China banquet is an inseparable part of Chinese food civilization. Banquet is not only a material form, but also a spiritual form. The ancients said, "The ceremony begins with the ceremony, and the diet begins." "It is impolite to hold a banquet to entertain guests." Banquet is connected with ceremony, and banquet is connected with emotion, which is true at all times and in all countries. Banquet has the characteristics of gathering, standardization, sociality and etiquette, which determines that it is indispensable in ancient times, in modern times and in the future. Because eating is the starting point and ultimate destination of human beings. Eating and drinking at a banquet is different from eating and drinking in a daily diet. Eating and drinking in a banquet is a form of emotion, ceremony, appearance, pleasure, fun and enjoyment, and it is also a means for human beings to pursue the beauty of drinking.
Nothing is ancient except today. In today's society, people hold and participate in various banquets as one of the social means to exchange information, give up their wishes and thank their friends. It is different from daily dining and has certain etiquette rules. However, impolite behavior is often seen at various banquets.
However, in the banquet activities in ancient China, there were various etiquette norms, which formed a set of catering etiquette. Ancient people invited guests, the general procedure is: confirm the banquet, the host sent an invitation, the car greeted them, and waited at the door. When the guests come to meet you, please sit in the hall, offer tea and cigarettes, and be accompanied. After a short rest, guide the guests to their seats and give up their seats to each other. Even if it is a family dinner before the banquet, parents should say a few words, which is equivalent to a speech.
Dinner is served, first cold and then hot, first big and then ordinary, with snacks in the middle, and finally on the fruit plate. Every time a dish is served, the host will raise a glass and give a chopstick to persuade him to eat. No matter the host or the guest, we should follow this etiquette, which is what is said in the Book of Rites Quli:
"* * * * don't choose your hands", that is, when eating with others, check the cleanliness of your hands and wash your hands before eating;
"Don't slap the rice", don't rub the rice into a rice ball, and then devour it, which is suspected of competing for food;
"No rice", don't put the rice in your hand back on the plate and bowl, so as not to give people the feeling of impurity;
"No flow", don't drink all over your mouth, giving people greedy eyes;
"Don't eat", don't slurp and make noise when eating;
"Don't chew bones", don't chew bones excessively, giving people an indecent impression;
Don't put the bitten fish back on the plate and bowl, but eat it to show hygiene. Take less when you eat, and take less if it is not enough.
"Don't throw dog bones", don't throw meat bones to dogs, lest the host mistakenly think that his banquet is only served with dog food;
"don't take anything", don't pick the kind of food you like, it will be selfish;
"Don't lift the rice", don't lift the hot rice just because you want to eat faster, so as to dissipate heat, which makes you impatient;
"Don't use chopsticks to eat small rice", use a special spoon to avoid giving people the feeling of eating;
"Don't lick the soup", don't gulp down the soup, and eat the soup with vegetables with chopsticks;
"Don't pour soup", guests should not mix soup in front of the host, as if their cooking is better than the host;
"Don't pick your teeth", don't pick your teeth in public, it looks unsightly, wait until after dinner;
"Don't drink sauce" makes people feel that you have never seen the world.
"The guest can't enjoy the soup, and the host can't enjoy the soup." If a guest is mixing soup, the host will apologize for his poor cooking. Please forgive me.
"If the guest drinks the sauce, the host will apologize and say that the food is boring." ：
"Bite meat with your teeth, not dried meat", cooked meat can be bitten off with your teeth, dried meat should not be bitten with your teeth, and you must share it with your hands or knives.
"Don't stir-fry", eat mutton skewers and large pieces of barbecue, don't swallow them all at once, it will fill your mouth and be wolfed down;
"* * * do not have enough to eat", that is, eat with others, don't overeat, and pay attention to civility and humility;
"If you eat, the guest kneels from the front. If you withdraw the meal, the host will be happy, leave the guest, and then the guest will sit down." After eating, the guests should get up and clean up the dishes with pickles on the table and give them to the servants next to them. The host will get up and ask the guests not to clean up, then the guests will sit down and so on.
