Topic wall of Feiyun Cave, Guizhou
Song Xiang
Qingshan and I are old friends. Can Qingshan know the old man?
In autumn leaves in September, two three-year-old guests get old.
Xia Zi in the sky is an illusion, and the spring water on the roadside is clean.
If you don't want to go out of the hole, the monk will hit the bell and the wind will fill the building.
Song Xiang was a famous poet in the middle of Qing Dynasty. At that time, he was known as "the first gifted scholar in Lingnan" and had a clean and honest political voice. Jiaqing 18 (18 13) Song Xiang was appointed as the magistrate of Qujing prefecture in Yunnan province, and revisited Feiyun cave in Guizhou in the second year. This poem was written at this time. This poem was included in the Dictionary of Poetry Appreciation in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and its appreciation article holds that "this poem expresses the poet's feeling that things are different and he lacks a bosom friend." The feeling that things are different is easy to read in the poem, but it is only the appearance, and the loneliness is unbelievable.
This poem is quite Zen and full of the flavor of enlightenment poetry. The first couplet: "Qingshan and I are old tourists. Can Qingshan know the old people?" It has been pointed out that this is a revisit to the old place. Rhetorical devices such as personification and questioning are used in these two sentences, and "Qingshan" appears repeatedly in these two sentences. The effect of using compound words is a bit like the repetition of folk songs, free and lively, relaxed and happy, giving people a kind of cordial and natural feeling, which well reflects the poet's mood of revisiting his old place.
Zhuan Xu: "Generally autumn leaves in September, two three-year-old guests grow old together" is the answer to the question of Part I, which means that Castle Peak can no longer know itself. Although this couplet has the flavor of things being changed, the simple poem contains profound philosophical thoughts. Change and constancy, eternity and transience are an ancient philosophical proposition. A few years ago, I transferred to my alma mater to teach. Looking at Nanshan from afar, I was filled with emotion and wrote four jingles: "Twenty years ago, I looked at Nanshan from afar, and now Nanshan is still a mountain. Qingshan has no words to look at the present, and several people know Qingshan today. " I dare not talk nonsense, but it is not difficult to see that the poet revisited this ancient philosophical proposition with the feeling that things are different.
"The Xia Zi in the sky is an illusion, and the spring on the roadside is also clear" are the results of the author's thinking. "Xia Zi in the sky" and "Spring by the roadside" are both good phases. The author uses them as agents to show that the phases of the universe are illusory and unreal, and they are not really there as usual. The Diamond Sutra says, "When you see the opposite side, you will see the Tathagata." These two sentences can't get out of this fence.
"I don't care who speaks this language, but the monks are full of bells." "Out of the hole unintentionally" comes from two sentences in Tao Yuanming's "Gui Xi Ci": "Clouds come out of the hole unintentionally, and birds are tired and know"; "The wind is full of buildings" comes from the East Building of Xianyang City written by Xu Hun, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, in which "the clouds are sinking at the beginning and the rain is coming." Although it is a successor, it is self-organized and can be said to be thoroughly remoulded. These two sentences follow the trend from top to bottom, and they are indispensable here. The scenery in the sentence is either the real scene in front of you, the combination of reality and reality, or all the virtual scenes, which does not prevent these two poems from being the main theme of the whole poem. "Who speaks when you don't intend to come out of the hole?" Let others tell the truth of the world. You are like white clouds in the sky, coming out unintentionally and leaving unintentionally. This is the essence of "Tathagata": people don't know where they have been or where they are going. They are real and omnipotent. "Monks hit the bell and the wind filled the building" further expressed the realm of meditation. Monks are bright and pure inside, natural and calm, and have nothing to do with the outside world. Su Shi has a poem: "The first day is in the sky, illuminating people." You can't blow the eight winds, but you can prove it by sitting on the purple lotus.
Poetry and Zen are interlinked, and ancient literati have the magnanimity to express Zen interest with poetry. Wang Wei is the representative, and people in the Song Dynasty enjoyed it. Su Dongpo said: "Every time you do well, you can participate in meditation." Wu Shuo, a contemporary of Lu You, said: "Learning poetry is learning to meditate, and the futon on the bamboo couch does not count the years." No wonder Yan Yu used Zen as a metaphor to evaluate poetry in Cang Lang Shi Hua. Song Xiang's "Send Zhang Chuanshan's predecessors out of Laizhou and Away from Yuan Yun" is the last of six songs. "Ten years, Chang 'an has forgotten the year, read all the splendor, and endure all the cold. Who am I? I really don't want to be seen by outsiders "If you compare a poem written by Lu when he retired after putting down the rebellion in Fang La," I have never planted good fruit in my life, but I only love killing people and setting fires. Abruptly open the golden rope and break the jade lock here. Hey! The letter from Qiantang River came, and today I know that I am who I am! "Look, you will find how Zen is in Song Xiang's quatrains. There is no doubt that Song Xiang also has another name to express Zen in his poems, so it is not wrong to say that this poem is full of Zen.