? The wandering of scholars had already appeared before the Tang Dynasty. Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty and Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty both roamed in most places across the country, but their wanderings were of an inspection nature. Sima Qian's wanderings were for the purpose of writing " "Historical Records" and Li Daoyuan's wanderings made basic preparations for the completion of "Shui Jing Zhu". The true nature of sightseeing in the mountains and rivers emerged in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At this time, some people traveled to the mountains and rivers to see the beautiful scenery, and some were to avoid worries and fall in love with the mountains and forests. Xie Lingyun is a representative of the former, and a representative of the latter. They are the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. Looking at the wandering life of scholars before the Tang Dynasty, there was no universal social atmosphere. Real large-scale roaming began in the Tang Dynasty. The roaming situation of scholars in the Tang Dynasty was unprecedented. No other feudal dynasty in history could compare with it. Moreover, the roaming life of scholars in the Tang Dynasty was closely related to the prosperity of poetry in the Tang Dynasty. The wandering scholars were the poets of the Tang Dynasty, and their wandering life had a profound impact on the formation of the style of Tang poetry.
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? The emergence of any cultural phenomenon has its profound social roots. The wandering style of poets in the Tang Dynasty is a relatively common cultural phenomenon that arose at one time. , and this phenomenon is directly related to the literary form of poetry, and is undoubtedly inseparable from the mentality of scholars brought about by the prosperity of society in the Tang Dynasty.
? The Tang Dynasty was the peak era of China’s feudal society. The Tang Dynasty was the most prosperous society in China’s feudal society. After the founding of the Tang Dynasty, the surrounding ethnic minorities were pacified, a unified political power was established, and the economy After recovering from the great decline of the Sui Dynasty, coupled with the implementation of enlightened politics by the rulers of the Tang Dynasty, the national power reached its peak during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years. The strong national power creates an extremely favorable environment for the prosperity of culture. The rule of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty accelerated the process of cultural integration between the north and the south that had begun in the Sui Dynasty. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty's attitude of looking down on Huayi played a great role in promoting the integration of north and south culture, as well as Chinese and Western culture.
? The scholars of the Tang Dynasty lived in a society with a unified country, prosperous economy, enlightened politics, and developed culture. They generally developed a kind of self-confidence, held a positive and enterprising attitude towards life, and had a more In order to have great ambition, magnanimity and ambition, many scholars in the Tang Dynasty had not only self-confidence but also arrogant character: Li Bai compared himself with Guan, Ge, Lu Wang and Xie An, hoping to achieve unparalleled achievements. Fan Li retired after success, Du Fu also compared himself to Ji and Qi, and also wanted to serve Jun Yao and Shun. Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling, etc. all did the same. Gao Shi wanted to "do not hesitate to die for thousands of miles to achieve success in one day. Drawing a picture of Qilin Pavilion is like a dynasty." Mingguang Palace." ("Song under the Sai") Cen Shen thought, "My husband is not rich in his thirties, how can he keep his pen and inkstone all day long?" ("Yin Qi Shanxi Pavilion") Wang Changling said, "The Yellow River wears golden armor in every battle, and Loulan will never be defeated until it is defeated." "("Join the Army") It is this arrogant and confident character in them that makes them hope to enter the ruling class and make more contributions to the stability and development of the country.
? Such a mentality of the scholars prompted them to run for the scientific examination. However, the road to scientific examination in Tang Dynasty society was cruel, so some of them took another path. That is, through the fame brought by roaming around the world or by serving in the army at the frontier fortress, they can gain the ruler's recruitment. In this way, the trend of wandering in pursuit of fame has arisen. Many poets traveled south and north, visiting famous mountains, rivers, historical sites, and even the frontier fortress. , enter the famous capital. Of course, pursuing fame and wandering is not the only reason for wandering. The poets' good knighthood, their preference for the beautiful mountains and rivers of their motherland, and their pursuit of Taoism like Li Bai are also indispensable factors that constitute wandering. We can only say that the wandering life of the poets of the Tang Dynasty was based on the pursuit of fame. In the process of wandering, they fully demonstrated their wandering skills, love for nature and belief in Taoism.
