The Yanqing competition area, one of the three competition areas for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, is located at the foothills of Haituo Mountain. Alpine skiing, bobsleigh, sled and other competitions are held here.
Haituo Mountain is located in the west of Yanqing District. The highest peak is 2,241 meters above sea level. It is the second highest peak in Beijing and the highest peak in Yanqing. Due to the steepness of the mountain, the scene of "Haituo covered with snow" often occurs from November to May of the following year, so it is known as the "Mount Everest beyond the Great Wall". Every rainy season, there are sudden showers, so it is called "Haituo Flying Rain" and is one of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Yanqing".
Photographed by Tapan Zhiwang of Haituo
Five peaks stretch across the capital to guard the capital
According to the "Geographical Records of Yanqing County, Beijing": Haituo Mountain "is located in Zhangshanying The northern part of the town borders Chicheng County, Hebei Province, and is located 16.9 kilometers northwest of the county. It is adjacent to the Yanqing Basin in the south and is surrounded by mountains to the east, west and north. ”
Haituo Mountain belongs to the Yanshan Mountain System and moves in the Yanshan Mountains. The period begins to take shape. After a long period of crustal movement, fracture and uplift, steep and precipitous peaks were formed. The mountain runs east-west, with a width of 16.9 kilometers and a length of 28.4 kilometers. There are 5 higher peaks. Most of the mountain rocks are granite, which was formed more than 130 million years ago. There are many "V" shaped canyons in the mountains, which are formed by rivers cutting down and faults uplifting. There are many springs on the mountains, which merge into streams.
Among the five higher peaks in Haituo Mountain, Dahaituo, Xiaohaituo (also known as Erhaituo) and Sanhaituo are the most famous. With an altitude of 2241 meters, Da Da Tuo is the second highest peak in Beijing and the highest peak in Yanqing. Xiaohaituo is located on the south side of Dahaituo, with an altitude of 2198 meters. Sanhaituo is located on the south side of Xiaohaituo, with an altitude of 1854 meters. The three peaks stretch across the northwest of Beijing like a screen, becoming a natural barrier to protect the capital.
Legend has it that in ancient times, Haituo Mountain was surrounded by a vast ocean, and Haituo Mountain seemed to be carried by the sea, so it was called "Haituo Mountain". After millions of years of stone growth and water falling, rolling mountains were formed, hence the name "Haituo Mountain". Today, there are still traces of the impact of waves on the cliff, and the numerous springs are said to be the "eyes of the sea". There is lush vegetation on the mountain, and the climate varies greatly with altitude.
Haituo Mountain is called "Haituo Mountain" by people in Chicheng County, Hebei Province. It is said that it got its name because it looks like a huge top when viewed from the side of Chicheng County.
Haituo Mountain has a very long history. As early as the Northern Wei Dynasty more than 1,500 years ago, geographer Li Daoyuan called it "the peak reaches forty miles" in "Shui Jing Zhu". "Longqingzhi·Mountains and Rivers" compiled during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty said: Da Da Tuo Mountain is "towering ten thousand feet high, with many mountains (yǎn). Clouds grow on its top, and rain will follow. There is a dragon pool on the top, named 'Da Da Da Tuo'. On the cliffside There is a huge stone with the characters "Haituo Peak Historic Site" carved on it." From this, Haituo Mountain may be named after Longtan, or it may be famous for its stone carvings.
Haituo Mountain is a famous mountain in northern Beijing. People have been visiting it since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. When the commander of the Huailai Guards in the Ming Dynasty, Qian (qiān) Shi Fan (hóng), climbed to Haituo Mountain, he composed an impromptu poem "Climbing Haituo Peak": "The mountains are towering and green, and the breeze blows me up the fairy ladder. The journey of ninety thousand is approaching. "Three Thousand Points in the World" looked down. The waterfalls fell into the blue stream and thunder struck, and the evaporating elixirs rose out of the clouds. The song was written in the hope of washing the cliffs. "Hu Zongxian, the Minister of War in the Ming Dynasty, also climbed up Haituo when he was inspecting the city defense. Looking at the mountain scenery from a distance, I wrote a poem "Da Da Tuo Mountain": "The whip thunder is wonderful in driving away the sea, and the eternal power is majestic. How can I spray the white dragon spring to wash away the eternal glory of the heavenly wolf?" 2 People's chants vividly praise the majesty and splendor of Haituo Mountain.
