Chapter one: Ancient New Year's greetings poems.
1. Yuanri-Wang Anshi
In the firecracker, one year old, in addition to the spring breeze, warms thousands of families in Tu Su, and always trades new peaches for old ones every day.
2 Tian Jia New Year-Meng Haoran
I went back to the north last night, and since I was 18 years old today, I have been a strong official, but I am still worried about farming and mulberry fields. Therefore, I plowed with the shepherd boy's family and occupied the climate.
Spring Festival nursery rhymes
Children, children, don't be greedy, after Laba is the year; Laba porridge, after drinking for a few days, is twenty-three miles away; Twenty-three, honeydew melon is sticky; Twenty-four house sweeps; Twenty-five, frozen tofu; Twenty-six, go to buy meat; Twenty-seven, slaughter the rooster; Twenty-eight, send face; Twenty-nine, steamed bread; Stay up for 30 nights; Walking all over the street the first day and the second day.
The nursery rhymes in The Song of the First Month
On the first lunar month of the Spring Festival, we have something to eat and drink to ease our thirst. On the first day in jiaozi, children were born in grade three, rice was eaten in grade four, dumpling stuffing was eaten in grade five, chicken was eaten in grade six and seven, beef and mutton was eaten in grade eight, fish was eaten in grade ten, duck was eaten in grade eleven, prawns were eaten in grade three, 14 bowls of noodles with gravy, fifteen families celebrated the Lantern Festival, and scrambled eggs were eaten in spring.
On the second day, the first day of sex, the third day, the zygote moved home, and the fourth day, scrambled eggs and pancakes. Knead dough on the fifth day and the sixth day, stir-fried rice cakes on the seventh day and the eighth day, white rice on the ninth day and the tenth day, eleven or two treasures porridge, thirteen or fourteen soup pills, the first month 15 yuan.
Classic Spring Festival couplets highlights
Part I: Spring blossoms.
The second part: the approval of the four seasons Chang 'an Cross: celebrating the Spring Festival.
Part one: People are singing and singing everywhere in spring.
Bottom line: Fulinmen's first jubilant cross-approval: Five Blessingg Hayes.
Part I: Beautiful spring scenery and magnificent mountains and rivers.
Bottom line: China is soaring, the motherland is young and the mountains and rivers are magnificent.
Part I: Add some joy to the old year.
The second part: the horizontal approval of the new year at the next higher level: saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new.
Part I: People are peaceful and the country is rich and strong.
Part II: Good weather, good weather, good praise for the New Year: Thais.
Part I: Good luck inside and outside.
The second part: A happy family and financial resources enter the horizontal recognition: good luck shines high.
The first part: more than a year, rich in financial resources.
Bottom line: peace and longevity at the end of the year. Cross-recognition: Good luck.
The first part: Sunrise makes the river beat the fire.
Bottom line: Spring is coming, the river is as green as blue and the flowers are overflowing.
The first part: the financial resources are abundant and smooth every day.
Bottom line: every year, Fulu will approve with Spring: Happy New Year.
Part one: All goes well, and I wish you good luck.
The bottom line is: every family is happy and healthy forever. Horizontal batch: the four seasons are prosperous.
Part I: Every family is rich in prosperous times.
Bottom line: when the years meet, everyone is happy: everyone is happy.
Part I: Heaven and Earth and Shun Jiacai.
Bottom line: peace and happiness, many blessings, horizontal recognition: peace in all seasons.
The first part: days increase years, and people increase their life span.
Bottom line: Spring is full of Gansu and Kun Fu is full of buildings. Horizontal approval: Four Seasons Changan.
Chapter two: the summary of Spring Festival in Tang poetry;
In China, the beginning of the Lunar New Year is called the Spring Festival. It is the most solemn traditional festival of China people, and it also symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hope for the future. The climax of celebrating the Spring Festival should be said to be from New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day of the first month. The festive atmosphere pervades every city and village. Then how will the poets in the Tang Dynasty write poems to record the importance of the Spring Festival, which has been inherited and innovated since the Tang Dynasty, to inherit and carry forward traditional festivals?
Key words:
Tang poetry, Spring Festival, custom, emotion and inheritance
First, the custom in the poem
1, drink Tu Su on New Year's Eve.
