but this? Fate? It is only the inevitable result of man's own journey of good and evil. The fate of people, or the fate of a country, depends on the people themselves. It is precisely because of this rational spirit of facing people directly that China culture can really be called humanistic culture, and China literature can really be called human literature instead of divine literature.
The Book of Songs, as the first collection of poems in ancient China, shows distinctive people-oriented national cultural characteristics. Here we can't see the footprints of all gods, nor can we see God's judgment and prediction of personnel.
People-oriented rather than God-oriented, which made China people get rid of the witchcraft religion concept in primitive society very early, and also made poetry as a literary genre get rid of witchcraft religion very early. What about the Book of Songs, except the Book of Songs? The description of beauty and virtue tells the gods of its success? Apart from sacrificial songs, there are few poems with religious witchcraft thoughts in elegant poems and wind poems, accounting for nearly nine tenths of the total number of works. In fact, even in Zhou Song and other sacrificial poems, Zhou people did not entrust everything to God in the face of the invisible ancestors of heaven. More importantly, remember the moral achievements of the old man and the king and express their needs? Perseverance in place? The idea of respecting morality and protecting the people for the long-term stability of the country. There is no place like the gods on Olympus. They can't believe that God can control their own destiny and decide their own life. Here, man is the master of his own life, the whole content of poetry and the whole direction of emotional projection. They are so sure of themselves, trust themselves, express themselves happily and put their creative practice into practice. Literature is human studies? This eternal proposition, which was really put forward in modern western society, was fully expressed more than 2,500 years ago, which laid the national psychological tradition that China's poetry was people-oriented rather than god-oriented. It makes The Book of Songs full of rich human feelings and makes poetry the best form to express people's clan ethical feelings and homesickness. All their homesickness, patriotism, homesickness and nostalgia can be best expressed here.
Third, realistic creative attitude.
Nostalgia rooted in agricultural production, strong ethical feelings under patriarchal clan system and humanistic spirit based on people will inevitably form a realistic attitude towards the creation of The Book of Songs.
? Realism? This is a term we borrowed from the west. It first appeared in the field of literature in Schiller's paper On Simple Poetry and Sentimental Poetry (1794- 1796). As a creative method, Engels once summarized its characteristics as? In addition to the truth of the details, but also to reproduce the typical characters in the typical environment? . Moreover, it is understood in a broad sense. Contemporary China literature researchers generally refer to those literary creations that mainly describe realism, so they think that there are many excellent realistic poems in The Book of Songs. Can I borrow realism here? This term summarizes the creative tradition of The Book of Songs, which is not limited to some of Guo Feng's creations, but based on the tradition of national culture, to see how the creators of the whole Book of Songs observe life, describe life, express their feelings and express their ideals with their own special cultural vision, and how to form a special spirit of national literature creation.
First of all, by realism, we mean that The Book of Songs is an art of facing reality. The ancient poem July, which reflects agricultural life, most vividly shows Zhou people's creative attitude towards reality in agricultural production practice. The whole poem begins with the astronomical phenomenon that Mars began to move westward in early July of the summer calendar, and describes the production and life of farmers in various festivals one by one. It is well prepared and thorough. It shows that it is the production practice of agricultural society that has cultivated Zhou people's pragmatic spirit and made them regard their own life as a life that can be grasped without supernatural gods. Seriously describe and describe life, so as to guide and educate them to adopt a correct attitude towards reality and establish a life concept that faces reality directly.
The Book of Songs is a realistic art, which is not only reflected in the description of agricultural poetry, but also in the realistic concept of life, making people regard poetry creation as a true representation of their real life. It is the realistic vision that makes the poet have the keenest observation ability on social life, thus profoundly prompting and describing various life realities. Realistic creative attitude makes The Book of Songs have the characteristics of realism and simplicity, and has a sense of intimacy with life, thus guiding people to pay attention to reality, love life, criticizing all unreasonable phenomena in society, and inspiring people to pursue their ideal life unremittingly. It has become a textbook of life itself and has great social education power.
Secondly, realism here refers to the emotional expression of the Book of Songs in the face of reality. China already has it? Poetry expresses ambition? Traditionally, poetry is regarded as the main artistic form to express the poet's thoughts and feelings, which makes lyric poetry become the main style of China's poetry very early and makes China a country of lyric poetry. According to Hegel? Official epics can only appear in primitive times, while lyric poems can appear at any stage of national development. ? From this point of view, the generation of lyric poetry is different from epic poetry, which requires the high development of civilization and the enlightenment of people's poetic mind, and requires a high degree of cultural accomplishment. It is precisely because lyric poetry requires to open a quiet state of mind, accommodate a variety of emotions and conduct a broader investigation, so lyric poetry also needs a hard-won artistic accomplishment. In short, the poet's emotions in the face of real life can be expressed in short lyric poems.
First of all, the cultural spirit of poetry is summarized from three aspects: homesickness rooted in agricultural production, humanistic spirit based on people and realistic creative attitude. In fact, the cultural spirit it contains goes far beyond this. The Book of Songs is the summary and artistic sublimation of China's ancient cultural poems. It was born in the rich cultural soil of the Chinese nation and has extremely rich cultural connotations. This makes its influence in the history of China far beyond the boundaries of poetry, and the exploration of its cultural implications will be infinite.