We should pay special attention to Tang and Song poems, which are rich in content and profound. There are many poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, which have the following characteristics:
(1) eulogizes nature.
There is a kind of works with the theme of the relationship between man and nature, which we generally call eulogizing nature. Our traditional poems include landscape poems, pastoral poems, garden poems and tourism poems.
The main length of this kind of works is to describe nature and its activities, praise and outline the natural scenery. There were Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems and Xie Lingyun's landscape poems in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Since the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and other writers' pastoral poems have their own characteristics.
② Writing love
Poems that will always be in my heart, palace resentment poems, palace resentment poems, abandoned wives poems, mourning poems.
Describing the basic theme of human beings, there are several kinds of poems describing love in classical poetry that take women's life as the theme, such as in my heart forever's poems, palace resentment poems and palace ci poems, and there is also a very special type called abandoned wife poems and mourning poems. They are all special types, such as the poem of abandoning a wife. There is a dream in the Book of Songs, which is an abandoned and abandoned woman writing her life. The most famous mourning work is Su Dongpo's Jiangchengzi. Ten Years of Life and Death is to describe and recall the deep feelings between him and his wife.
(3) record the ecology:
There is also a large number of works in classical poetry, which record the changes of ecology. The ancients in China paid attention to the natural changes of natural scenery. China was an agricultural society and a country with agricultural civilization in ancient times, so there were many agricultural poems. There are agricultural poems in The Book of Songs, many of which are called Four Seasons Poems. There are also these works about the changes in December, and there are even more folk songs about the changes in the four seasons and December. These works also reflect some characteristics of ecological culture.
(4) Outline of Military Life and Frontier Defense:
The other is the works that outline military life and frontier experience. Mainly service poems, military poems and frontier poems.
(5) Describe the world:
The other is "good songs" that describe the world. The "good songs" sung by Taoist priests and monks in A Dream of Red Mansions also depict the world in the form of poems. There were many such works in ancient times.
⑥ Express the philosophy of life and all kinds of feelings: spend the moonlight on the spring river, climb high and look far, miss the past at Chibi (Nian Nujiao), and roll the Yangtze River eastward (Linjiang Xian).
Like Zhang's "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", it not only writes about the natural scenery, laments the mystery of the universe, but also writes about wandering in the journey and such a homesickness. The content is very profound. The writing is very colorful. Du Like's poem "Ascending the Mountain" is a work created by Du Fu in Kuizhou when he roamed the southwest in his later years, in which he wrote a complex life sentiment. At the same time, there is Su Dongpo's Nian Nujiao's Red Cliff Nostalgia. This word expresses deep and wide feelings, which is difficult to sum up in one sentence. The author expressed his feelings when the Yangtze River rolled eastward. Later, when the novelist wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he took the word Linjiangxian as the masterpiece of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. At the beginning, Yang Shen's Linjiang Fairy rolled eastward, and the waves rushed out of the hero from here.
Third, classical poetry has various forms and styles.
From the perspective of metrical poetry, it can be divided into classical poetry and modern poetry, metrical poetry and quatrains.
Classical poetry is not strict about rhythm. Modern poetry is a new metrical poem formed after Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which was stereotyped in the Tang Dynasty, so it has strict requirements in rhyme and antithesis. Modern poetry is divided into metrical poems and quatrains.
According to the number of words: four words, five words, six words, seven words, qi words and miscellaneous words.
In terms of the number of words, four-character poems have four words per sentence, five-character poems have five words per sentence, six-character poems are rare, and seven-character poems are common. The number of words in each sentence is fixed. We call this seven-character poem, that is, unified seven-character poem. The number of words in each sentence is not fixed and changes repeatedly. We call it miscellaneous poems. For example, sometimes the first sentence is three words, the second sentence is five words, and then the third sentence changes. Li Bai likes to use miscellaneous poems, which is called singing.
Clauses are divided into quatrains, regular poems, long poems, even sentences and odd sentences.
We call each poem with four sentences quatrains, each poem with eight sentences is customarily called metrical poem, and we call poems with more than eight sentences long or parallel as metrical poem. In addition, even sentences are called even sentences, and this three-five-sentence poem is called odd sentences, which are irregular and inconsistent.
As far as the relationship with music is concerned, it can be divided into: vocal poetry, entering music and Gongdiao.
Some poems can be enjoyed, and poems sung with music are enjoyed. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many music-entering poems, also called singing poems. After the Five Dynasties, a new form of music literature appeared, which was played in concert with music. This kind of word is called Qu Zi's poem, also called Ci, long and short sentences. In the Song Dynasty, the complete works related to music were called zaju and short stories were called Sanqu.
Sub-genre: Dali style, Changqing style, Yuan style.
There are so-called Dali style, Changqing style, Yuanhe style in the Tang Dynasty, and there are also various forms in the early and late Tang Dynasty, including the Song Dynasty.