Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as "Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering.
Du Fu is a great realistic poet, who wrote 1400 poems in his life. His experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods.
First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)
During this period, he traveled to Wu, Yue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Qi and Zhao (now northern Shandong and southern Hebei) and worked in Luoyang. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again.
Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)
During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "detaining the rich in the morning, following the fat horse dust at night, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding his worries everywhere". Finally, he got a small official who led the government to join the army. During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
3. Being trapped as a thief and being an official (45 to 48 years old).
When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of the suggestion, Shangshu was demoted to be the prime minister of joining the army. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Fourth, the wandering period in the southwest (48 to 58 years old).
With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then go back to Chengdu. After Yanwu's death, he drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to the same lake and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing. At that time, I dreamed of two poems by Li Bai, and gave Li Bai 20 rhymes at the end of the sky. There are also poems written by Gao Shi, Cen Can, Jia Zhi, Yanwu, Zheng Qian, Bi Yao, Xue Zhi and Zhang Biao. At that time, Zangong was still in exile in Qin Zhou, and he tasted the victory of Xizhi Village for Gonggong, because he made a plan to get rich. The thatched cottage was not built, so I went to Tonggu in October. The poems pass through Gu Chi, Tietang Gorge, Yanjing, Xia Han, Fajing Temple, Qingyang Gorge, Longmen Town, Shidong, Jicaoling, Nigong Mountain and Phoenix Terrace. Go to Tonggu and live in chestnut pavilion. Poverty is very beneficial, and it is self-sufficient to pick up oak chestnuts and dig yellow. I lived for less than a month and then went to Chengdu. 1 February1day on the road, passing through Mupiling, Baishadu, Feixian Pavilion, Shiguige, Jubaidu, Jianmen and Reuters Mountain. Arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year and lived in Huanhuaxi Temple. I stabbed Pengzhou when I was in high physical fitness. When I arrived in Chengdu, I sent a poem to ask.
760 Gengzi Su Zongshang (three years) changed yuan in April, and Du Fu was forty-nine years old. In Chengdu. In spring, Buju lives among the flowers in Xiguo. Cousins Wang 15 Sima Yijian, Xu Qing (suspected knowledge), Xiao Shi, He Yong and Wei Ban (should be nephews) planted fruit trees in Sanming House, which started at the beginning of the year and was completed. When Wei Yan lived in Shu, he tried to draw a wall for the public. In early autumn, I made a temporary trip to Xinjin and met Pei Di. I went to Zhou Shu in autumn night and met Gao Shi. In winter, return to Chengdu.
76 1 Xin Chou Su Zong Shang Yuaner, Shi Chaoyi killed Shi Siming. Du Fu is fifty years old. At the beginning of Jucaotang, I went to Xinjin. In February, I returned to Chengdu. In autumn, go to Qingcheng Mountain. Go back to Chengdu At that time, I was ill and had a hard life. Have the idea of moving to another place. In winter, when I arrived in Chengdu, I tasted the thatched cottage with Wang Lun and had another drink.
In July 762, Renyin Suzong Baoying changed to Yuan in April, the emperor and Xuanzong collapsed, and Prince Yu arrived. The poet Li Bai died (70 1-762). Du Fu is fifty-one. I have lived in a thatched cottage since spring in Zhixia. Very close to Yanwu's singing. There are gifts for fighting. In July, I sent Yanwu back to North Korea, took a boat to Mianzhou, went to Jiyi, went ashore and left him. I knew I was against it. I was in Zizhou. At the end of autumn, I went back to Chengdu to welcome my relatives, but I was quite interested in traveling to the east. 1 1 month, I went to Yujingguan, Shehong County, Jin Huashan, looking for the remains of Chen Ziang Reading Hall. He also visited Zi 'ang's hometown in Wu Shan, the northeast county. I visited Guo's former residence in Tongquan County, south of the city, and visited the Xue Ji painting and calligraphy wall of Qingshan Temple. Look at the cranes painted behind the wall of the county government.
In 763, Gui Maodai Zongguang Deyi (the second year of Baoying) was changed to Yuan in July, and Li Huaixian killed Shi Chaoyi in the first month. Du Fu is fifty-two years old. In the first month, I was on the banks of Zizhou and the Yellow River, which were recovered by the imperial army. I wanted to go back to the capital, but I wanted to go east to Wu Chu. I occasionally taste Langzhou (Langzhong, Sichuan) because I visited the temples in Niutou, Doulu and Yi Hui. I went back to Zizi, and I went to Mianzhou because I saw Mr. Xin off. From cotton to catalpa. Go to Hangzhou again. Summer, back to Zizhou. In early autumn, I bid farewell to catalpa and went to Langchang. In September, the housing management was sacrificed. At the end of autumn, I received a letter from home and learned that my daughter was ill because I was in a hurry to return to catalpa. 1 1 month, I will leave the canyon to travel to Wu Chu, so I ordered my brother to occupy Jiao Jiao Caotang in Chengdu.