Xiaohaituo is located on the south side of Dahaituo. It still has steep mountains, complex terrain, high mountains and dense forests, abundant precipitation, and pleasant scenery all year round. There is a poem that praises: "Thousands of peaks stand on the wall, and the trees are shaded, and the birds walk close to the sun. The feet are like ice climbing up, and the fragrant grass in Shantou reaches the sky." There are stones on Sanhaituo like a chessboard, which is said to be Zhao Kuangyin and Taibai Jinxing. The remains of chess.
"Haituo Daixue" has achieved a good reputation
Haituo Mountain is high in altitude and steep, cutting off clouds and fog. Every year from July to September, as long as the black clouds are overthrown, there will be sudden thunder and lightning, and heavy rain will pour down. Looking from a distance, only black clouds can be seen rolling in disorder, and the showers are like flying, so it is called "Haituo Feiyu" (also known as "Haituo Feiyu"). "Tunqi Tuxiu") is one of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Yanqing". The Yanqing County Chronicle said: "If there is light wind and rain, the wet mist will be light, and the mist will greet the eyes slightly, and it will be blurred in the Penglai smoke."
Such a spectacle attracted many literati to take a look at the beautiful scenery, and left them with memories. Write many psalms of praise.
When Zhao Wan, the Minister of Rites in the Ming Dynasty, was demoted to Longqing (now Yanqing), he traveled around the four seasons and wrote dozens of poems. Among them, there were many poems praising "Haituo Feiyu", including : "The mountains are bounded by each other and compete for heights, and the black clouds are angry in the blue sky. They are fighting against the poisonous thunder to drive away the pain of the sea, and the sweet rain is pouring down from the sky. Silver is flowing in the waterfall in front of the rock, and a rainbow is lying on the Jinqiao in the sky. A spoonful The water on the Wulong Pond is full of moisture and drying up year after year. "The scene metaphor expresses the author's long-cherished wish to help the world and the people, and endow the majestic Haituo Mountain with a unique culture. connotation.
The Qing Dynasty scholar Hu Tao’s poem "Haituo Flying Rain" is quite vivid in terms of scenery and sound: "The clear scene of Haituo is lingering, and the sudden rain is like flying and suddenly thunder. To the north of the peak The color of the mountains changes, the sounds of trees and water in the southwest are heard. Suddenly the clouds are splashing, and the birds are not guessing. But for a moment, the wind is flying and the birds are not guessing.
"In the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, when Xu Longyuan, the magistrate of Huailai County, was in office, he visited Haituo Mountain many times in the summer. He wrote in a poem: "Many hats and wadding have been lost in Qīn Yín, where can I find Haituo Peak? The splashing foam and flowing beads are like a waterfall, and they will also serve as sweet rain in the world. ”
Every year from October to June of the following year, Haituo Mountain is lifted up by the humid air in the piedmont basin, and the air pressure and temperature at the top of the mountain are low. Often the north wind blows overnight, and Haituo Mountain has put on a silvery coat. "Snow Cap", the wonder of "Haituo covered with snow" can be seen in the Yanqing Basin, so it is known as the "Mount Everest beyond the Great Wall"
The scenery of "Haituo covered with snow"
p>Jin Youzi, who served in the Hanlin Academy in the Ming Dynasty, once traveled to the foothills of Haituo Mountain. After viewing the landscape of "Haituo covered with snow", he praised: "The mountains are covered with snow, thousands of rocks and ravines tower up to the sky, and Qiong Yao is brilliant. Dazzling and dazzling, what a wonder! "
People often praise "Haituo Daixue" as a peaceful place. Especially in late autumn and early winter, Haituo Mountain is often the first place to see "first snow" in Beijing. After a night of autumn rain , the top of Haituo Mountain shows the winter scene covered with snow, while at the bottom of the mountain are the colorful autumn colors. Many people go there to see the wonder of "Haituo covered with snow", so there is a poem that says: "It is already a blessed wind and green concubine." Sichuan, the sea of ??green girls is still graceful, with white jade above and green below, which is better than Mount Fuji in Japan. "
The cultural context of the Big and Small Heshan Mountains
There are two peaks at the eastern foot of Daituo, named Dahe (hé) Mountain and Xiaohe Mountain. "Wei Land Records" said : "Sixty miles northeast of Juyang City (near the ancient city of Huailai County, Hebei) there are Dahe Mountain and Xiaohe Mountain. "Li Daoyuan recorded in "Shui Jing Zhu": Yanggou water "comes out of the northeast of (Juyong) County, flows southwest to the north of the old city of Juyong County, west to the south of Dahe and Xiaohe Mountains, and is cut off by high mountains and tiers of hills. When the fog breaks, the two peaks show off, competing to reach the top of the peaks. Wang Cizhong, a native of the county, had different ambitions. When he was old and weak, he changed Cangjie's old script into the current official script. At the time of the First Emperor, there were a lot of official affairs, so he used the simplified writings written by Cizhong to facilitate important matters and summon them when they were strange. Three expeditions often failed to come. Cizhonglu was truly virtuous and showed off the beauty of his skills. The First Emperor was angry at his disrespect and ordered him to be sent away in a carriage. Cizhong first appeared on the road, turned into a big bird, came out of the car, flew away, and landed two feathers on the mountain, so its peaks are called big birds and small birds. ”
What is described here is a story that has been passed down for a long time.