Tu Su's New Year's Eve drinking custom was first mentioned in the Spring Festival custom of Tang Dynasty. At that time, before New Year's Eve, people tried to go home to reunite with their relatives. On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together to eat New Year's Eve and drink Chili wine to drive away cold and dampness. Drinking pepper wine means putting pepper on a plate and putting a pinch in a cup when drinking. After the reunion dinner, the whole family sits around the brazier until dawn, which is called "keeping the old age". Du Fu once said: "Stay at Yarong's house, and the pepper plate has already sung flowers." Dong Sigong wrote a poem: "Let's celebrate the end of the banquet and pour the pot for the dawn." Chu Guangxi said in his poem: "Close the door and keep the first night, and the fire will burn until dawn." Meng Haoran said in Zhang Shaofu: "Continue to draw candles and save the old year for a long feast." In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu wrote "In addition to the night, I am pregnant": "Therefore, the festival should be celebrated with songs and candles to welcome the new year. ? Smell the pot cover and see the bucket at night. " It describes greeting the New Year with candles at night, keeping vigil at night and shooting pots.
Especially in Suzhou, people have to wait for the bell of Hanshan Temple in Qiao Feng. When the bell passes through the dark night and reaches thousands of households, it marks the arrival of the new year. Hanshan Temple rings at midnight every day, regardless of spring, summer, autumn and winter, which is called "minute by minute" by the people. "There is a legend," Tu Su is the name of a grass temple where people live. In addition to the custom of drinking Tu Su on January Day every year, a paste is left at night, so that the capsule can be immersed in a well, and water can be taken on January Day and put in a bottle, so that the whole family can drink it without catching the plague. Today, when people get their way and don't know their names, they call them Tu Su. Lu Tong, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in his poem "Except Night": "Cherish this night diligently and wander this night. Don't say goodbye when the candles run out, the cock crows old and new. Who will be the last to win the cup tomorrow? "
In poetry, "holding a cup" means drinking water with a spoon. Li Shangyin said in the poem "Shousui Palace": "The incense is fried for the court, and the jade liquid is the longevity cup", and the precious agarwood is lit, and the torch in the courtyard is brightly lit, and the nectar wine with jade liquid is raised to congratulate the beginning of the new year. Cao Song even said: "In the Ming Dynasty, I came from afar with wine, wishing Yao Jun first." The custom of drinking Tu Su wine also spread to later generations. Su Zhe's poem "Except for Japan" in the Song Dynasty said: "It has been more than 70 years to drink Tu Su at the end of each year."
Step 2 drive away the plague
On New Year's Eve in the Tang Dynasty, there was also a superstitious ceremony to drive away the plague, which was called "Nuo" or "Nuo". This is an activity handed down from ancient times. There is a record of "villagers Nuo" in The Analects of Confucius. On New Year's Eve, people in the Tang Dynasty chose boys, put on ferocious masks, put on red and black clothes, beat drums and dance, saying that they could exorcise ghosts. The leader of Nuo dance is called Fang, with dancers and twelve deacons. Yao He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, mentioned this activity in his poem Nuo is the only way to get rid of the epidemic. Moreover, on New Year's Eve, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty will hold a grand Nuo ceremony, with more than 500 people. Shen Quanqi wrote in his poem: "The lanterns in the temple fight for fire, and the exorcism in the palace." Wang Jian wrote: "Wu Jin entered Nuo at night and painted four teams of trousers and clothes." The courtyard lights like day, and agarwood sits at the bottom of the fire in blowing sheng. "This is a unique activity during the Spring Festival.
Step 3 burn bamboo and hang peach symbols
Fireworks are indispensable for people to celebrate the Spring Festival in the Tang Dynasty. "The new calendar is only half open, and the small court will still explode." It is a scene of setting off firecrackers in the Chinese New Year in the Tang Dynasty. During the Spring Festival, the first thing that makes children happy is that what they expect most is to put on new clothes and set off firecrackers at home. Liu Yuxi said: "When the fire is burning, children wear colorful clothes." Even ordinary families will prepare new clothes for their children during the Spring Festival and then set off firecrackers outside their homes. This is related to an ancient legend. A year's hard work is the easiest at this moment. According to legend, in ancient times, whenever the behemoth Nian attacked people, snatched food and set off firecrackers to scare Nian away, firecrackers would be handed down.
