Independence Day: June 25th (1975)
National Day: June 25th (1975)
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. Near the flagpole is a red isosceles triangle with a yellow five-pointed star, an open book and crossed rifles and hoes. On the right side of the flag, there are parallel wide strips of green, black and yellow, and there is a thin white strip above and below the black wide strip. Green symbolizes agriculture and wealth, black represents the African continent, yellow symbolizes underground resources, white symbolizes the justice of the people's struggle and the cause of peace to be established, and red symbolizes the armed struggle and revolution for national liberation. The yellow five-pointed star represents the spirit of internationalism, books symbolize culture and education, and rifles and hoes symbolize the unity of the broad masses of workers and the army and their cooperation in defending and building the motherland.
National emblem: round, with open books, rifles and hoes on the round surface, with the same meaning as the national flag; The ripples below symbolize the ocean; There is a radiant sun pattern in the middle, which symbolizes the new life of revolution and construction. The circumference is decorated with gears, corn and sugar cane, symbolizing industry and agriculture; There is a red five-pointed star at the top, which symbolizes the spirit of internationalism; The red ribbon at the bottom says "Mozambique and China".
State dignitaries: President armando guebuza was sworn in in February 2005.
Physical geography: covers an area of 799,000 square kilometers. It is located in the southeast of Africa, bordering South Africa and Swaziland in the south, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi in the west, Tanzania in the north, the Indian Ocean in the east and Madagascar across the mozambique channel. The coastline is 2630 kilometers long. Plateau and mountainous areas account for about 3/5 of the national area, and the rest are plains. The terrain is roughly divided into three steps from northwest to southeast: the northwest is a plateau mountain with an average elevation of 500- 1000 meters, of which A Bing Mountain is as high as 2436 meters, which is the highest point in the country; In the middle is a platform 200-500 meters high, in which islands and mountains are scattered; The southeast coast is a plain with an average elevation of 100 meters, which is distributed in a strip shape, narrow in the north and wide in the south, with a total area of 330,000 square kilometers. It is one of the largest plains in Africa. There are many rivers such as Zambezi River and limpopo river flowing into the Indian Ocean from west to east, which are rich in water resources. Lake Malawi is the boundary lake between Mozambique and Malawi. The coastline is 2630 kilometers long, and there are many swamps, sandbars and mangroves along the coast. Most of the climate is savanna, with annual precipitation of 600- 1, 500mm, with more in the north and less in the south. Forests account for about a quarter of the territory.
Population: Mozambique's population is about 65,438+08,000,000 (2000), including more than 60 tribes such as Makua-Lomé and Shawna-Calanga. The population density is 0/9.7 people per square kilometer/kloc. Most of them belong to Makua, Conga, Malawi, Mashona and other languages of Bantu family. The official language is Portuguese, and the main tribes have their own languages. Most people believe in primitive religions.
Capital: Maputo.
Brief History: In the 3rd century/Kloc-0, the Mashona people established the Monomotapa Kingdom in present-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and their national strength gradually declined at the beginning of the 6th century/Kloc-0. 1505 was invaded by Portuguese colonists and established a colonial stronghold. 1700 became a "protectorate" of Portugal. 1752 Portugal was ruled by the governor and was once called Portuguese East Africa. 1884 ——1885 Mo was classified as a Portuguese colony. 195 1, and Portugal changed it to "overseas province". 189 1 year, Baluhai people held an uprising, which lasted 25 years. 1On September 25th, 964, the Mozambican Liberation Front led the people to launch an armed struggle against Portuguese colonial rule. 1On September 7th, 974, FMLN and the Portuguese government signed the Lusaka Agreement on Mozambique's independence. 1975 officially declared independence on June 25th. The first president Zamora. After Zamora died in an air crash, Chissano succeeded as president. Due to political differences, the Mozambican Resistance Movement led by Dhlakama has waged guerrilla warfare with the government for more than ten years, and the whole country is in chaos and mines are everywhere. 1993, UN peacekeeping forces entered Mozambique, 1994 held general elections, and Chissano became president. 1990165438+1October was renamed Mozambique * * * and a multi-party system was implemented.
Politics: The current Constitution came into effect on June 30th. 1990+065438+. The constitution stipulates: replace the one-party system with a multi-party system, and separate the party, government and judiciary; The president is directly elected by the whole people for a term of five years and can only be re-elected for two terms.