? The wanderings of poets in the Tang Dynasty mainly occurred during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. Among the wandering poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was the most famous. Other poets who had wandering experiences include Du Fu, Gao Shi, Meng Haoran, Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan, Cui Hao, Li Qi, Zu Yong, etc. Li Bai's wandering experience can be divided into three periods: First, the period in middle Shu. When Li Bai was about 18 years old, he lived in seclusion in Dakuang Mountain to study. During his several years in Dakuang Mountain, he traveled to and from neighboring counties, including Jiange and Zizhou. When he was 20 years old, he traveled to Chengdu. In the twelfth year of Kaiyuan (724), he visited Mount Emei. In autumn, he went eastward along the Pingqiang River to Yuzhou. The second was before being recruited to Chang'an. In the spring of the 13th year of Kaiyuan, Li Bai left Kuimen and "said farewell to relatives and traveled far away" ("History of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture"). He traveled east to Dongting, climbed Mount Lu, to Jinling, Yangzhou, to Yuezhong, and then traveled west to Yunmeng, Passed through Xiangyang, visited Ruhai, and soon settled in Anlu, Hubei. After getting married in Anlu, he traveled through Jiangxia, Xiangyang, and Luoyang, went north to Taiyuan, south to Suizhou, and returned to Luoyang. Around the 245th year of Kaiyuan, he went west to Chang'an. Seeking official positions, he wandered again after failure, from Liang and Song Dynasties to Luoyang and Xiangyang, and then moved his family to Rencheng, Shandong Province, hiding in Culai Mountain. The third is after "granting gold and returning it". In the first year of Tianbao (742), Li Bai was summoned to Beijing to worship the Imperial Academy, but was soon raped by the powerful officials in the court. Tianbao was forced to leave Chang'an in the name of "granting gold and returning it" in the third year of Tianbao, and began the second great crisis in his life. Wandering, he went east along the Yellow River and came to Luoyang, where he met the 33-year-old Du Fu. The two traveled together in the Liang and Song Dynasties, and met Gao Shi again. The three of them visited the ancient times, drank wine and hunted. , go north to Jimen. Du Fu's wandering life began before he entered Chang'an at the age of thirty-five.
Du Fu went south to Wuyue at the age of 20, and returned to Luoyang at the age of 24. He was not elected as a Jinshi. The next year, he traveled east to Qi and Zhao. At the age of 30, he returned to Luoyang, built a house in Yanshi, got married there, and traveled between Yanshi and Luoyang. When he was 33 years old, he met Li Bai in Luoyang, who had just been "granted and released". The two traveled together in the Liang and Song Dynasties, met Gao Shi, and soon went north to Qilu, passing through Lixia and climbing Mount Tai. Gao Shi also went to Chang'an when he was about 20 years old. Because he was frustrated, he returned to the Liang and Song Dynasties. He stayed in the Liang and Song Dynasties for ten years. Then from the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730) to the 21st year of Kaiyuan, he went north to Jimen and traveled to Yan. Zhao later returned to the middle of the Song Dynasty. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai and Du Fu traveled to the Liang and Song Dynasties. Gao Shi met them and became close friends. They often gathered to drink, went to the flute stage, and traveled to Shan's father's piano stage in Shandong. In the autumn of that year, Gao Shi left Liang Song and went to Chu. It was not until the eighth year of Tianbao's reign (749) that his wandering life ended after he was recommended as an official. Before Meng Haoran was 40 years old, he traveled south to Jiangxi and Hunan, and to the north to Youzhou. He once lived in Luoyang and traveled to Yuezhong. In the 16th year of Kaiyuan (728), he entered Chang'an to take part in the imperial examination and became famous in the poetry world. Then he went south to Wuyue and fell in love with the mountains and rivers. Wang Changling once traveled north to the Helong border area. Cui Hao, Li Qi, and Zu Yong all had the experience of traveling north to Youyan River and south to Jingchu, Wuyue, and south before becoming officials. After Wang Zhihuan was framed and resigned from office, he also lived a life of traveling north and south of the river to pay homage to famous officials.
