I feel that the hedge door will come out at dawn in autumn night to meet the cold.
Land Tourism in Southern Song Dynasty
Wan Li Hedong enters the sea, climbing skyscrapers for 5,000 meters.
The adherents burst into tears and looked south at Julian Waghann for another year.
Precautions:
1. Dawn: It will be bright. Hedge door: a door made of bamboo or branches.
2. Three Wan Li River: refers to the Yellow River. "Three Wan Li" describes its length, but what does it mean?
3. The high mountain in thousands of feet refers to Huashan Mountain in Xiyue. "Five thousand feet high" describes its height. The ancients were eight feet tall.
4. Chen Hu: refers to the dust raised by the invaders' iron hooves. Hu: The floorboard of northerners and westerners in ancient China.
Julian Waghann: It refers to the army of the Song Dynasty.
6. Sea: refers to the Yellow River.
7. Qi: The ancient unit for calculating length, with eight feet as one (seven feet as one). Yue: It refers to the mountains of Thailand, Heng, Song and Hua in the north, Mount Tai in Dongyue and Huashan in Xiyue, where skyscrapers meet the sky.
8. adherents: people in the northern enemy-occupied areas.
9. Chen Hu: refers to the dust raised by nomads and soldiers.
10. Julian Waghann: refers to the army of the Song Dynasty.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry
Wan Li Yellow River flows eastward into the sea,
Huashan Mountain, 5000 meters high, meets the blue sky.
The adherents under the iron hoof have no tears to cry,
I hope people loyal to the government can recover lost ground next year.
Thoughts and feelings
This poem expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of patriotism and concern for the country and the people.
Historical background
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Bing occupied the Central Plains. When the poet wrote this poem, the Central Plains had fallen into the hands of the Jin people for more than 60 years. At this time, the patriotic poet Lu You was exiled and returned to his hometown. In Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), he yearned for the great rivers and mountains of the Central Plains and missed the people of the Central Plains, hoping that the Song Dynasty could recover the Central Plains as soon as possible and realize reunification.
Brief introduction of the author
Lu You was born in Yin Shan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). His father, Lu Zai, is an official and scholar with great national integrity. He returned to his hometown after the imperial court crossed the south. Lu You received patriotic family education since childhood, and set up War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's ambition of revenge. At the age of 29, he took the Jinshi exam and was among the best. He was expelled because he violated Qin Gui, a minister of soldiers. Quan Zhi Yanzhou and other local officials also have counselors Wang Yan and Fan Chengda. Later, he became a court doctor and a doctor of rites. At the age of 65, he resigned, that is, he returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. He died at the age of 86. Lu You insisted on resisting gold all his life. Although he was hit by capitulationists many times, his patriotism never wavered and he never forgot the reunification of the country until his death. He was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is diligent in writing and has written all his life. More than 9300 poems have been preserved. Poetry has a wide range of themes and rich contents, among which works that show resistance to gold and serve the country best reflect the spirit of that era. The style of the poem is rough and bold, similar to that of Li Bai, so it is called "Little Taibai".
Creation background
Weng Fang, 68, has returned to his hometown in Yin Shan for four years. But a quiet country life can't calm the old man's heart. Although it is early autumn, the summer heat is still strong, and the hot weather and inner boiling make him unable to sleep. At dawn, he stepped out of the hedge door to cool off and wrote two poems. This is one of them.
[Content analysis] The poem begins with a severe weather. Mountains and rivers were originally motionless. Due to the use of the words "Jin" and "Mo", people feel that the Yellow River and Huashan Mountain are not only majestic, but also full of vitality. But when they were caught by the enemy, how could they not feel extremely indignant? These two sentences are broad and profound, and the antithesis is neat.
The word "exhausted" means that the tears of the adherents are all in the dust, which is more bitter. Tears have flowed for more than 60 years, how can they flow endlessly? However, even if the eyes are dry and the blood is exhausted, those adherents who care about the motherland still yearn for the south; The dust raised by the Golden Horse team kept them looking forward to Julian Waghann. With "Chen Hu" as the background, their feelings became more and more painful.
At the end of the sentence "Look south to Julian Waghann for another year", the word "you" has extended the upper limit of time. The adherents look forward to it year after year, but there is still a long way to go. How did they know that the monarchs and subjects of the Southern Song Dynasty had forgotten all about them! In fact, the poet expressed his disappointment when describing the sufferings of the northern adherents. The whole poem takes the word "Wang" as its eye, expressing the poet's hope and disappointment, and it is a solemn and stirring and deep voice. The poetic landscape is magnificent, serious, desolate, sad and angry, which makes people rise up.
