Poetry has a wide name. For people in the Tang Dynasty, there are at least ancient poems and modern poems. Modern poetry is metrical poetry and quatrains, usually called metrical poetry. They were formed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and are composed of poems in the Central Plains, so most of them can be sung with music, such as three folds in the sun and three sighs. Therefore, it is not unreasonable for the ancients to be more important than the plan. Poetry was used to sing at that time.
Broadly speaking, the concept of storytelling includes words, but if we only compare Tang poetry and Song poetry, there are the following differences:
First of all, words are long and short sentences, words rely on epigrams, but poems are not. Four words, seven words, five words, even miscellaneous words, are just a few words and cannot be changed.
Secondly, the music carrier of poetry is different. Don't underestimate the influence of music on poetry. In ancient times, there was no distinction between music and dance in poetry, and then the change of poetic style was related to the popular music at that time. Later, Yuanqu became independent because of the appearance of different pop music.
Thirdly, from poetry to ci, it experienced a process from elegance to vulgarity, and reached the interaction between elegance and vulgarity. When Ci first emerged, it was not accepted by the upper-class literati, but some people found their own way. Even Su Dongpo, as a synonym, was quite disdainful of ci at that time. He writes his own words, which he thinks is different from Liu Yong's style because of his prejudice against words. Song people are good at reasoning, so poems are mostly used for reasoning, while words generally describe life. It was originally for singers. Of course, people will feel vulgar, but with the communication between elegance and vulgarity, Ci was officially recognized by literati at the end of Song Dynasty. Among them, Liu Yong made a turning point contribution.
Fourth, since the Tang Dynasty, poems have been written in all dynasties, because poems are relatively free from the shackles of music and only pay attention to their own meter. However, different words were closely related to popular music at that time. Therefore, if later generations find that the song of Ci has long been lost in the world, they will not be able to sing it when they write it, and their interest will be greatly reduced. Therefore, the combination of Song Ci and Yuan Qu is related to a specific era. Once the times are different, it is not so popular, but poems can be written by Song people, Yuan people and Qing people. Of course, there are words, such as old words written by Mao Zedong, but not many people.
Words are poems. Song people were afraid when facing the unattainable cultural peak of Tang poetry, but they finally created their own literature, which is as famous as Tang poetry.
The most prominent feature
There are metrical poems and quatrains in form, and there are seven words and five words. The words under the name of each epigraph have a fixed format, and several words in each sentence have requirements.
As far as the title is concerned, poems can freely choose the title, and words must have a monument name.
In terms of rhythm, poetry pays strict attention to levelness, and of course there are exceptions; There are not too many requirements for word training.
In terms of style, the style of poetry depends on the feelings expressed by the specific author, and there is no specific restriction. Personally, writing is easier to understand than poetry.
First of all, poetry came into being in different times. The earliest sentence is probably one of "flowers are not flowers, fog is not fog", and the legend was written by poets in the Tang Dynasty. Poetry can be traced back to The Book of Songs.
Secondly, of course, it is a plan. The requirements of classical poetry are still relatively loose. It was not until the appearance of modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty that the requirements for meter became stricter. Words are also called "long and short sentences", and the sentence patterns are scattered, but to meet the special format, the phonological requirements will be more than poems. On the issue of rhyme, Li Qingzhao once criticized Su Dongpo's words for not conforming to rhyme, but only writing them in the form of words.
Third, the language and content of poetry. Words are delicate and lyrical, mostly graceful works, essays and the like, while poetry, on the other hand, is all-encompassing and lyrical. If metaphor is used, then poetry is prose and words are love novels-in most cases.
Ci is one of China's ancient poems. It began in Liang Dynasty, formed in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. According to Old Tang Book; "Since Kaiyuan (the year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), singers have mixed the songs of Okoyi Lane." At that time, there were many talented musicians in the city who made a living by singing. According to the need to coordinate the lyrics with the music beat, they created or adapted some long and short sentence lyrics, which are the earliest words. It can also be seen from Dunhuang Quzi Ci that the words produced by the people are decades earlier than those created by the literati.
Folk words in the Tang Dynasty mostly reflect themes such as love and acacia, so they are not elegant in the eyes of literati. It is considered a poetic path. Only those who pay attention to absorbing the artistic advantages of folk songs, such as Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi, write some words with simple and natural style and full of rich life flavor. Wen Tingyun and the "Huajian School" in the Five Dynasties, which are famous for their rich ci works, have a certain position in the history of ci. However, Li Houzhu's poems after his capture in the Southern Tang Dynasty opened up a new and profound artistic realm, which strongly infected later poets.
In the Song Dynasty, after a major breakthrough in the creation of Liu Yong and Su Shi, Ci developed greatly in form and content. Although Ci is influenced by literati's poems in language, its elegant carving style has not replaced its popular folk style. The long and short sentences of words are more convenient to express feelings, so the saying that "poetry is blind and lyrics are lyrical" still has some basis.
Generally speaking, Ci can be divided into graceful school and wild school. Graceful words are elegant, graceful and full of music; Like Liu Yong's "Where do you wake up tonight?" Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng's waning moon "; Yan Shu's "Helpless Flowers Fall, I have met Yan Gui"; Yan's famous sentence, "Liu Lou's heart dances low, and the peach blossom fan sings at the bottom", is worthy of being a lyrical masterpiece with a blend of scenes and scenes, and has artistic merits. Bold ci began with Su Shi. He helped Ci break away from the world of entertaining guests and develop into an independent lyric art. Landscape scenery, farmhouse scenery, carefree travel and ambition to serve the country all became the theme of Ci in his hands, which made Ci move from flowers to flowers to broad social life. Judging from the tastes of our readers today, the works of this kind of unconstrained style, The River Never Returning, are more acceptable.
Characters can be roughly divided into Xiao Ling (less than 58 words), Middle Tone (59-90 words) and Long Tone (more than 9 1 word, with the longest word reaching 240 words). A word, some with only one paragraph, is called monotony; Some are divided into two sections, called double tones; Some are divided into three or four sections, which are called three or four sections.
Words have epigrams. Generally speaking, epigraph has the following situations: following the titles of ancient Yuefu poems or music; Such as "Six States Song Tou"; Name the words in several people's poems, such as Xijiangyue; According to a historical figure or allusion, such as Nian Nu Jiao; And the famous homemade epigram. Ci developed and gradually separated from music, becoming an independent style.