"Political prisoners listen to cicadas and don't enter the order". It is a matter of the Dharma Hall to ban the west of the wall. There are several ancient locust trees. Although businessmen know each other, they are both ancient trees. The hearing will be held in Gan Tang, Zhou. Every evening, the sun shines gloomily, and Qiu Chan pulls it out, making a quiet sound and smelling it. When people's hearts are different from those of others, they will be sad because of the sound of insects. Ha ha! Sound moves, virtue is like a saint. Therefore, cleaning his body is also a noble act of a gentleman; Shed its skin, and it has the spirit of a fairy capital. Then follow the number of yin and yang; It is necessary to change the festival and take the opportunity to review Tibet. Open your eyes and don't be confused by Tao; With thin wings, it is easy to be true but not vulgar. Singing the breeze of the tree, the rhyme is natural; Drinking the dew of high autumn is clear and awesome. A servant is not easy to lose his way, and time rewards him. Don't be sad but feel sorry for yourself, first decline and then shake it off. When I heard the flowing sound, I realized that I had been rehabilitated; Seeing the shadow of mantis, I am afraid of crisis. Poetry is composed of feelings, and feelings make friends. Normal mind should follow things, weak feathers fall; The Tao sends people to know, and the pity is lonely. Not pen and ink, but worry and worry. (full order)
Song of Yan In the 26th century, a guest returned from Rong Yuan and wrote a song of Yan as a consolation. Sense (there is a little bit in the middle, I can't spell, hehe,; ) and how.
Pipa line moved to Sima and Jiujiang county for ten years. Next autumn, seeing off guests in Songpukou and listening to those who play the pipa in the middle of the night will have the clank of iron in Kyoto. Ask him, Ben Chang 'an advocates women. I studied pipa under Mu and Cao, and when I was old and faded, I committed myself to be Jia's wife. Then he ordered wine and asked Aauto Quicker to play some songs. When I was young, I told myself my happiness. Now I am wandering, haggard and wandering between rivers and lakes. After two years as an official, I feel at ease and feel that I have moved towards the future. Because of long sentences and songs, every 612 words are called pipa xing.
On October 19th, the second year of Dali, "Watching Gong Sundaniang's disciples dance swords", Quefu made a special trip to drive to see Li Linying's Shierniang's sword dance, which was magnificent. Asked his teacher, he said, "I am also a disciple of Gong Sundaniang. "Kaiyuan five years, I was a child. I recorded in Yancheng that Gongsun's sword dancing equipment was vigorous and clear, and his thoughts were frustrated. My wife Yichun and Liyuan are dedicated outside, and Xiao is a dancer. At the beginning of Vincent SHEN WOO, Sun was just a person. Jade is beautiful and white; Today I am a disciple and a bandit. Since we can distinguish its origin, we can know the wave. Generous, talk as a sword. Zhang Xu, a former Wu native, is good at cursive script and calligraphy. He often saw Gong Sundaniang dancing Xihe Sword in Yexian County. Since then, cursive calligraphy has improved and I am grateful, that is, Gongsun knows.
The wine of "Drunk Songs on Shiyu Lake" is made of rice. Because in his spare time, he carries wine on the lake and is sometimes drunk. Drunk, according to the shore of the lake, lead the arm to take fish and wine, so that the boat carries it, rather than drink and sit. It is suspected that Baqiu leans on Junshan Mountain, scholars sit around Dongting Lake, and wine boats generally touch the waves and come and go. Is to write songs to grow.
That's all I can find. Is that enough?
2. What does preface mean in ancient Chinese? Preface is a style, in which the preface is not a preface, but a gift.
There are two kinds of prefaces: book prefaces and gift prefaces. The preface of the book is relatively early, mostly describing the author's interest and writing origin, such as Yi Xu and Tai Shi Gong Xu. The preface of the book and the preface of the book are different in nature. It began in the Tang Dynasty. Generally, it is a kind of thoughts and feelings expressed in words between literati. Arguments are often put forward to clarify some viewpoints, which is equivalent to a style of argumentative writing. Most of the contents are words of encouragement, praise and emphasis, such as preface to Meng Dongye by Han Yu and preface to Xue Cunyi by Liu Zongyuan.
Song Lian was an official in Beijing Jiankang (now Nanjing), and Ma Jun, a fellow countryman and a young man from Dongyang County, Zhejiang Province, was also in Beijing and studying in imperial academy. Ma Sheng returned to his hometown to visit relatives. Song Lian wrote this article, and combined with his own practice realized that "Tao is difficult to learn", and set an example to encourage hard study.
3. How to write the preface to the high school reunion (classical Chinese) Yonghe is nine years old and ugly in ancient times. At the beginning of late spring, I took a look at Lanting (jī) and Xiuwu (xing) in the mountains. There are mountains and forests here. Talking about intimacy is enough. It's sunny and sunny today. Looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the prosperity of the category, it is enough to enjoy watching and listening, believe in cola and pitch for a lifetime. Or take all the weapons to a room to talk about; Or, because of the entrustment, he has been wandering in the wild (hái). Although his interest (qū) is different from his calmness, when he is happy with what he has encountered, he will temporarily get it from himself and soon become self-sufficient. Zeng did not know that his old age was coming. He is tired, his feelings move with the times, and his feelings are (X). Whenever we see the reasons why people in the past are excited, if they are harmonious, we can't help but lament the past, which is incomparable to our hearts. We know that a dead life is a false birth, and Peng Qi's sadness is an illusion. Later, we looked at the present, but we still looked at the past, sad husband! Therefore, if you list people in your narrative, record what they say. Although the world is different, you are happy, and people who watch it later will feel gentle.