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? The roaming poets of the Tang Dynasty created a large number of landscape poems, frontier fortress poems, immortal poems, friendship poems and many other themes during their roaming. The themes were diverse and almost Covers all aspects of roaming life. Many of these poems have become famous throughout the ages and have made indelible contributions to establishing the status of Tang poetry in the history of Chinese literature. However, in the process of creating poems with different themes, wandering poets also promoted the formation of the emotional style of Tang poetry. Before the Tang Dynasty, poetry developed into the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and basically had the style of poetry of that era. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, southern poetry was "more valuable than Qingqi", while northern poetry was "more important than temperament" [1]. From the Sui to the early Tang Dynasty, Especially after the further development of the Zhenguan poetry circle in the early Tang Dynasty, the poetry styles of the north and the south tended to merge. By the time of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, poetry had moved from the fusion of the freshness and brightness of Southern Dynasty literature with the freshness and vigor of Northern Dynasty literature to a style that was both strong-minded and cheerful. The realm formed a unique poetic style under the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
? The maturity of Tang poetry is inseparable from the contributions of wandering poets in the Tang Dynasty.
? The influence of roaming poets on the style of Tang poetry is huge, which is closely related to their character and temperament. The wanderings of poets are largely due to their extraordinary characters and temperaments. Li Bai is free and uninhibited, arrogant and independent, Du Fu is strong and brave in nature, aloof, conceited and unruly, Wang Changling is bold and chivalrous, Meng Haoran is aloof, aloof and self-admiring, Wang Zhihuan is "generous and broad-minded", Cui Hao is arrogant Chivalrous habits. It was the arrogant and confident character and temperament of the poets that made them ambitious. In order to achieve their goals of gaining fame, traveling around mountains and rivers, and seeking immortality, they chose to roam. Poets who pursued fame took advantage of wandering to seek opportunities to join the world when their ambitions were not realized, and they took advantage of wandering to vent their anger when they were demoted.
Poets are born with characters and temperaments that they continue to shape in their wandering life, which enables them to write heroic poems with awe-inspiring character. When Li Bai left his home in Donglu and wandered around again, he pinned his grief and indignation when he first entered Chang'an in pursuit of failed achievements on the Shu Road, which has steep peaks and cliffs and thousands of gorges and rocks. It means that the world is difficult and dangerous, and entering the world is as difficult as climbing the Shu Road. It can crush my eyebrows and bend my waist, but it makes me unhappy" ("Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Liu Farewell"). In "About Drinking", he expressed the heroic spirit of "I am born with talents that will be useful", and wrote about the surging passion of drinking to drown sorrows, such as the heroic momentum and power of a rushing river. Gao Shi's bold poetic style is "just in line with his character". The work that best reflects his character and temperament is """" written in the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738) after he returned from his first trip to the north. "Yan Ge Xing", the poem is full of majestic temperament and strong bones. The whole work is permeated with the generosity of a man. The poem also criticizes the generals. When Du Fu visited Shandong for the first time (in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan), he composed "Looking at the Mountains". His subjective consciousness blended with the tall image of Mount Tai, showing Du Fu's lofty ambitions and his vision of the universe.
? Based on their own temperament and character, other wandering poets reflected extraordinary magnanimity and ambition in their poems, forming a poetic style with awe-inspiring style. Wang Changling has the majestic spirit of "but the flying generals in the dragon city are here, and he does not teach Huma to cross the Yin Mountain" (the first of "Two Poems on the Crossroads"). Wang Zhihuan also has the majestic spirit of "far above the Yellow River among the white clouds, there is an isolated city on the Wanren Mountain" ("The Wanren Mountain") The vigorous spirit of "Two Poems of Liangzhou" (Part 1) by Cui Hao has also lost the boldness and grace of "The Yellow Crane is gone and never returns, and the white clouds are empty for thousands of years" ("Yellow Crane Tower"). Of course, in addition to the poets' own character and temperament during their wanderings, which had an important impact on the formation of the style of Tang poetry, the mutual influence of the characters and temperaments of the poets during their wanderings also played a role in the formation of the style of Tang poetry. Du Fu admired Gao Shi's personality and temperament. , and was very interested in his spirited poetry, which influenced his later creations. His later creation "War Chariots" has a similar style to Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing" [3].
