The expressive (image-building), implicit (meaning one thing, meaning another), concise (concise and rich in meaning), leaping (sense of rhythm and imagination) and overall style of classical poetry often become the points of the college entrance examination. From the optional point of view, grasp the role of keywords in expressing meaning from the point of view of refining words, and experience the "meaning" refined by poets. When appreciating poetry, we should pay special attention to verbs and adjectives as predicates, numerals, overlapping words, words expressing color and function words with strong pregnancy.
Example: Wang Wei passed Ji Xiang Temple (National College Entrance Examination in 2003 17).
I don't know where Ji Xiang Temple is, so I climbed several miles into the clouds and peaks. Ancient trees are towering, but there are no pedestrian paths, and there are bells in the mountains in the temple.
The spring water in the mountains hits the dangerous rocks, and the sun in the pine forest is cold. In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon.
Note: An Chan, a Buddhist term, refers to sitting quietly with eyes closed, without distractions; Dragon: refers to secular desires.
Answers and ideas: poetic eyes are "swallow" and "cold" respectively (level 1: clearly answer the first question). The flowing spring water in the mountains, blocked by rocks, croaked like a sob, and the moonlight shining on the pine trees was cold because of the darkness of the forest (Level 2: Analyze the text in detail and answer "Why"). The words "swallow" and "cold" vividly show the quiet and lonely scene in the mountains and reflect the author's own Zen state (the third level)
Angle 2: From the perspective of capturing images-
What is an image? Joe said, "Poetry is largely one-sided." The creation of poetry is very subtle and concise. Poets' lyricism is often not the direct expression of feelings, nor the direct indoctrination of ideas, but the expression of one thing at a time. When writing about scenery, they express their feelings with scenery, and when singing about things, they express their feelings. The "scenery" and "things" written here are objective "images"; The "emotion" expressed by borrowing scenery and the "ambition" expressed by chanting things are both subjective "intentions"; The perfect combination of image and meaning is image. It is not only a portrayal of real life, but also the crystallization of the poet's aesthetic creation and the carrier of emotional thoughts, and it is the basic unit of poetry to express emotions and wishes.
There are two kinds of poems: one is to win with simple images and rich connotations; The other kind of image is rich and complex, which is dazzling at first glance, but it is not difficult to grasp its clear emotional context after chewing slowly.
Example 1: Yan's partridge (college entrance examination questions in Guangxi and Hainan provinces in 2004)
Shili terraces lean on green, and cuckoos crow in the depths of flowers. Talking to pedestrians diligently is not like a songbird flying for the second time. Sleep in a dream, when it clears up that day. It's better to return than to return. The end of the world does not return, but the return date is unpredictable.
A: "Du Fu" is a common image in classical poetry. Its cry of "not as good as going home" expresses sadness, desolation or homesickness. The poet expresses the theme of homesickness by describing the cuckoo's cry. It's not that I don't want to go home, but that I can't decide my return date. It expresses the feeling that the author can't control his own life and it is difficult to go home after wandering around the world.
Example 2: Wei, in Xixi Chuzhou.
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees.
The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.
Answer analysis: The poet expresses rich and complicated feelings, either touching the scenery with words (misty rain, waning moon, river water and a cloud), or feeling at that time (enjoying the moon in Mid-Autumn Festival, climbing the Double Ninth Mountain, hurting spring and homesickness at dusk), or expressing feelings with things (moon, geese, flute and willow). The appreciation of this kind of problems must be based on the interpretation of the meaning of poetic imagery and the relationship between imagery and the author's theme and emotion, so as to grasp the content of poetry, understand the theme of poetry, enter the artistic conception of poetry and perceive the poet's emotion. When answering questions, pay attention to the key words in the stem. You must answer specific "what", "how" and "what".
A: The images described in the last two sentences are: spring tide, rain, wild crossing and boat crossing; The combination of these angles creates a lonely and leisurely artistic conception and expresses the author's calm mentality when he is lonely.
Angle 3: From the perspective of expression-
Poetry mainly uses narrative, discussion, description and lyricism, among which description and lyricism are the focus of examination. Description methods include front description and side description (setting off, rendering, dynamic and static, point and surface combination); There are direct lyricism (direct expression of feelings) and indirect lyricism (borrowing scenery to express feelings or melting feelings into scenery to express feelings).
Example: Jiangchengzi Su Shi
Ten years of life and death are two boundless, disapproving and unforgettable. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, a bleak place to talk, even if you meet, you should not know each other, your face is covered with dust and your temples are like frost. When night came, my dream suddenly came home. Xiao Xuan window, get dressed. Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears are expected to break every year at the heartbroken place, and the moonlight night is short.
Partridge and sky congratulate Zhu.
Overcoming the door is wrong. What's the difference? Wutong was half dead. After first frost, Bai Yuanyang lost her partner. The original grass, the first dew, the old habitat new ridge. Lying in an empty bed listening to the rain from the south window, who will mend the clothes at night!