In 382, in the 18th year of Jian Yuan, the former Qin Dynasty, Fu Jian General Lv Guang destroyed Qiuci and brought Qiuci Music to Liangzhou. After Lv Guang's death, Qiuci Le broke up. After Wei pacified the Central Plains and recovered Qiuci music.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Su Zhipo, a Qiuci native, entered the country from the Turkish empress and was good at playing the pipa. He played seven pipa pieces: Gong Sheng, South Lusheng, Horn Sheng, Zheng Sheng, Rain Sound and Gong Sheng.
At the beginning of Emperor Wen's reign (58 1), there were seven songs: Ji Guo, Shangqingji, Gaoliji, Tianzhu Ji, Anguoji, Qiuci Ji and Wenkangji. During the reign of Emperor Kai (590), Qiuci musical instruments flourished in the ruling and opposition parties. Famous musicians at that time were Cao Miaoda, Wang Changtong, Li, Guo and An Jingui. They were proficient in Qiuci string and wind music, and their new voices changed greatly. The princes competed for Mu Shang.
During the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (6 1 1), Emperor Yang Di of the Sui Dynasty decided on nine pieces of music: Le Qing, Xiliang, Qiuci, Tianzhu, Guo Kang, Shule, Anguo and Koryo.
Extended data
Under the influence of the long-standing Qiuci culture, "song and dance lyric" has become a typical feature of all ethnic groups in Qiuci.
Qiuci was a big country among the 36 western regions in Han Dynasty, with developed economy and prosperous culture. Since BC, it has had frequent contact with the Central Plains. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty proclaimed the Emperor, Jiang Bin, King of Qiuci, married Princess Wusun. Later, Jiang Bin took the princess to Chang 'an to congratulate him. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu, gave him "riding a flag and beating drums, singing dozens of people".
After that, Jiang Bin "came to congratulate many times" and returned to Qiuci "to rule the palace, patrol, call in and call out, and hit the bell and drum, just like the Han family's instrument". This major reform has had a far-reaching impact on the development of Qiuci's music and dance art.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the great exchange and integration of culture and nationality, Qiuci culture further developed, and the music art became increasingly prosperous, becoming a music and dance resort in the western regions. Fu Jian, the leader of the former Qin Dynasty, sent Lv Guangping to Qiuci, bringing a large number of Qiuci musicians to the Central Plains, thus kicking off the large-scale eastward spread of Qiuci music and dance.
By the Sui Dynasty, three different forms of Qiuci music had become popular in Chinese mainland. Sui Shu Music records that there are three Qiuci in the west, including Qiuci in Qi and Qiuci in Sui. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Qiuci music and dance. Poem of Lianchang Palace by Yuan Zhen, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "You can travel all over Liangzhou, and colorful Qiuci continues."
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Qiuci local music and dance also entered the peak of development. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang, a famous monk, went to India to learn Buddhist scriptures, and returned to China to write A Record of the Western Regions of Datang. He spoke highly of Qiuci's music art at that time and said, "Qu Zhi? Qiuci country ... orchestral music, a particularly good country. "
Up to now, there are more than 500 Buddhist grottoes in Qiuci area, with murals 1000 square meters. Among them, the image of music and dance is very objective, with about 18 kinds of dances and dozens of dances. Music and dance styles such as Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes all originated from Qiuci Music and Dance.
Qiuci music has developed to a considerable scale and level in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the music types are "song", "music interpretation" and "dance music".
The introduction of Qiuci music promoted the reform of musical instruments in the Central Plains. Nowadays, many musical instruments used by mainland people, such as pipes, cymbals, pipa, waist drum and flute, are closely related to the spread of Qiuci music.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Qiuci Dance gradually broke away from the labor mode and amused itself, and developed into an art with performance means and plot content. The most outstanding achievement is the form of "musical drama", including "Su Curtain Covering", "Da Mian" and "Toutou". A common feature of their dances is that dancers wear masks, which are similar to various figures and animal images, and express a story, which is the primary stage of drama. "Song and Dance Drama" is very popular in the western regions. Since its introduction into the mainland, it has been loved by the ruling and opposition parties.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the strong national strength, Qiuci music and dance had a great influence on the world, especially in Asia. Qiuci music and dance has become a tool for foreign exchange, showing national prestige and developing cultural exchanges. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Japanese envoys were sent to China. When these envoys returned home, they brought back China's music and dances, many of which were Qiuci music. In Japanese "Yayue", there are many pieces of music related to Qiuci, and the cymbals and five-string pipa in Qiuci music have become traditional Japanese musical instruments. Japan still preserves the five-string pipa made in the Tang Dynasty.
Qiuci music and dance also have a great influence on North Korea. The "long drum" spread on the Korean peninsula was introduced with the music and dance of Qiuci. In ancient Korea, a kind of "peach skin" was a variety of Qiuci.
Ancient Vietnam, Myanmar and other countries also had the influence of Qiuci music and dance. "New Tang book, Guo Si? According to Biography of Myanmar Today, there are four pieces of court music in this country. The first piece is the "Qiuci Department", and its musical instrument configuration is exactly the same as that of the "Qiuci Department" in the Tang Dynasty.