Wang Fuzhi was a progressive thinker during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and he had a lot of knowledge about the art of poetry. He once used small-scale painting as a metaphor to reveal the profound and broad characteristics of quatrains, which is very enlightening. See Jiang Zhai Shi Hua, Volume II:
The painter said, "I have the potential of Wan Li." The word "potential" should be focused. If you don't care about the potential, you should keep Wan Li at hand. This is the last day of "Wide in Kyrgyzstan". Five-character quatrains, thinking is the first meaning. Only people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can get it, such as: "Where do you live?" Near here, next to the fishing pond? Let's hold up our boat together, let's see if we belong to the same town .. "The ink is full of four shapes, and every word has its meaning.
Capturing the scenery of Wan Li in a square foot frame is by no means to restore the mountains and rivers and list them on paper. Works of art create vivid typical images, which can arouse rich associations. Although there is not much pen and ink, the artistic conception is boundless and difficult to calculate.
However, Wang Fuzhi thinks that only the quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can be satisfied with the wonderful scenery outside the words, but it may not be all right. His "Cui Hao's Long March" is full of affection and profound meaning, which is actually one of the poetic scenes. For example, Si Kongtu's implicit poetry indicates that "nothing is said, it is all romantic". Scholars in the past often yearned for this poetic state. Wang Qing's poetic talk advocates "transcending the sky". We can also see that there is another style of writing, that is, the spirit of "the spirit of the sword and the pen" and "the spirit of swallowing Wan Li", which is like Si Kongtu's "full body", "strong body" and "everything is in the air" (Poetry is bold). Generally, it is due to Long song or long sentences, and the autumn night of Lu You will greet the cold at the hedge door at dawn.
Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, faced with the drastic changes in the motherland's division, had long been determined to serve the country. He joined the Southwest Army in middle age, and his poetic realm was greatly broadened by the magnificent real world and warm battlefield life. As his "Xiuzi" recalls, "When people reach middle age, they begin to realize less and gradually want to see the grandeur"; "Reading Poems and Writing Songs One Night on September 1st" records that "before the poet suddenly saw Samadhi, the composer was vivid in his eyes; Use brocade as a secret in my life, not a knife and gun ruler. " He is full of enthusiasm, pregnant with jade and Xia Yun, which is naturally beyond the reach of people who play with half-swallowing and half-spitting. In his later years, he retired to the mountains, his ambition remained unchanged, and he always fell asleep. "He is old and ambitious", and he is infinitely indignant at the decline of the Central Plains and the fate of the general public.
"River" refers to the Yellow River, which nurtures the mother of the Chinese nation; Yue refers to Mount Tai in Dongyue, Songshan in Zhongyue and Huashan in Xiyue, which are connected with Qingming. The river surges and flows into the sea. Two sentences, one horizontal and one vertical, show us the victory of half of China in the northern Central Plains, which is clear, abrupt and boundless. The magnificent mountains and rivers symbolizing the loveliness of the motherland and the tenacity of the people have given readers rich associations. But such mountains and rivers, such people, have long been ravaged by the rulers' nobles, and the next two sentences have been changed and paused. The realm of poetry has developed in a deeper direction. With the change of the word "tears exhausted", the people of the Central Plains have been oppressed and suffering for a long time, and their firm and urgent desire to restore their faith has been fully expressed. They looked forward to the Northern Expedition in the Southern Song Dynasty year after year, but this wish failed year after year. Of course, they are still looking forward to it. The patriotic enthusiasm of the people is really like a flame trapped underground, which is getting stronger and stronger with the passage of time. However, the ruling clique in the Southern Song Dynasty lived in a drunken dream and died by the West Lake, leaving behind great rivers and mountains, ethnic hatred and family feuds. It has been dead for a long time, what a pity! Although the latter meaning is not clearly expressed in the poem, the strong critical spirit is clearly visible.
Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" has a cloud: "Write mourning with happy scenes, mourn Syaraku with sad scenes, and its sorrow and joy are multiplied." It is pointed out that the dialectical blending of opposing scenes can multiply the power of artistic infection. Lu You's poems set off China's grief by praising the magnificent mountains and rivers, and satirized the indifference of the rulers by expressing the feelings of the broad masses of the people. The contradictions and conflicts between the times and society are fully and profoundly exposed and highly concentrated in these 28 words. Ideal and reality, love and deep anger are intertwined, giving people inspiration beyond the scope of time and space. Where can "Centennial" and "Wan Li" be limited? This magnificent realm is rare in the quatrains of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but it has been continuously explored by poets in the middle Tang Dynasty and even in the Song Dynasty, which deserves our special attention and treasure.