There is no custom of posting Spring Festival couplets during the Spring Festival in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Shen Tu and Lei Yu just wrote on a mahogany board and hung it at the door, which was called "fairy wood" or "symbol of peach". Legend has it that Shen Tu and Lei Yu are brothers. They are possessed by ghosts and live under peach trees. During the Five Dynasties, Meng Changjun of the post-Shu Dynasty wrote an inscription on a peach symbol "Qing Yu is in the New Year, Changchun is in Jiaxu Festival", which is said to be the first Spring Festival couplets. Later, "Fu Tao" became another name for Spring Festival couplets. "In addition to firecrackers at the age of one, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su; Thousands of families always exchange new peaches for old ones, which is the best proof of this custom in the Song Dynasty.
4. Food culture and visiting friends
During the Spring Festival in the Tang Dynasty, people ate "five spicy dishes", also called "spring dishes", which consisted of five kinds of spicy vegetables. It is said that eating this kind of food can dispel the dirty air in people's five internal organs.
Bai Juyi said: "Blue-tailed wine should be pushed to celebrate the Spring Festival for 30 years, and plastic-toothed bottles should be persuaded to celebrate the Spring Festival." During the Spring Festival in the Tang Dynasty, people also prepared traditional foods and drinks, such as rubber tooth bottles, cypress leaf wine and Tu Su wine. At that time, the custom was that the elderly would drink it later, and the drinker would eventually call it "blue tail". After the Lunar New Year, people in the Tang Dynasty began to visit relatives and friends and invite each other to banquets, which is called "over-dinner". Li Ying, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem: "I am a guest at the door and I congratulate Xinzheng at the door", describing the lively scene of visiting relatives and friends during the Spring Festival.
Second, the emotion in the poem.
At this time of year, there will always be people who are full of poetry and unhappy. Some people are singing and dancing, others are helpless. But one thing is the same. This is the end and beginning of the year. Frankly: "This year will end tonight, and I will rush you tomorrow next year." I'm one year old, and it's getting late. I work hard all year round and dare not rest. When I say goodbye to the old year and welcome the new year, I should be immersed in joy: "If I am unhappy at the moment, the sun and the moon will leave me."
happiness
This is the main emotion of Chinese New Year in every era. "The old country is thousands of miles away, and the Spring Festival is more frequent", "The north is still cold, and the east wind is coming", expressing the hopes and longings of the ancients for the New Year. Bai Juyi wrote in the 60-year-old "In addition to the Night": "Sick eyes don't sleep and don't keep the old age, and the old heart is full of spring. After the fire lights are exhausted, it will be a flat head for sixty people. " Full of feelings about the passing of life and complacency about the existence of life. It is the kind of leisure that "seventy stages are step by step, and the heart of ten thousand reasons has been forgotten", and it is the ease of "writing a book before class, combining young and old". "The method turns to the spirit of Hong Jun, and the shoulder rubs the hub to strike music. There is no need to welcome guests in the eastern suburbs, and spring scenery is in thousands of households. " In the festival, gongs and drums are loud, and people are happy and get together. In Shi Li's "Watching Yuan Day from the DPRK", "As soon as possible, this festival will be a good example. Give a banquet at the right time to help the classics. " It is to express condolences to the soldiers and praise the court.
(2) worry
"Sadness" is the most special emotion in festivals. Some people worry about the passage of time year after year, such as "Di Qing should be old by now, welcome new times." "I think of Jia Yi. He taught here and died here. I don't know what my term is."