In 764, Chen Jia's generation was Zong Guangde II, and Du Fu was 53 years old. In the early spring, he went out of the gorge from Zizhou Zijia East and first arrived in Langzhou. The imperial court called Jing Zhao Gong Cao to join the army, and the itinerary was fixed, so it was not called. In February, when I left Langdong, I heard that the military commander of Yan was in Shu town again, and I was overjoyed, so I changed my plan and went to Chengdu. Return to Chengdu in March. In June, Yan was a festival worker, and Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Industry got a fish bag. Autumn, the curtain, quite unhappy, because the poem Yan Wu Shu chest. So I asked for leave and went back to the thatched cottage temporarily. At that time, Cao Ba was in Chengdu and was recommended by Dan Qing. Brother Ying went to qi zhou. At the end of the year, I sent a poem to Jia Zhi for something. This is the year that Yanwu sang the closest.
In 765, in October of the second generation of Zong Yongtai, Du Fu was 54 years old. On the third day of the first month, he resigned from the post of shogunate and returned to Huanhuaxi. I live in a thatched cottage from spring to summer. In May, my family and I left the thatched cottage. To history (Leshan, Sichuan). June, to Rongzhou (Yibin, Sichuan). From Congzhou to Yuzhou (Chongqing). Wait for the waiter. If it doesn't arrive, go down the canyon first. I went to Zhongzhou (Zhongxian, Sichuan) in autumn and lived in longxing temple Hospital. In September, I went to Yun 'an County (wearing Baidicheng four times). Due to illness, he stayed in Yun 'an and Shui Ge, Yan Mingfu.
In 766, Zongdali was renamed in November, and Du Fu was 55 years old. In spring, in Yun 'an. At that time, Cen Shenfang was a historian and sent him a poem. Spring Festival Evening, moved to Kuizhou. There was a living room in the mountains. In autumn, I moved to Xige. After the autumn, Bai Maolin was the prefect of Kuizhou, and he was quite wealthy. It's a work of reminiscing about an old trip for many years.
767 Ding lives in Dali II, and Du Fu is 56 years old. In Kuizhou. In spring, I moved to Chi Jia from Xige. In March, I moved to a thatched cottage in Lingxi. The house is connected with 40 acres of orchards, several acres of vegetable gardens and several hectares of rice fields, all in the east of Jiangbei. Brother Guan is from Beijing. In autumn, because of the bumper harvest of rice, I temporarily stayed in Dongtun. The righteousness of Wu comes from Zhongzhou, and the sound of Wu lives in Lingxi Caotang. At the right time, I began to renew the idea of traveling to Jingxiang in the east. 10 19, in Kuizhou, I drove Yuan to see Li Shierniang dancing sword. This winter, I am still sick. In autumn, the left ear began to lose hearing.
In 768, Wu Shenchao lived in March and June, and Du Fu was 57 years old. In the middle of the first month, go to the gorge. When I left, I gave it to Nan Qingge in Lingxi Orchard. In March, to Jiangling. Summer is like a foreign city for a while. I stayed in Jiangling for several months, and I was not proud. In late autumn, he moved to Gongan County. In the case of Gu Jieshao, Li Jinsu (Fu Cong) and monk Taiyi, he stayed in the police station for several months. Years old, to Yuezhou.
In 769, Du Fu was 58 years old. In the first month, from Yuezhou to Nanyue, I visited Daolin Temple and watched the Song Wenzhi Wall. I live in Caoqing Lake and Baishayi. Through Xiangyin, I visited the Xiangfuren Temple. Further upstream, I arrived at Shipu in early February and stayed there. After the mouth of Tianjin, the second empty shore. Xu Shi, Su Hua, the second night on the mainland (in Xiangtan). In March, I arrived in Tanzhou (Changsha, Hunan). Fatanzhou, the second Bai Matan, entered Qiaokou. To Tongguan, stop the wind. Send bronze officers to guard the mouth of Xinkang River. The second time I went to Feng Pu, I went to Hengzhou (Hengyang, Hunan). Summer, afraid of heat, back to Tanzhou. When Su Xun lived by the river, suddenly one day, he visited the public on the boat, invited them to recite poems, and rewarded them, so they met. In Tanzhou all the year round.
In 770, Duke Xu became the patriarch in the Five Dynasties and Du Fu died (7 12-770). Du Fu is fifty-nine. In spring, in Tanzhou. On the 21 ST of the first month, I lost my memory. In the second year of Shangyuan, I wrote poems every day. I gave them to Wang Jun and Jing Chaoxian in Hanzhong as a reward. In late spring, I met Li Guinian. In April, avoid chaos into hengchow. I want to go to Chenzhou according to my uncle's Cui Wei. Because I went to Leiyang, when the river rose, I parked in the field and was not allowed to eat for half a day. Nie Lingchi's book is to cook white wine for cattle. I went back to Pakistan in midsummer, took a nap in Tanzhou in autumn, and then traveled to other relatives and friends' homes, back to Hunan, out of Hubei, from Xiangyang to Luoyang, and back to Chang 'an. In winter, I died in Tan Yue and went to Yueyang.