The above is a set of food etiquette in ancient China, which has a great influence on the food culture of the Chinese nation in later generations. The purpose of this complicated etiquette is to require people to have the moral character of "respecting each other", so as to ensure courtesy, respect and order, and realize the dining style of "paying attention to courtesy and treating each other equally". From a modern point of view, although the purpose of this set of red tape is feudal, some civilized factors still have reference value for us today.
Modern social etiquette forms are becoming more and more simple and practical. With the development of society, interpersonal relationships are more and more equal, the pace of life is accelerated, and table civilization is paid more and more attention. People regard eating as one of the criteria for judging whether they are educated or not. Banquet etiquette, although there was no red tape in ancient society, there were still some ritual procedures. As the saying goes, "many people don't blame you for being polite." If you show high manners in gestures, dining images and speeches at banquets, it will help to shape your public image, gain the respect of others, promote the development of your career and help you succeed socially.
2. What is the common sense of ancient culture in classical Chinese? Source: Number of hits provided by users: 44 1 updated on July 6, 200816:14: 29. I, the national examination of the imperial examination system-palace examination Juren-Gong Jinshi Xieyuan Hou. Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue, Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue and Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue 3. Yin and Yang: In ancient times, Shannan was Yang, and Shannan was Yin 4. Nanjing: Jiankang, Jinling 5. Yangzhou: Guangling 6. Suzhou: Gusu 7. Chengdu: Golden Crown City 3. Appointment and removal of official positions: granting official positions; Except: exempting old posts from new posts; Grant: to grant an official position; "withdrawal"; Transfer: transfer, generally referring to promotion; Left shift: demotion and transfer; Stop: dismissal, suspension; Exemption: Exemption from official position; Abandon: depose, demote; Chen: Demotion and transfer 4. Time: morning (noon): (noon) evening: new moon: the first day of the lunar calendar: the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar: the sixteenth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, also known as 1, and Wang Meng: Wang Haoran 2, an idyllic poet. Ouyang Xiu 4, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan 5, four famous writers in the early Tang Dynasty, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo 6, Su Xin, Su Shi, Xin Qiji 7, Kong Meng 8, three world short story writers, Chekhov, O Henry 9, and four cultural celebrities, Qu Yuan and Mencius 9. Su San: Su Shi, Su Zhe, Su Xun 12, Su Huang: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian 13, four famous writers of Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Zheng Guangzu, Ma Zhiyuan 14, four famous literary works: A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin Journey to the West/kloc-0. Three friends in cold years: Songzhumei 17, Four Gentlemen in Flowers: Mei Lanzhuju 18, Four Treasures of the Study: Pen and ink 19, * * *: Guo Feng in the Book of Songs, Li Sao in Chu Ci 20, Yuefu Shuangbi: Peacock East Brother: Brother: Poet: Poet. Chrysanthemum: yellow flowers; Cuckoo: sub-rule; Hometown: Mulberry; Country: country; History: history:10; Civilians: cloth:11; War: beacon smoke:12; Music. Characters posthumous title Li Bai: Shi Jushi Bai Juyi: Xiangshan Jushi Su Shi: Dongpo Jushi Pu: Liu Quan Jushi is called Mr. Liaozhai Du Fu: Poet Saint Tao Yuanming: State Master Ouyang Xiu: Drunk Poet Liu Qingzhao: Yi 'an Jushi Lu You: Xin Qiji: Jia Xuanmeng Zi: Yasheng's name, character and number were given by the ancients when they were young, and words were taken in adulthood.
Names are given by fathers or elders. Words have a meaningful connection with names.
Words are for the convenience of others. Courtesy and respect for peers or elders.
Number, also known as nickname and table number, is chosen by oneself to express some interest or express some emotion. Standing at the age of eight or thirty, standing at the age of forty, not confused, knowing the destiny, and being crowned as an adult. Nine, the number of years, remember the year of heavenly stems and earthly branches. Ten, the naming method of the collection. Native place: Liuhe Dongji Library: Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio. Inscription: Complete Works of Li Taibai, alias: Jia Xuan's long and short sentences. Posthumous title: Ouyang Wenzhong's Collection of Official Documents. Official post: Du Gongbu Collection. Famous people and events: Pangu opened the sky, Nu Wa made up the sky by refining stones, Jingwei reclaimed the sea, Fuxi invented gossip, and Kuafu chased the sun. 12. Monograph The Book of Songs: The First Book of Poetry: The First River Monograph Historical Records: The First Biography, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Zuo Zhuan: The First Book.