According to legend, after the unification of Qin Shihuang, he wanted to unify the characters of the original countries into seal script. He heard that Shanggu County (now Huaihe, Hebei) Wang Cizhong, who came to Xiaonan Xinbao Town, changed the curved and difficult strokes of seal script and invented the horizontal and vertical official script. This writing method was simple and beautiful. When Qin Shihuang learned about it, he wanted to call him into the palace as an official. But Wang Cizhong was a Taoist. He did not want to go to Xianyang (today's Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) to serve as an official, but he failed to show up after three calls. Qin Shihuang was very angry and ordered the prefect of Shanggu County to send him off in a carriage and walked for two days and two nights. Today in the west of Yanqing, Wang Cizhong turned into a big bird, flew out of the car, and flew northward. When he flew here, he dropped two feathers and turned into two mountains, namely Dahe Mountain and Xiaohe Mountain. /p>
People admired Wang Cizhong's character and even more admired his calligraphy reforms, so they built a Cizhong temple on Haituo Mountain to commemorate him. It is said that they worshiped Zhu Dibei, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, every festival. During the expedition, he passed by Dahe Mountain and saw that the mountain resembled a vertical feather with no protruding peaks and extended from east to west. He asked the accompanying military advisor: "What is the name of this mountain?" "The military advisor told him that it was Dahe Mountain and that there was a Cizhong Temple built there, so Chengzu climbed the mountain and went to the temple to pay his respects. When he saw that the Cizhong Temple was dilapidated due to years of disrepair, he ordered the Ming army stationed here to repair it.
Haituo Mountain has the most spectacular scenery of Dahe Mountain and Xiaohe Mountain. It has become a scenic spot in Gyeonggi Province since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Literati and poets have come to visit it, and they have written poems and praised it.
There is an Qiuyang Temple at the southern foot of Dahe Mountain. In February of the first year of Jin Zhengda (1224), Qiu Chuji, a real person from Changchun, came here to perform rituals (setting up an altar and chanting sutras). He saw the beautiful mountains and rivers, the misty moon with pineapples, and the beautiful scenery. So he happily wrote a poem: "The mountains are green and craggy, and there are immortals passing by day and night. The cave is so deep that no one can visit it, and I often hear fairy songs in the cave on the rock wall. "
Yelu Zhu, a minister in the early Yuan Dynasty and the son of Yelu Chucai, once visited Dahe Mountain. When he climbed to the top and looked into the distance, he suddenly felt that his field of vision was wide and he could see the mountains and rivers far away, so he impromptuly composed a poem: " The road is green and the sky is green, looking down at Huangzhou is a little smoke. The clouds and leaves pile up under people's feet, and the sun hangs in front of the horse's head. Dew flower tobacco, Finnish musk deer, and a hundred lai groups singing and playing orchestral music. It is pity that the old king Cizhong did not come to visit the immortal in wine. "The diction is gorgeous and beautiful, full of artistic conception and romantic color.
Autumn Scenery of Haituo Mountain
Wang Shizhen, a writer and historian of the Ming Dynasty, visited Dahe Mountain in autumn and was fascinated by the autumn colors in the mountain. He also wrote a poem: "Cizhong, the king of Niaohe Mountain, was a disciple of Cai Zhonglang in Hongdu. It seems that the ink of Echi is divided into the Jin Dynasty, and the fragrance of Liang Qing's water is circulated. The persimmon leaves are all over the ground red from the frost, and the plantains are piled on the bed green with rain. Ernan must be written vertically and horizontally, as old and windy people have a wall.
” (The pictures in this edition are all provided by Beiwan New Vision)