In the history of ancient poetry in China, many aspiring ancient poets also took this simple beauty as their creative pursuit. Luo Dajing, a poetic theorist in the Southern Song Dynasty, pointed out in He Lin Yu Lu:? Poetry is the most difficult. As for clumsiness, it is natural and technical. . He also wrote Liu Yuxi's poem Wang Fushi? It's been thousands of years, but at first glance? , the so-called? Resign and be willing to work? . Shi Jianwu's Gu Bie, in terms of words and sentences, is also interested in pursuing this simple beauty:
An old mother should not love her son, and several wives should give her a husband.
There was blood around and two intestines were broken.
Don't worry about cold and clothes, hunger and food.
I'm afraid that if I don't return to China, my mother will become a ghost wife and a widow.
The poem describes the parting scene, recruits people to the front line, and sends their mother and wife. The poet described the ending that his mother and wife were most worried about. The first four sentences of this poem are not clever enough, but the last four sentences are even simpler. It's a common sound in the city. I can't live when my mother dies, and my wife becomes a widow. This is naturally the inevitable result of recruiting people to die, but just tell me. Mom became a ghost wife and widow? Neither euphemistic nor taboo, just like nursery rhymes in the late Han Dynasty. Thereby producing an ancient beauty.
The same is true of Lu Guimeng's Kupang:
The old state is getting thinner and thinner, and the new makeup is more laborious.
The city is a foot high, not a concubine.
? The two sentences in "City", in a very superficial tone, make a woman's attitude of pursuing fashion straightforward, with a smile in her tone and vivid psychology, which really looks like seeing her and hearing her voice. But on closer inspection, these two sentences are not superficial. They are adaptations of the nursery rhyme How High is a Bun in the City at the end of Han Dynasty. They are clumsy and have an ancient meaning, which coincides with the "ancient state" in the poem. It's called. Working because of stupidity? .
Third, suit both refined and popular tastes
1, yeah
Elegance refers to the elegance and beauty of language. This is also an aesthetic standard established by ancient poetics for poetic language. Wei Qingzhi's The Poet Jade Scrap emphasizes the appeal of both refined and popular tastes. Yan Yu, a poetic theorist in the Southern Song Dynasty, thought it necessary to learn poetry? Let's get rid of the five customs, namely, vulgar style, vulgar meaning, vulgar sentence, vulgar character and vulgar rhyme, which are all regular. ("Cang Hua"). Meng Haoran's poetic style, Gu Zhuo, has a long and ethereal picture, which has been highly respected throughout the ages, which has a lot to do with his elegant language, such as "Sleeping at night in Jiande River":
Stop the boat in a foggy small state, when new worries come to the guest's heart.
The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon.
Meng Haoran wrote this poem when he was wandering in Jiangsu and Zhejiang when he was young. Jiande River, that is, Xin 'an River flows through a section of the river in Jiande County, Zhejiang Province. Poetry is simple, expressing a guest's homesickness, but the scenery is beautiful and the composition is exquisite. It is the characteristic and specialty of Meng Haoran's landscape poems to express the quiet scene of nature with concise sketches and light ink and create a calm atmosphere. This poem is an obvious proof: the poet chooses sunset, smoke house, wilderness, Qingjiang and other pictures, plus? The sky is low and the trees are low? 、? Close to the moon? For example, the direct feeling of the scenery shows that the parking map on the river night is full of homesickness. Structurally, the poet used a comprehensive method: the third sentence? How wide is the world and how close are the trees to heaven? In the first sentence? When my boat was moored in the fog? When we met, we all wrote about the boating environment by the river, and it was from near to far; The fourth sentence? How clear the moon is on the water! ? What about the second sentence? Daylight fades and old memories begin? , write people, express the sorrow of the guests. At dusk, it is the easiest time for wanderers to miss their loved ones, so they add new worries at dusk. Meng Haoran's previous book of songs? Gentleman in service, Liu Yong after Meng Haoran, Klang Ganzhou? This is true for rainy evenings and rainy days. And then what? How clear the moon is on the water! ? On this basis, it is further rendered: under the wilderness, among the smoke houses, only the guests are close? Month? Isn't it self-evident that guests are lonely? Daylight fades and old memories begin? The reason! From this point of view, the poet's conception, brushwork and the beauty of structure are all very important reasons for the enduring of this quatrain, but these are all realized through beautiful and distant language. His "deer gate night song" also presents a similar style in language:
In the evening, the bell of the temple echoed in the valley, and a noisy voice sounded at Yulu Ferry.