3. Common sense of classical Chinese The following are some commonly used words in the appointment, dismissal and promotion of official positions: (1) Bye-bye.
Grant a certain official position or a position with certain etiquette. For example, in the preface to the southern tour guide, "so the word is printed without worship" means that you will not accept the seal of the prime minister and will not take office.
(2) in addition. Worship the official position, such as "giving one right prime minister and one Tang envoy" (the word "fen" in the preface to the South Guide means giving an official position.
(3) ".Promote official positions, such as" The Warring States Policy Yance ":"The first king raised his hand and stood above the ministers among the guests. "
(4) moving. Official transfer includes promotion, demotion and lateral transfer.
In order to make it easier to distinguish, people often add a word before or after the word "move". Promotion is called transfer, transfer, transfer, demotion is called transfer, transfer, transfer. Lateral transfer is called transfer, transfer, and transfer after leaving the company is called transfer. (5) Chen.
Demote officials or transfer them to remote areas. The word "down" in Yueyang Tower and Teng Jiangshou Baling County is to demote an official.
(6) "Hu" and "strike, exemption and seizure" are both dismissed from office.
For example, Mandarin: "The public will stand up for Prince Shen Sheng." (7) Go ahead.
There are three kinds of dismissal: resignation, transfer and dismissal. Resignation and transfer belong to the general situation and official position adjustment, and dismissal is a demotion to people.
(8) begging for bones. When you are old, please resign and retire. For example, Zhang Hengchuan said, "Look at things for three years, and write a letter begging for bones and worshiping ministers."
In ancient times, official titles were titles and titles, which were awarded to nobles and heroes by ancient emperors. According to the old saying, there were five titles in the Zhou Dynasty, namely, public title, Hou title, Bo title, sub-title and male title, and the title system of later generations often varied from time to time.
For example, in the early Han Dynasty, Prince Liu Bangli was the king, and the seven chivalrous men were the king, among which Peng Yue was Liang Wang and Ying Bu was the king of Huainan. Wei was named King Chen; Don Guo Ziyi was named Guo Ziyi; Nuerhachi, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, made his son Azig the Prince of England, Tudor the Prince of Yu and Haug the Prince of Su. For another example, in Song Dynasty, Kou Zhun sealed Lai Guogong, Wang Anshi sealed Jing Guogong, and Sima Guang was Wen Guogong; In Ming Dynasty, Li Shanchang named Han Gong, Li Wenzhong named Cao Guogong, Liu Ji named Chengbo, and Wang Yangming named Xinbo. In the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan sealed the first class Yi, left the second class Hou, and Li Hongzhang sealed the first class Su Yibo.
The prime minister is the highest official position in the feudal bureaucracy, and he is the person who manages state affairs according to the will of the monarch. Sometimes called, often called the Prime Minister, or "Xiang" for short.
For example, The Chen She Family: "Governors will be better." "Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "And mediocrity is still shameful, and the situation is almost the same! "Shuxiang:" Where is the famous Prime Minister's Temple? It is in the Silk City near a deep pine forest. " 《
One surname refers to two official positions. First, in ancient times, a surname, a teacher and a Taibao were called "three publics". Later, most of them were appointed as big officials, indicating that they were not favored by real jobs. For example, Zhao Pu and Wen Yanbo in the Song Dynasty were given titles by their surnames. Secondly, in ancient times, it was also called Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu and Prince Taibao as the "Three Divisions of the East Palace", all of whom were the teachers of the Prince. Taishi is the abbreviation of Taishi Prince, and later it gradually became a virtual title.