4. What are the styles of "Shu", "Zhuan", "Shuo" and "Preface" in classical Chinese 1? Common saying is a genre of ancient Chinese. From the content point of view, style can describe things, explain things and make comments; Most of them are about one thing and a discussion, seeking the author's profound views on a certain issue. This kind of "theory", its narration and discussion are all to show the author's views on a certain problem or phenomenon in social life. Essentially, it belongs to a style of argumentative writing, which is similar to modern essays or essays. I studied Ma Shuo, Elaine and Huang Sheng's theory of borrowing books in junior middle school. It is an article in front of a book or a text. In ancient times, another kind of preface was farewell speech, which was called "the preface of giving words", and its content was mostly words of praise, emphasis or encouragement to the relatives and friends given. For example, Song Lian's "Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang" is the preface written by the author to the younger generation in his hometown. Another kind of preface written in front of a poem is called "preface to a poem", which explains the relevant content of the sung story or the source of the poem. For example, when is the bright moon written by Su Shi is in order. : "The Mid-Autumn Festival in the ice, drunk and drunk, write this article and have a baby." This preface explains the origin and process of lyrics. Books are letters, and ancient books are also called "letters" or "letters", which is an applied style. You can also write landscapes, such as Wu Jun's "With Zhu Yishu"; You can write personal events and feelings, such as Ji Kang's Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan. You can also visit dignitaries, encourage later study, and form a unique tradition of calligraphy and prose. Calligraphy and prose pay attention to the layout of articles and are of good quality. Generally speaking, it is to describe the life stories of people who are more influential and outstanding in history. Narration, description and other methods are used to express people's way of life. This style is used in history books.
5. Preface to the knowledge points of classical Chinese in Hunan Zeng Guofan's Preface to My Friend Xiangtan Luo My friend Xiangtan Luo showed me his book Zheng Wen in Hunan 190 and asked me to preface it for him before the book. I am Zeng Guofan, ignorant, old and weak. Where can I talk about it? Personally, I think there is no so-called grammar in ancient articles. Classic styles and sentences such as Yi, Shu, Shi, Yi Li and Chunqiu are not copied from each other. When a hundred schools of thought contended in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, they all became an organic whole. If we use these standards to measure them and divide them like flowers and trees, how can there be so-called grammar? Reluctantly draw lessons from the articles created by the ancients to simulate, so some conform to the practices of the ancients, while others deviate, so the grammar of writing articles cannot be named after "Fa". If they don't imitate the ancients, everyone will naturally have a shaped article in their heart, which talks about two aspects: one is reason and the other is emotion. Both are inherent to everyone. To praise what I know, I will write it down with a pen, record it in a book and pass it on from generation to generation. Praise my feelings of love, disgust, sadness and joy, and make the text easy to understand, just like opening my heart to state strategies. These are all natural articles. People with sincere nature can basically do it. However, the depth of the content and the ingenious and clumsy methods of the article are far from reaching the limit. Except for all kinds of classics, most of the works of a hundred schools have advantages. Most of them win by reason, and most of them are profound and reach the peak. What wins with emotion is mostly touching language, but its shortcomings are often gorgeous rhetoric and lack of actual content. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, most penniless people didn't know how to reason, and most of their words were parallel prose. Even when discussing political affairs and judging ceremonies, parallel sentences are often used to decorate them, and there are parallel sentences in the middle. To the west, Sichuan and Guizhou, where Miao tribes live together, are probably relatively remote and desolate mountainous areas. But at the end of the Zhou Dynasty, Qu Yuan was born here, and famous works such as Li Sao were called the ancestor of "love rhyme" by later generations. In the Song Dynasty, Zhou Dunyi was born here again. His Taiji Illustration and Shu Tong were regarded as the ancestor of Yi Li by later generations. This anthology contains about six-tenths of articles that are longer than reasoning and about four-tenths of articles that are longer than romance. However, the parallel style articles are very literary and the grammar is not chaotic. It's just that there are too few articles for textual research. The articles advocated by former sages have not been popularized, and there are not many articles envied by later generations. Luo Zhi-zhi, based on Shuowen, explored the accessibility of words and noted the signs of Ming region. He originally understood the theory of textual research experts, but the article only advocated the main points of genre, not complexity. Knowledge points: First, the characteristics of notional words commonly used in classical Chinese (1) monosyllabic-in ancient Chinese, monosyllabic words are absolutely dominant. Disyllabic words are mainly disyllabic words, reduplicated words, onomatopoeic words, disyllabic words and loanwords, which are rare. Disyllabic words are divided into disyllabic words and disyllabic words (two monosyllabic words are used together); Attachment: Multi-tone notional words (one multi-tone word), multi-tone structure of notional words (two monosyllabic words) (2) Flexibility-in a specific language environment, one word temporarily changes its grammatical function and has the grammatical characteristics of another kind of words. This phenomenon is called flexible use of parts of speech. (1) Nouns, verbs, adjectives and numerals. (2) Examples show that the causative usage of the causative verb Xiang Bo, and the action of minister+object = make+ object+verb can sometimes be translated into a verb complement. (3) Polysemy-the polysemy of notional words in classical Chinese comes from the original meaning of words. The extended meaning and the original meaning are closely or far related. (4) Proximity-there are some indistinguishable concepts in modern Chinese, which may be subdivided into a series of synonyms in ancient Chinese. For example, there are more than 20 verbs about "look". Besides the words "look, look, look", there are also many subtle differences in expression and emotion. This seems to be similar to writing typos today, but it was a habit in the ancients. (Familiar with the appendix "Common Words" on the side of "Golden Sun Test Case" 165) Find the content corresponding to these points by yourself, and we are here to help (* _ *).