? Wandering poets promoted the style of Tang poetry to a clear maturity, and at the same time they also created a bright and bright side of Tang poetry.
The style of Tang poetry is reflected in the majestic, majestic, romantic, tragic and generous style, while the cheerfulness and brightness of Tang poetry are mainly reflected in the natural and bright graceful charm, fresh and bright beautiful images. The wandering poets' development of the cheerful and bright style of Tang poetry is mainly reflected in their sincere love for the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland, and in their elegant, leisurely and happy mood.
? Li Bai is the master of this style of poetry. Li Bai's character not only had a wild and proud side, but also a cheerful, free and adaptable side. It was his cheerfulness and freedom that enabled him to create a large number of fresh and elegant poems full of emotional charm. Li Bai's works of this kind mainly exist in his landscape poems, poems about immortals and poems about poetry. In his landscape poems, as long as he liked the natural things he saw in his wandering life, he wrote them beautifully, brightly, freshly and brightly, and also gave them special aesthetic sentiments, which made him feel at ease for a moment. His poem "Moon Song of Mount Emei" reads: "Mount Emei has a half-moon, its shadow is reflected in the water of the Pingqiang River. The clear stream flows to the Three Gorges at night, and I miss you when you go to Yuzhou without seeing me." The poem "Climbing the Five Old Peaks of Mount Lu" goes : "The Wulao Peak in the southeast of Lushan Mountain, golden hibiscus is cut out of the blue sky. The beauty of Jiujiang can be taken in, and I will nest the clouds and pine trees here." While Li Bai was roaming the famous mountains and rivers, seeking immortality and worshiping Taoism, the mysterious and ethereal enlightenment of Taoism made him even more moved. Li Bai's emotions were dissolute. He concentrated his thoughts in the illusory realm and wrote a large number of cheerful and bright poems about immortals. For example, "Ancient Style" (Part 19) says: "Western Mountain Lotus Mountain. Far away to see stars. Holding hibiscus in bare hands. Empty steps are too clear. Colorful clothes are trailing wide belts. Flying up to the sky. Invite me to climb the cloud platform. Gao Yishu uncle Wei Dear, I walked away in a daze, looking down at Luoyang River. The wild grass was covered with blood. "Looking at the lonely mountain" also said: "Looking at the stone wall, it seems like there are no trees." In the blue sky, there are five rainbows, and the sky is like a long bridge. The immortals are like loving me, and they raise their hands to greet each other." In his poems, he also writes clearly and vividly. The artistic conception expresses the poet's deep philosophical thoughts.
? Wandering poets Meng Haoran, Cui Hao, Li Qi and others also made great contributions to the bright and bright style of Tang poetry. The poems that Meng Haoran wrote when he was roaming in the Wuyue water town can be seen in the blend of his pure emotions and scenery, thus reflecting the plain, distant and interesting poetic style. "Sujian Dejiang" blends my lonely mood with the wilderness, the sky is low, and the river is clear and the moon is close. "Riding on Yexi" makes my mood relaxed and relaxed, and the writing is pure and generous. Cui Hao and Zu Yong both wrote poems rich in southern style when they traveled in the south. The bright and handsome narrative of Cui Hao's "Four Changqian Songs" (Part 1) is full of refreshing and refreshing characteristics. Zu Yong's "Jiangnan Travel" also has a bright and bright Jiangnan sentiment in the desolate feeling of homesickness and retrospection. rhyme.
? In summary, the roaming poets had a huge impact on the Tang poetry’s strong and cheerful style. Their wanderings from north to south had an impact on their poetry creation in many aspects. Many poems with strong character and cheerful and bright poetic style created during the wandering life not only influenced his own creations outside of the wandering life, but also influenced the creation of many poets in the Tang Dynasty. They not only contributed to the formation of this poetic style , and together with most other poets in the Tang Dynasty, pushed this poetic style to its peak.