For example, in Plum Blossom Ridge, Yan Zhenqing was once given the title of Prince, so he called it. Another example is that in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang had eight virtual titles, and finally he added the title of Prince Taishi. In the Qing Dynasty, Hong Chengchou was also named the Prince Taishi, but he didn't actually give lectures to the Prince.
Teacher, please refer to "teacher". One of the ancient "three fairs".
It also refers to one of the "three divisions of the East Palace". For example, Jia Yi once served as Prince of Changsha and Liang Shaobao successively. First, Shao Shi, Shao Fu and Shao Bao were called "three orphans" in ancient times, and then they gradually became empty names. For example, in Plum Blossom Ridge, "Wen Shaobao once realized the great light to eliminate cicadas", and Wen Tianxiang was once an official of Shaobao, so he called it. Secondly, in ancient times, Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu, and Prince Shaobao were called "East Palace and Three Little" and gradually became a hollow name.
Shangshu was originally an official in charge of the memorial. There were no six in the early Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, six departments were designated as officials, households, rituals, soldiers, criminals and workers, and ministers and assistant ministers were the chief officials of each department.
For example, "Zhang Hengchuan": "Write a letter begging for bones and worship the ministers." For another example, Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher, is an official minister, Bai Juyi, a poet, is an official minister, and Shi Kefa is an official minister.
Bachelor's degree was the official position in charge of etiquette department and editing in Wei and Jin Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, he referred to Hanlin as a bachelor, became the emperor's secretary and adviser, and participated in confidential affairs, so he was called "the inner phase".
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although he was also a bachelor of Hanlin, he was responsible for reading, giving lectures, editing and editing Jishi Shu, but his status and responsibilities were different from those in the Tang and Song Dynasties. For example, "Preface to the South Guide" is a bachelor's degree in the Prime Minister's Hall and an official position granted by Wen Tianxiang after he resigned as prime minister; "Tan Sitong" "You recommended Jing to be a bachelor, Xu Gong", Xu Zhijing was a bachelor of imperial academy at that time, and imperial academy was an official position dedicated to giving lectures to the emperor.
Bai Juyi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Sima Guang, Shen Kuo and Song Lian. They are all academicians of Hanlin. In the official system of the Zhou Dynasty in Shang Qing, both the emperor and the vassal had Qing, which was divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower, and the most distinguished one was called "Shang Qing".
For example, Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: "Lian Po is General Zhao ... and worships Shangqing." General) is the highest title of general in pre-Qin and western Han dynasties.
For example, Emperor Gaozu took Han Xin as the general, and Emperor Wudi took Wei Qing as the general. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it gradually became a virtual title without a real position.
The position of general was established during the Ming and Qing wars and abolished after the war. "Zhang Hengchuan" said that "General Deng Zhi is wise", and Deng Zhi was the general of Emperor Han 'an at that time.
Participation in politics is also called "participation in politics". He was one of the highest government officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was called "Zaizhi" with Tongping, Tang and Bianmi.
Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi all held this position in the Song Dynasty. The word "Lu Gong" in "Diligence and Fitness" refers to Lu Zongdao in Song Zhenzong.
"Tan Sitong" "Those who participated in the New Deal were better than those who participated in politics in Tang and Song Dynasties, and they were actually prime ministers". The military department, the minister of military affairs, was the administrative agency that assisted the emperor in the Qing Dynasty.
There is no fixed number of incumbents, usually princes, university students, ministers, assistant ministers or Beijing Hall, and they are called military ministers. Military ministers range from three or four to six or seven, and are called "pivot ministers".
In the late Qing Dynasty, only Zuo, Zhang Zhidong and Yuan Shikai served as military ministers for a short time. "Tan Sitong", "The Minister of Military Aircraft is resolute and effective, and he is well supervised".
For Zhang Jing of military aircraft, see the article "Minister of Military Aircraft". He is an official of the military department and a subordinate of the military minister. He is called a "small military plane".
Tan sitong: "There are more than four emperors.
4. Tell me something about ancient common sense, if you know which one it is. Five thousand years of common sense about money is not easy to understand.
1 meter silver 1 two =2 stones, which is 377.6 Jin. Rmb 1.75 yuan/kg.
