Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word is thick and his ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). He participated in Yongzhen's political reform, was exiled repeatedly after his failure, and finally died in Liuzhou's secretariat, later known as Liu Liuzhou. He is a famous essayist and one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Poetry is also well written, and ancient poetry is as famous as Wei Yingwu, known as Wei Liu in the world. Next, I will bring you an appreciation of Jiang Xue, an ancient poem about snow. I hope it will help you.
Liu Zongyuan
a hundred mountains and no bird, a thousand paths without a footprint.
a little boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow.
Liu Zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was born in Hedong (now Yongji County, Shandong Province). An outstanding thinker and essayist. The achievements of poetry and songs are also very high.
Note
1. This is a poem written by Liu Zongyuan after he was demoted to Yongzhou, expressing his lonely and depressed mood by fishing alone in Hanjiang River.
2. Qian Shan: It refers to all the mountains in vain. Absolutely: extinct.
3. Birds have disappeared: there are not any birds in the sky.
4. path: path. Wanjing: refers to all roads in vain. Man's trail: the trail of man. Extinction: Disappear, gone.
5. suō li: coir, hat.
There are no birds on the mountain thousands of miles away,
There is not even a trace of people on the road in Wan Li,
Only in a boat on the river, there is an old man in coir,
fishing alone on the cold river.
Jiang Xue is the work of Liu Zongyuan after he was demoted to Yongzhou, and it has always been recited by people. This little poem is an expression of ambition. Liu Zongyuan sketched a fisherman fishing alone on the snowy cold river with extremely refined writing style, artistically summarized the sinister political environment he lived in at that time, and showed his strong will not to give in to the dark forces and his noble quality of not being in cahoots with others.
The artistic conception of this poem is very particular, and the poets use the methods of comparison and contrast: the vastness of Qian Shan sets off the smallness of the lonely old man; The silence of the bird's extinction contrasts with the old man's interest in fishing; The quiet and cold silence of the picture sets off the surging mood of the characters. The lonely and independent old man is actually a portrayal of the feelings of the people in poetry.
The scenery written in the poem is: peaks, invisible birds, shadows, paths, and people's footprints. The whole earth is covered with white snow, and an old fisherman wearing hemp fiber and hat is fishing alone on the Hanjiang River in a solitary boat. Look, what a vivid picture of solo fishing in the cold river! What does this picture mean? As we all know, there will never be "pure" landscape poems or landscape paintings in works of art. In them, Liu Zongyuan's feelings and realistic contents are always reflected more or less. In fact, the best in landscape poetry, though full of flowers and birds and misty clouds, must be that every word seems to be a scene, and the sound and taste are always sentimental. This poem is no exception. As long as we know Liu Zongyuan's life experience, we can see this
Translation
"a hundred mountains and no bird, a thousand paths without a footprint." "a little boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow." Lonely: Lonely. Boat: a small boat. Gun: Gun. Dai Li: Dai Li. These two lines mean: (in) a lonely boat, sitting an old man wearing hemp fiber and a hat, fishing alone on the cold river covered with heavy snow.
Appreciation
Liu Zongyuan's five-character quatrain was admired by people, and many landscape painters in later generations also made use of it. What's good about this poem? We might as well appreciate it from the following aspects:
First of all, it creates an artistic realm of preciseness and coldness. Literally speaking, the sentence "a little boat, a bamboo cloak" seems to be the focus of Liu Zongyuan's description, occupying the main position of the picture. The fisherman sat alone in a boat, wearing a bamboo hat, fishing long. The words "solitude" and "independence" have shown that he is far away from the world, and even revealed his lofty and refined personality characteristics. Liu Zongyuan's theme has been revealed here, but Liu Zongyuan is not interested enough, and he has carefully created an artistic background of vast expanse and silence for fishermen: the mountains stand in the distance, and the paths are criss-crossing, but there are no birds flying in the mountains, and the paths are deserted. Why is the nature, which was boiling and noisy in the past and full of vitality everywhere, so dead? A heavy snowfall swept over Qian Shan, obscuring the trail. Birds can't fly, but people can't. The cold brought by the ice and snow has created a white and deserted world. This background strongly sets off the lonely and thin figure of the fisherman. At this moment, how cold and lonely his mood should be! Here, Liu Zongyuan uses the technique of contrast and rendering to describe the climate and scenery of fishermen when they are fishing. With a light pen and a light touch, only a few words will give a clean and cold lyric atmosphere. His brushstrokes reach the heavens and the earth, reaching to the peak and down to the river, covering Wan Li. Shen Deqian commented that "the clearness and preciseness are absolutely gone". Gu? Say "farewell, the snow scene is as it is now". Both of them refer to the creation of the realm of this poem.
Secondly, it vividly reflects Liu Zongyuan's psychological state of being unwilling and feeling lonely after he was relegated to Yongzhou. Zheng Gu, who was later than Liu Zongyuan, once wrote "Occasionally in the Snow": "The tea and smoke in the monk's house are wet, and the wine in the singing house is weak. When the river came to Kanhua in the evening, the fisherman returned with a clean coat. " Even poetry is a fisherman in the snow, but the language is ordinary and lacking in realm. Liu Zongyuan did not melt his subjective consciousness and distinctive personality, so Su Shi criticized him as "learning Chinese in the village" and praised Liu Zongyuan's last two sentences, saying that "human nature is separated?" Almost given by heaven, it is out of reach! " Su Shi's so-called "humanity" refers to the emotional casting of poets. The opposite of "there is a gap between human nature" is "there is no gap between human nature", which means that it has reached the highest realm of scene blending. As we know, Liu Zongyuan has always maintained a tenacious mental state after being repeatedly denounced after the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation". His "Eight Stories of Yongzhou" is devoted to the scenery in the backcountry, with a theme as a reference and a profound sustenance. Every grass and tree shows his extremely lonely feelings. His lofty and refined personality is also fully displayed. The fisherman's image in this poem is in a lonely and cold world, but he goes his own way, walking in a lonely and uninhabited place with equanimity. Isn't it admirable for its weathervane, its heroic spirit and its unswerving mentality? Zhang Zhihe, a poet at the same time as Liu Zongyuan, wrote "The Fisherman's Song", saying: "Egrets fly in front of the Cisai Mountain, and the peach blossoms are flowing and the mandarin fish are fat. Green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, oblique wind and drizzle don't have to return. " On the occasion of Zhang's choice of spring blossoms, the picture is beautiful and quiet, revealing the relaxed and carefree nature of "smokers". Unlike Zhang Zhihe, Liu Zongyuan was a politician who insisted on justice and stood on the soil full of contradictions and struggles. When he was sent to the deep winter to be cold and cool, people's mood was not just one side of indulging in mountains and rivers. He also wrote a solemn and austere side, and his personality was particularly prominent.
finally, the structure of this poem is exquisitely arranged. The title of the poem is "Jiang Xue". But Liu Zongyuan didn't get to the point when he wrote. He first wrote the quietness of Qian Shan's ten thousand paths. Birds don't fly, pedestrians disappear. Then, with a turn of the pen, the image of a man who is fishing in a lonely boat is introduced. It was not until the end that the word "cold river snow" was written, which was a positive problem. Read to the end and read the whole article again. A feeling of being suddenly enlightened arises spontaneously. Vast sky, vast land, its distant scenery is very attractive.