"Zhi Gu" is a matter of unity and emptiness, and Wan Li was lovesick overnight. I will see the spring breeze when I am worried about the cock crowing. "and" the decline of the disabled is an attempt and loneliness. " "Ten letters are still asleep, moving like flowing water. I have hated it for many years. Deficiency and cold spread, and solitary light shines. Who should ask the poor and cry more sadly? " It is people's helplessness to unfulfilled wishes. Yuan Zhen's "Remembering the past, except at night, only to see your flowers and candles". On the message tonight, I wrote down my thoughts about my dead wife on the eve before. In Luo Yin's Years Except Night, "As time goes by, Kourong is still uneven. Children are ignorant, and the song blows until dawn. " It is a concern about the war outside the customs and the decline of national strength. In the Spring Festival, "homesickness" is what poets write the most. Wang Weiyou, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in a poem: "Being a stranger alone in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every festive season." In the Tang Dynasty, the area south of Changsha was desolate, and the hardships around Panzhou could be imagined. The poet was wronged and moved from Suzhou, a land of plenty, to Panzhou, a lonely place. Dissatisfaction is self-evident. The poet's complaint turned into a poem: "The New Year will only deepen my desire and increase the lonely tears of an exile". The new year is coming, and my relatives and I are thousands of miles apart. My homesickness is more natural. People have joys and sorrows, and sad tears "fall". In fact, tears of sadness have long been shed on the way to demotion: "Who wants to sue for cutting books, no tears." ("Piling Collection") Contact with officials is difficult to control, but there are "tears to the country in the New Year" ("Changsha People's Day").
It is similar to "I miss my relatives twice during the festive season". Gao Shi, "The cold light of the hotel does not sleep alone, and the guest's heart turns sad". Tonight, homesickness is a thousand miles away, and it is another year of Ming Dynasty sorrow, which combines the homesickness with the sadness of the journey. The Danger of Wan Li in Cui Tu's Farther and Farther from Sanba Road. On all sides of the mountains, the snow reflected the cold night, sitting in the candlelight night, I am a stranger here. Separated from my family. Bring me closer to my servant. However, how scared I am, drifting so far away, New Year's Day tomorrow morning! . "This is a work of visiting relatives and homesickness on New Year's Eve. Being in a foreign land, I feel the journey is difficult and dangerous, and the bleak night scene on New Year's Eve adds to my loneliness. Third, the importance of inheriting festivals and how to inherit the Spring Festival culture has accumulated for thousands of years and contains rich connotations. So how should we treat the traditional festivals that are gradually fading away?
First of all, from the above, we can see that Tang Wenhua is not only a city connecting the past with the future. The original intention of the Lunar New Year mainly comes from offering sacrifices to gods and practicing witchcraft at the turn of the New Year to the Tang Dynasty. For example, setting off firecrackers is no longer a simple way to drive away the "Nian beast", but more a kind of "brilliant as a star meteor, noisy as a fire". Carving the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on the mahogany board to ward off evil spirits and prevent harm has also evolved into the auspicious meaning of "Spring Festival couplets celebrate people's peace and prosperity, and happy words become double flowers and a good full moon".
No matter how festivals are celebrated in each era, people have more fun on the basis of inheriting the tradition. It's a pity that people today can still have the childlike innocence of "listening to firecrackers" and see how the peach blossom character changes. Do you think you should add a plum blossom to the drum horn and celebrate the New Year with a smile? The pace of modern life is so fast that many of our traditional cultures have been gradually forgotten. The most sad thing for Chinese people is that South Korea regards the Dragon Boat Festival as their national festival and successfully applied for the World Cultural Heritage. If it is important to pass on festivals, it reminds me of a word-"cultural roots". Excellent culture is the "root" in our bones and our spiritual pillar. The world always feels that festivals are boring, and the fundamental reason is the loss of cultural identity and sense of history. So, don't you still think that inheriting culture is not important?
How can we seek the "root" of culture and carry forward the spirit of traditional culture? Just like the ancestors of the Tang and Song Dynasties, the excellent culture was passed down from generation to generation, and then new elements were added. The Tang people said, "The new calendar is only half open, and the small court is still dusty." After the invention of gunpowder in Song Dynasty, the previous method of making firecrackers was greatly improved. There is a poem to prove that "in the old year, thunder was removed and bamboo was burned to scare the epidemic." First, since the invention of gunpowder, it is difficult to stop the New Year's flogging custom. " Not only increased the quality, but also played a lot of new tricks. It is also worth mentioning that the Tang Dynasty specially set up a "festival day" for the Spring Festival, which allowed officials to enjoy the leisure of the festival and added the flavor of the year.