Fine pork silver 1 six cents =8 kg+13.2 yuan/kg.
Silver 1 Money Cent =8 kg RMB 9.5 yuan/kg.
Five catties of beef and seventy-five cents of silver are equivalent to RMB 9.9 yuan/catty.
The price of five Jin of main carp is 1 silver, equivalent to 13.2 yuan/Jin.
The price of chestnuts is 5 kg, and silver is 6.5%, which is equivalent to RMB 8.6 yuan/kg.
The price of a live fat chicken is 4 cents of silver, 26.4 yuan/chicken.
The price of four pieces of white cloth is 8 yuan silver, equivalent to RMB 132.2 yuan/piece.
Cotton candy is 6 cents per catty, equivalent to RMB 39.6/catty.
The price of high-grade red dates is 100 kg, and the price of silver is 225 yuan, 16.5 yuan/kg.
I'll try two yellow silk umbrellas, and the silver price is 60 cents for RMB 3 yuan/pair.
The price of five shovels used for instruments of torture is two yuan and five cents, equivalent to RMB 33 yuan/shovel.
This is the price in the prosperous period of the Ming Dynasty. To supplement your question, money will increase and decrease at different times. Another penny is equivalent to 0.2 yuan's money now.
Riding 800 Li a day, the people have their own horses (just one horse) to rest and eat on time, 500 Li a day. If you use a carriage, it is estimated that you will have to walk about 500 miles without rest that day. It takes about three or four months to get to Nanjing by boat from Beijing. The flow direction of the Grand Canal is divided into four nodes, each of which is different. You can find the detailed information of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal on Baidu Encyclopedia. (Supplement: One mile equals 500 meters, that is, half a kilometer)
3 In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there were 360 states in China, which governed 1557 counties. The population is about 90 million. The population is in units of ten thousand. The average population of this county is about 56,000. The average number of people in state capitals is about 200,000-300,000. During the Anshi Rebellion, the population was about 60 million to 20 million (according to historical records, the rebellion at that time was unknown. )
4 Blue silk and blue robe Tsing Yi, although all have the word blue, is not the color you understand. For example, it is understood as black hair in Qingsi's poems. (Li Bai, although it is silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night) There is also a silk thread, which means that the hair is blue (Yuefu poetry anthology, Xianghe Song III, sung by Shang Mo).
Blue refers to a kind of clothing, and blue here does not refer to cyan. Blue robe is generally understood as blue robe. Ancient cyan and black are two colors, which can't be confused. In addition, after the Han Dynasty, cyan was a "cheap color", and inferior people wore cyan clothes.
5 gold: white and milky series. Wood: green, blue and green series. Water: black and blue series. Fire: red and purple series.
Earth: yellow and khaki series.
The above is my original information.
5. Chinese in senior high school is a compulsory course. Common sense of ancient classical Chinese "When the candle is used to stop Qin" 1. Universal word 1. Now that I am old, I can't do anything. )
2.*** Its exhaustion (* * *, through "replenishment", replenishment. 3. Fujin, why are you tired? (Tired, "ashamed", satisfied. )
4. If you don't miss Qin, take it (miss, preach "miss", invade. Qin Bo said that he was happy to form an alliance with Zheng. )
6. I don't know what I have lost, and I don't know. Second, ancient and modern different meanings 1. Gu Ye: It belongs to two subjects and verbs; Today: capitalization and numerals of "two".
2. If she thinks the host is Gu: a master on the Oriental Road; Today: generally refers to the host of the banquet. 3. Baggage exchange, * * * is exhausted: the messenger, the person who sent the task; Today: point out what the door person carries with him.
4. Mrs. Wei is not as powerful as this: that person; Today: address ordinary people's wives. 3. Flexible use of parts of speech (examples) (1) Flexible use of nouns 1. Nouns as adverbials ① Come out at night (indicating time, night) ② Set up a board at night (indicating time, morning, night) ③ Seal Zheng to the east (indicating place, in the east) 2. Nouns as verbs ① Jin Army Hanling/Qin Jun Branch.