Economy: Most residents are engaged in agriculture, and the agricultural output value accounts for 40% of the gross national product. Grain mainly produces corn and potatoes; Cash crops mainly include cotton, sugarcane, sisal, cashew nuts, tea, coconut, tobacco and so on. It is the largest cashew nut producer in Africa. Sheep are most domestic animals. Industry accounts for one-third of the gross national product, with food, textile and agricultural products processing as the main industries, as well as oil refining, ironmaking, cement, tires, automobile assembly and repair enterprises. The mining area is mined with coal, iron, tantalite and other minerals, such as uranium, copper, gold, nickel and cobalt. Tantalum ore ranks first in the world. Export cashew nuts, sugar, tea, desiccated coconut, wood, cotton, etc. Import machinery, vehicles, consumer goods, steel, crude oil and petroleum products. All major ports have railway trunk lines connecting South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Swaziland and other neighboring countries, and the transit traffic volume is large, which is an important source of national income.
Diplomacy: pursuing an independent and non-aligned policy.
Relations with China:1On June 25th, 975, Mozambique established diplomatic relations with China. In April 2004, President Chissano paid a working visit to China.
Administrative Districts: China is divided into 65,438+00 provinces and one city, namely Cabo delgado, Niassa, tete province, nampula province, Zambezi, Sofala, Manica, Ibambani, Gaza, maputo province and Maputo, the capital of the municipality directly under the Central Government. China has 23 cities, mainly Maputo, Beira and Nampula.
Port of Mozambique. In the northeast, an offshore coral island in the mozambique channel of the Indian Ocean. The population is about 10000. Built in 1508, it is the oldest city and seaport in China. Before 1907, it was a colonial stronghold of Portugal and an important port for foreign exchange. Due to the deep water depth of the port, it is inconvenient to contact the inland, and it declines with the rise of other ports. There are small industries, such as tobacco processing and oil exploration. Many historical sites are famous for their ancient bunkers and churches.
In April 2008, under the pressure of the United States, the Mozambican government refused to dock and unload the cargo ship Anyue River from China, because it was said that the ship was carrying arms destined for Zimbabwe. The US government believes that the goods will be used to support the Mugabe government in Zimbabwe, which is not welcomed by the US government.
On May 16, 2008, Mozambique provided 40,000 RMB in aid to the people of China who suffered from the Wenchuan earthquake on May12, making it the fourth country to provide aid to China. The per capita GNP is US$ 397, which is also one of the countries that do their best to help the people of China to fight the earthquake disaster. The people of China thank the Mozambican people for their selfless help and will cherish their friendship!
Mozambique channel is located in the southeast of Africa, between Mozambique and Madagascar. It is the longest strait in the world, with a total length of1670km.
catch yield
This is a paradise for tuna and seafood, and a unique "hometown of cashews" in the world. This country, which sounds strange, has a unique African style without famous places of interest.
Cashew land
The Portuguese may not have thought that a few cashew nuts seeds they brought from Brazil five centuries ago actually blossomed comfortably here. After the successful trial planting, people introduced it one after another, and a large number of local monkeys also contributed, spreading seeds everywhere during the migration process.
Unlike most hot and dry African countries, Mozambique has a mild climate, less floods and droughts, and abundant sunshine and stable temperature are most suitable for the growth of cashew trees. Cashews have brought considerable wealth to Mozambicans, and Mozambique has thus become the "hometown of cashews". No wonder cashew patterns can be seen everywhere here, and songs, poems and novels about cashew nuts are even more popular.
doomsday
I don't know, Mozambique is rich in marine resources, and there are many kinds of sharks in the north. The beaches here are also very beautiful. Maputo Beach, the capital, has clear water and a long coastline. Walking from the seaside to the seaside for about one or two hundred meters, the sea just overflowed the chest, and the locals gave this beach a very nice name-"Sunshine Beach". At low tide, large sandbars are exposed, and the sun shines warmly, like a golden ocean.
To see the real Indian Ocean, it takes three or four hours to drive from Maputo to Bileni, which is a favorite holiday destination for foreign tourists. Watching the sunrise, sunset and big waves roll here every day, I feel like I'm at the end of the world.
In short, the country is poor and public security is chaotic.