"Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind"
Author: Du Fu
In August, the high autumn wind roared and rolled up the three thatched roofs of my house. Mao flies across the river and spreads across the outskirts of the river. The taller ones hang on the treetops, while the lower ones float around the pond.
The group of children in Nancun deceived me because I was old and weak, and I could not bear to face them as thieves. Sure enough, I carried the grass into the bamboo, my lips were burnt and my mouth was dry, I couldn't breathe. When I came back, I leaned on myself and sighed.
The wind in Russia makes the clouds dark, and the desert turns dark in autumn. The quilt has been as cold as iron for many years, and the tender child is lying on it and is cracked inside. There is no drying place for the leakage at the bedside, and the rain is like hemp on the feet and has not been stopped. Since my period is disordered and I don’t sleep much, how can I get wet all night long?
There are tens of thousands of mansions in Ande, which can shelter all the poor people in the world with joy. They are as peaceful as a mountain without being affected by wind or rain. Alas! When I suddenly see this house in front of my eyes, my house alone will be broken down and frozen to death!
Creative background:
In the spring of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761), Du Fu asked relatives and friends to build a thatched hut by Huanhua Creek in Chengdu, finally having a place to stay. . Unexpectedly, in August, strong winds damaged the house and heavy rain followed. The poet couldn't sleep for a long night and was filled with emotions, so he wrote this popular poem. The poem is about his own huts, but it expresses his concern for the country and the people.
Content explanation:
This poem can be divided into four stanzas.
The five sentences in the first stanza describe the scene of the autumn wind destroying the house. "Wrath" describes the strength of the wind, and "volume" and "threefold" describe the severity of the damage. "Triple" is not a definite number, but means "multiple". The following verbs such as "fly", "sprinkle", "hang stomach", "float" and "sink" carefully describe the situation of wind blowing thatch. It is not difficult for readers to appreciate the poet's anxious and painful mood.
The second stanza contains five sentences, expressing the lamentation of "a group of children clinging to the grass". "The boys in the south village bullied me for being old and frail, but they had the heart to be a thief in front of me! They openly hugged thatch and got into the bamboo forest and left. They shouted until their lips were burnt and their mouth was dry, but it still didn't work, so they had to come back and rely on themselves to sigh." ""Relying on oneself and sighing"" can not only imagine the poet's panting situation, but also glimpse the poet's helpless mood lamenting that the children are holding grass and the house is broken and difficult to repair. These five sentences describe children from psychology to action, and write about themselves from the beginning to the end. From actions to psychology, a few words make the characters fully formed.
In the eight sentences of the third stanza, the two sentences "Ruqing" not only describe the plight of the house being broken down and being rained on all night long, but also vividly conveyed. The gloomy and dark scene before the rain also highlights the poet's sad and melancholy mood. The two lines of "cloth quilt" describe cloth that has been used for many years and has become "cold as iron" and was broken by Jiaoer. The two sentences "Bedside" describe the disaster caused by heavy rain to the poet's family. The two sentences of "Bai Jing" show that since the Anshi Rebellion, the poet has been unable to sleep because of worries about the country and the people. What's more, "the long night is wet", how can he wait until dawn? The poet can't sleep all night, thinking about it. Thinking of the turmoil since the chaos, the crumbling thatched hut reminds of the country and the people, which pave the way for what follows.
The six sentences in the fourth stanza are direct expressions of emotion, expressing the poet's beautiful wishes and noble sentiments. In the difficult situation of the broken house and leaking rain, the poet moved from the inside to the person, from near to far, from small to large. When he thought of the "poor people in the world" who had suffered from chaos and displacement, suffering in this stormy hardship, He eliminated the "ego" and raised his arms and shouted for the suffering people in the world, uttering a strong voice like a yellow bell and a big Lu: "Guangsha", "Ten Thousands of Rooms", "Dashe", "The World" and "All the Faces". What a rough and powerful writing style, what a magnificent and profound image, what a sonorous and majestic voice, "the wind and rain remain calm" form a surging momentum, which accurately expresses the poet's unrestrained passion and earnestness. The poet's longing and broad mind are still unfinished, and he goes one step further in the cycle, sublimating himself and others to sacrificing himself to save others: "Wow! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, my house will be broken down and frozen to death. Satisfied!" What a deep expectation! It vividly expresses the poet's noble feelings of sacrificing himself for others and having no regrets until death. This is the main theme of the whole poem, and it is also the most touching and inspiring part.