Masterpiece manufacturing movement, manufacturing ... into a boundary) (2) Sparrow is beneficial to gold (benefit: benefit, benefit. Nouns move, make ... benefit) 3 The country is far away.
(2) Flexible use of the verb is 1. Verb as noun Your taste is given by Jin Jun, (give, verb as noun, favor) 2. Verbs are used as verbs. 1. If there is no shortage of Qin (use verbs to make ... cut) 2. If you die, it will be good for you. Thin strength) 5 * * is exhausted (exhausted, lacking things) 2. Adjectives as verbs are awkward and heartless (adjectives as verbs are harmful) (4) The numeral "er" is used flexibly in Chu (the numeral "er" is used flexibly as a verb and belongs to two subjects). Polysemy (1) Important notional words: (Example: What will you do if the country can't bear it? Zuozhuan? Yin AD) "Candle's Martial Arts Retire Qin Shi" 1. Universal word 1. Now that I am old, I can't do anything. )
2.*** Its exhaustion (* * *, through "replenishment", replenishment. 3. Fujin, why do you hate it? (Tired, "ashamed", satisfied. )
4. If you don't miss Qin, take it (miss, preach "miss", invade. Qin Bo said that he was happy to form an alliance with Zheng. )
6. I don't know what I have lost, and I don't know. Second, ancient and modern different meanings 1. Gu Ye: It belongs to two subjects and verbs; Today: capitalization and numerals of "two".
2. If she thinks the host is Gu: a master on the Oriental Road; Today: generally refers to the host of the banquet. 3. Baggage exchange, * * * is exhausted: the messenger, the person who sent the task; Today: point out what the door person carries with him.
4. Mrs. Wei is not as powerful as this: that person; Today: address ordinary people's wives. 3. Flexible use of parts of speech (examples) (1) Flexible use of nouns 1. Nouns as adverbials ① Come out at night (indicating time, night) ② Set up a board at night (indicating time, morning, night) ③ Seal Zheng to the east (indicating place, in the east) 2. Nouns as verbs ① Jin Army Hanling/Qin Jun Branch.
Masterpiece manufacturing movement, manufacturing ... into a boundary) (2) Sparrow is beneficial to gold (benefit: benefit, benefit. Nouns move, make ... benefit) 3 The country is far away.
(2) Flexible use of the verb is 1. Verb as noun Your taste is given by Jin Jun, (give, verb as noun, favor) 2. Verbs are used as verbs. 1. If there is no shortage of Qin (use verbs to make ... cut) 2. If you die, it will be good for you. Thin strength) 5 * * is exhausted (exhausted, lacking things) 2. Adjectives as verbs are awkward and heartless (adjectives as verbs are harmful) (4) The numeral "er" is used flexibly in Chu (the numeral "er" is used flexibly as a verb and belongs to two subjects). Polysemy (1) Important notional words: (Example: What will you do if the country can't bear it? Zuozhuan? Two pairs (for example, he has more than two ministers).
Liang Qichao's "On young chinese") ③ Not single-minded (for example, second, confused. Xunzi? (4) centrifugal separation from Germany, betrayal (such as the bribe of husband and vassal, gathered in the government, the vassal is two.
Zuo Zhuan) 5 Again, repeat. (Example: Don't be angry, don't be angry.
The Analects of Confucius? Yong also ") 6 subordinate two masters. (This article: rude to Jin, rude to Chu. )
2. A border town, a remote place (for example, Xue Ji: "There are two monks in Shu." (This article: "Yue Guo Yuan") ② Vulgar and despicable.
(Example: "Zuo Zhuan? Ten years of Zhuang Gong: "Carnivores are frivolous and fail to make long-term plans." ) look down, look down.
(Example: "Zuo Zhuan? Zhao Gong of sixteen years: "I am polite, but my husband still despises me.". ") 3. Xu ① allows (the same as modern Chinese) ② agrees, obeys (such as this article: Xu Zhi, Xu Junjiao, Leisure) ③ agrees (such as Yishan: Mixed Words)."