People walked along the shore to Jiangcun village, and I also returned to Lumen by boat.
The moonlight at the deer gate made the mountain tree appear, and I suddenly came to the seclusion of exile.
Thatched doors and pine paths are lonely and quiet, and only strangers come and go.
The greatest linguistic feature of this poem is that it does not pursue clever sentences, but pays attention to vision and hearing, or by comparing with the sages and the world before us, it shows the experience and feelings of an indifferent person in a mountain village and relaxing under the moon in diluted, ethereal and charming language, and shows the image of a natural hermit. The first couplet of the poem is about what I saw and heard on my way home in the evening, mainly from the perspective of hearing. The two are opposite: the melodious night bell in the mountain temple and the noise from the ferry. There is silence in the voice and dust in the noise. Against it, it is more quiet and secular, and the image of a chic hermit has been implied. The couplets are visually imitated: the figure of Pingsha Duyuangui Village looks unusually quiet and beautiful, mainly static writing; ? I also go to Lumen Mountain by boat? Then it is pointed out that the self, relative to the world, shows two kinds of intentions and two trends. From the composition point of view, the eight sentences in the whole poem are descriptive and narrative, but each sentence is a faint ink painting. Hu Zhenheng, a poetic theorist in Ming Dynasty, said Meng Shi? Speak freely, wash away close at hand? (Before Tang Yingui), these seven ancient poems fully reflect this point.
Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains is also a typical example of elegant language.
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
This poem describes the feeling of seclusion in the mountains, and reflects the poet's clear and noble feelings with the beautiful scenery after the new rain in autumn night. It is not only a quiet and pleasing landscape painting, but also a leisurely and quiet hermit song. Among them, the wording of the two couplets of chin and neck is particularly elegant and pure, which is also the most touching place of this poem. These two kinds of couplets are based on dynamic writing and static writing, but their expressions are different: couplets? Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream? It is a kind of thing, singing mountain scenery; ? Whispering bamboo, the washerwoman comes home, and the lotus leaves yield before the fishing boat? It's about people and describes the world under the mountain. ? Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream? It is moving in silence, moving in silence, writing the beautiful night view of Shan Ye after the rain; ? Whispering bamboo, the washerwoman comes home, and the lotus leaves yield before the fishing boat? It is far and near, showing the breath of life. For what? Empty mountain? In order to highlight the loneliness of the hermit, the poet deliberately separated the joy in life from each other, and understated it: let the laughter of the happy woman be separated from the dense bamboo forest, and let the fishing boat be hidden between the dense lotus leaves. How carefully designed and built this is. Yan Yu praised Wang Wei's landscape poems. Its beauty is thorough and exquisite, and it can't be together, such as the sound in the air and the color in the photograph. (Cang Hua), this is a real comment.
There are many examples in which classical poets spread the whole poem through the ages because of their exquisite vocabulary and syntax, such as Climbing the Pool Upstairs by Xie Lingyun? Changchun grass in the pond and willow in the garden become songbirds? , Xie Tiao's "Three Mountains at Night Still Hope Beijing"? Yu Xia scattered into yee, Chengjiang quiet as practice? It's all true. Li Bai once lamented:? I often think of Chengjiang as quiet as practicing. Li Bai is still like this, what about us!