Appreciation Evaluation:
This poem is a concrete embodiment of the author's noble feelings. His hut was almost completely destroyed by strong winds and urchins, and encountered continuous autumn rain. The house leaked, the bed was wet, and it was as cold as iron. The whole family could not sleep peacefully, and the situation was very miserable. However, the poet extended his personal experience to others, and worried about the world's worries. He longed for millions of people to relieve the suffering of the poor people in the world, and even wanted to make personal sacrifices in exchange for the happiness of the poor people in the world. The poem is sincere, the text is simple, and there is no deliberate management arrangement. However, because it describes the poet's ideological state of pushing himself away from extreme poverty and thinking about the big picture, it still shows the ups and downs of the final change of the poem. This section expresses the ideal of protecting poor people all over the world. The syntax and emotion are perfectly coordinated. It is mixed with seven or nine words according to the length of the breath. It is interspersed with the word "woo hoo" to strengthen the tone of exclamation. The tone is melodious and stretched, and can be relaxed and relaxed.
In the second year of Emperor Suzong's reign (759), there was a famine in the Guanzhong area, and the people were in dire straits. In the autumn of this year, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Qinzhou (now Tianshui, Gansu), and then passed through Tonggu (now Chengxian, Gansu). Sichuan. With the help of relatives and friends, he built a thatched cottage by the Huanhua River in the western suburbs of Chengdu, and lived a temporarily stable life. He felt happy and contented, so he sang about the spring rain, walked around in search of flowers, and enjoyed the joy of the riverside. Poetry and wine amuse oneself.
However, this superficial comfort could not conceal his poverty, nor could it dilute his consistent concern for the country and the people. In the autumn of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761), a storm hit his hut, which once again woke him up from his romantic seclusion life, made him face reality, and made him sad, so he wrote this poem.
The title of the poem itself is very interesting. The hut is damaged by the autumn wind, why do you still need to "sing a poem"? What affects the poet's poetic sentiment?
The poem begins with description, which is completely realistic. First, write about the power of the autumn wind. Its "howling" is its momentum, and its "accomplishment" is to sweep away the thatch on the house. Then, write about your helpless situation. Facing this strong man of nature, I have no choice but to let it do what it does and watch my own thatch. Crossing the river, it flew high and hung on the treetops, and then sank low to the pond.
Facing the violence of nature, the poet is relatively calm and even has some patience to appreciate it. But when faced with the naughty boy's "taking advantage of the situation", he really got angry. It truthfully writes about his gaffes, so candidly. Rather than being angry with the children, it is better to say that he is angry with himself. He hates that he is old, has no support in life, has accomplished nothing, and is of no use to the country or his family. Maybe I still blame myself for my lack of cultivation and being careless like children. In short, after being anxious, he became calm and gradually thought hard.
After the strong wind, black clouds come in. Needless to say, the autumn rain comes uninvited. The poet withdrew his sight, no longer paying attention to the changes in nature, but focused his mind on the hut where he lived. After years of poverty and homelessness, he couldn't even make a quilt, and even that quilt, which was as cold as iron, was torn by children who didn't sleep well. The house was full of leaks and there was no dry place, but the autumn rain continued regardless. What kind of life is this? The night is long and the poet has insomnia. And "I've been in chaos", I don't know how many nights I've had like this, what's the use of shedding tears on my lapels?
Suddenly, the poet stirred up from his meditation and shouted, "There are thousands of vast buildings, and the great shelter will make all the poor people in the world happy." At this time, ideals defeated reality, and will defeated sighs. Although he currently lacks a residence that is as safe as a mountain in weather conditions, if such a house suddenly appeared in front of him, which could warm the poor people in the world, he would rather stay in the hut alone and die of the cold! What kind of feeling is this? This is a feeling of helping the world by fully appreciating the sufferings of the people and understanding the warmth and warmth of the world, just like when he wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" in the midst of war and chaos.
This is an ancient poem in the form of a song. The continuous changes in rhyme and rhyme reflect the characteristics of the "song". The scattered combination of single lines of prose sentences and even long and short sentences also reflects the dynamic feeling of the "line". It is precisely because of the touch of reality and the inner desire that the poems can emerge naturally from the heart without any false modification. The whole poem is narrated first, then discussed and lyrical. It not only describes the poet's embarrassment of poverty and even anger, but also expresses the poet's broad mind, which is sincere and touching.