) 4 Approximation (Example: Xiaoshitang Ji: "There are more than a hundred fish in the pond." (5) Table Office (Example: Tao Yuanming's Biography of Mr. Wuliu: "Sir, I don't know who."
) 4.①què (1) Tall buildings on both sides of ancient palaces. Guo Jun was surprised. He came out to see Bian Que in the middle of Historical Records? Bian Que biography) (2) Qujin Tower (3) Qujin Palace, extended to the imperial court (Yi Que wrote a letter, and the book was not reported to Hanshu for a long time? (Biography of Zhu Maichen) (4) Qu Lingtong's "lack", lack, vacancy (rice was expensive last year, and there was a shortage of food. This year, rice was cheap, which hurt farmers.
Du Fu's New Year's Party).
6. Summary of common knowledge points of classical Chinese style.
1. Theory is a genre of ancient prose. From the content point of view, style can describe things, explain things and make comments; Most of them are about one thing and a discussion, which requires the author's profound views on a certain problem. This kind of "theory", its narration and discussion are all to show the author's views on a certain problem or phenomenon in social life. Essentially, it belongs to a style of argumentative writing, which is similar to modern essays or essays. In junior high school, I learned Ma Shuo, speaking and borrowing books.
Table is a special style in ancient China. In ancient times, courtiers wrote letters to the monarch with various names. The Warring States period was collectively referred to as "book", and "book" was the general name of letters and opinions. In the Han dynasty, this writing method was divided into four subcategories: chapter, performance, speech and discussion. Liu Xie wrote in Wen Xin Diao Long. The chapter table reads: "Zhang Xie-en, with scattered play, expression, discussion of differences." It can be seen that the main function of table is to express the loyalty and hope of courtiers to the monarch, and "moving with emotion" is a basic feature of this style. In addition, this style has its own special format, such as saying "what did I say" at the beginning, and often saying "I am awed, nod my head and die" at the end. Our junior high school textbooks choose examples from Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch", that is, "Table".
3. Preface, also called "preface", "preface" and "introduction", is an article placed before a book or text. In ancient times, another kind of preface was farewell speech, which was called "the preface of giving words", and its content was mostly words of praise, emphasis or encouragement to the relatives and friends given. For example, Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang is a gift preface written by the author to his hometown. There is also a preface written in front of a poem, called "preface to a poem", which tells more about the content of the story or the source of the poem, such as Su Shi's Mink Head. "When is the bright moon?" was ordered: "Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drunk, drunk, writing this article, pregnant." This preface explains the origin and process of lyrics.
4. It became a style to engrave ancient words on articles to warn yourself or state achievements. Generally, rhyme is used, the form is short, the text is concise, and the content contains praise and warning. What we have learned is Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription.
5. Documentary is an ancient prose genre. "Remember" in classical Chinese is equivalent to the form of "remember" in modern Chinese. For example, Little Stone Pond is Little Stone Pond, which describes the whereabouts and scenery of Little Stone Pond. Most of these articles are travel notes, which are prose genres used to describe travel experiences, political life, social features, customs, mountains and rivers, and places of interest. Followed by some ordinary narrative prose or "miscellaneous notes" (including such as "Peach"
Preface to Hua Yuan Ji). In addition to the above two articles, we also studied Yueyang Tower, Zuiweng Pavilion, Man Jing's Travels and Nuclear Ship.
6. Pass an article about your life. Generally speaking, most of them describe the life stories of people who are more influential and outstanding in history. Narration, description and other methods are often used to express the life style of characters. This style is used in history books. Generally written by others, such as Zhang Hengchuan. , but also write their own biographies, such as Tao Yuanming's biography of Mr.
7. Books are letters, and letters of the ancients were also called "books" or "letters". They are an applied style. They record many things and express their feelings. The literary functions of Yi Yu are varied: it can express feelings, such as Sima Qian's Letter from Renan and Lin Juemin's Letter from His Wife; You can also write landscapes, such as Wu Jun's "With Zhu Yishu"; You can write personal events and feelings, such as Ji Kang's Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan. You can also pay homage to dignitaries, encourage later learning, and form a unique tradition of calligraphy and prose. These letters are beautifully laid out and of high quality.