In any case, the inheritance of old customs is not to repeat the tradition step by step. The emergence of old customs is related to personal experience and creation in the vast space and time of the Spring Festival. As long as we are willing to change the pattern with our brains, we can add new vitality to the tradition; Only by strengthening people's cultural consciousness and gradually eliminating the complex of worshipping foreign things and obsessing foreign things can we better inherit and carry forward traditional culture.
Chapter III: What are the poems of the Spring Festival? Yuanri author: Wang Anshi
The roar of firecrackers, the old year has passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine. The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.
Happy New Year by Wen Zhiming.
I don't want to meet, but I want to talk about it. The famous papers are all us. I also throw some paper at people, which is too simple and not too empty.
Except the night snow. Author: Lu You
On the fourth day, the north wind brought a heavy snow; The snow that God has given us comes on New Year's Eve, which indicates a bumper harvest in the coming year. Half a lamp of Tu Su hasn't been pulled out to write peach charms.
Gao Shi's Night Walk
The cold light in the hotel stayed alone and didn't sleep, and the guest turned sad. My hometown is thinking thousands of miles tonight, and the Ming Dynasty is another year. (Frost Temple: Sorrow Temple)
Tian Jia Yuanri Author: Meng Haoran
Bucket handle of the Big Dipper turned to the east last night and got up again this morning. I was a strong official at the age of 20, and when I was worried about farming, I plowed my father's fields and hoed them with the shepherd boy. Tian said that this year's climate is abundant.
New Year Author: Liu Changqing
The arrival of the new year is more homesick, and the independent horizon can't help crying. He is getting old, but he is still working, and he was left here in the spring of homing.
The monkey came down from the mountain and pestered me. I was tortured like a bodyguard, so when will this day come? Frost mulberries in front of lanterns
Except at night by Wen Tianxiang.
Dry kunkong, years go to the church; The end of the road is stormy, and the poor side is full of ice and snow. Life disappears with the years, and the body is forgotten; There is no such thing as killing Su Meng. It's still early at night.
Taiyuan is very cold except at night. Author: Yu Qian
Send a message to the world, travel light. The spring breeze is not far away, just to the east of the house.
Yuanri Author: Li Shimin
The high platform reflects the spring scenery, and the deep pavilion bathes in the morning sun. Colorful flags are flying on the red palace wall, and the jade bead curtain hits the ladies' Yu Pei. I followed the ancient rulers, ruled the country with courtesy, and finally made all parties stable and healthier. Your majesty, the dense music of silk and bamboo that reverberates in the corridor. The majestic and warm wind blew on the earth, and the emperor sang Conson's Cloud Map. Will inherit Zhou Wenwang's career, follow his precedent, and govern the country from the success and failure experience of ancient emperors. Spring has come, the grass is bathed in the grass as before, and the plum blossoms are in full bloom as in previous years. I want to cross the big river to the other side, but in the end I have to cross it by ferry.
In addition to the night/Bashan Road in addition to the night book pregnant/In addition to the night pregnant Author: getting farther and farther away from Sanba Road, Cui Tu, I have walked three thousand miles, anxious and vigilant. Through the pale snowflakes in the jagged night mountain, a lonely man in a strange land is far away from his own flesh and blood, which brings me closer to my servant. It's hard to get through New Year's Eve in the drift, and tomorrow's update is the new year.
The second rhyme Lu Yuanri Author:
The sunset in the city will be different from the snow outside the city. I also know what the creation once meant, and things are getting worse and worse.
People are bitter. The reflection on the balcony of Baifu, the cold sound of pine and bamboo in the Maozi. The cloth is neither sad nor stiff, and there are as many elements as the morning light.
Selling dementia, Fan Chengda.
On new year's eve, people don't sleep, tired of being depressed and welcoming the new year; The child calls for the strip, and the cloud has dementia and calls for people to buy it. Who is the only one who has two things? Wunong still has surplus; The north and the south can't sell it, and they can talk and laugh when they meet. Oak blocks were sitting under a heavy curtain, so I had to buy them by myself and ask for the price. Er Yunweng didn't need money to buy it, and he has been suffering from dementia for thousands of years on credit.
Except at night, it should be assigned by Zhao. Author: Shi Qing
This year will be over tonight, and we will urge it tomorrow next year. The cold goes with the night, and spring comes one by one. Colors change in the air and faces return in the dark. People don't know the scenery, but they are already in the backyard. Yu Lou chun Ji Mao yuantian author: Mao Kun
Lotus leaks water every year. Bijing is a crisp and frozen wine. Han Xiao is still cheating. She is slim in spring. Beauty advised Qian to live a long life. Pepper with cypress leaves and gorgeous sleeves. Deep in my hometown, I don't know each other, but I only stay with Dong Jun.
Shousui author: Su Shi
If you want to know how old you are, there are snakes going to the valley. The scale is half, who will cover it? The situation wants to tie its tail, although it is diligent and helpless. The child was forced not to sleep and was very happy at night. If you don't sing the morning chicken, you are more afraid of causing trouble. After sitting for a long time, the lights went down and I looked at the Big Dipper. It will be gone next year, and my worries will be in vain. Try to do it tonight, and the teenager can still boast.
Shousui Author: Li Shimin
The setting sun shines obliquely on the splendid palace of Jinbi, and the years make the palace more beautiful. At the end of the year, winter snow and winter snow melt, and it seems that a warm spring breeze blows in the warm palace. Huge red candles are lit and look like a bunch of flowers. * * * Spring Festival, send you all night. Spring comes to Taiding at the age of three and Bing Yin at the age of three. Besides the night, Yushan Boat Fu Author: Zhang Yujiang Mei Caotang, washing jade and sand with stones and splashing. The bottom of the tile roof sent away the years. Ask Twilight: Where is Arong's home?
In addition to spending the night in Stone Hill by Dai Shulun
In this lonely hotel, there is only one lonely blind date who comes to offer condolences. Tonight is the last night of the year, and I am wandering thousands of miles away. Looking back on the past, it is an insignificant thing, sad and sad; Lonely, I only have a wry smile and acid. Sorrow makes my face old and my hair full of white hair. With a sigh, I ushered in a new year.
Hakka New Year's Eve: Yuankai
What is the occasion tonight? Foreign countries say hometown. Look after other people's children and be old for the guests. The army is restless and the mountain is slim. A glass of pepper leaf wine is worth a thousand tears.
Liu Yuxi's "New Year's Eve"
If Mi Nian is not proud, what about Chinese New Year? How many fellow travelers are there now? Take leisure as your own comfort, and you will waste your life. Spring scenery is ruthless, and I have seen it in seclusion.
Except at night by Dai Fugu.
Sweep the huts to clean up the hubbub and worship the nine heavens. Everything comes in spring to send wax, and tonight is the end of the year. Make a fire and roar with bamboo, and then listen to the praise of pepper when you are old. Wild travel predicts that farming will be good and snow will not disappear in three winters.
New Year's Day accounts for Liu Yazi Huairenyun Author: Dong
* * * Laughing and laughing for the New Year, Hongyan lady sent plum blossoms. Everyone toasted each other in the toast to express their wishes for the New Year. After all the people were not satisfied, they tasted the tea of victory together and talked about current affairs. Only loyalty can repay the motherland. Now the motherland is being invaded by foreign countries, and there is no place to seek comfort. We celebrate the New Year in Chongqing, the alternate capital, singing and dancing, but don't forget Yan 'an, and let our Yaozhou Yan 'an Liberated Area prosper.
Except at night, give a small chapter to wine. Author: Chen Shidao
At the end of the year, the guests in front of the lamp are not empty. In the troubled half life, there is nothing in the dream. Short worry is white, bad face is red with wine. I sing and dance, so do I.
Huan Xi Sha Geng Shen except night Author: Nalan Xingde
Luxury is collected in cold places, and red branches are still remembered in dance skirts. Whose house is waiting for the spring breeze. Bamboo leaves hang upside down to pick swallows, and nine lights quiver with golden worms. The romantic ending is close to heaven.
Drunk Taoyuan Yuanri Author: Wu Wenying
Even Ma Jing was silent. Neighbors are still afraid of being surprised. The sun shines, the morning light shines and the spring is bright. It was cold and sad at dusk. New year's dream, love last year. Half asleep at night. The spring breeze is impermanent, and the plum blossoms are fragrant. Break the long and short pavilions.