Answer:
The so-called artistic conception is the combination of "meaning" and "environment". "Meaning" refers to the author's subjective feelings and aesthetic ideals; "Scene" refers to the objective scene created by the artist. The organic unity and perfect combination of poetry and painting will form artistic conception. For example, Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn" stands empty after the rain and stands on an autumn night. Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream. "It creates a fresh and beautiful artistic conception of landscape painting. There are pictures in poems, and there are poems in paintings. (Comment: The first paragraph defines the artistic conception. )
In the history of China literature, Wang Changling, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was the first to put forward the theory of "artistic conception". He believes that poetry has three realms: one is the "object realm" expressed in pastoral poetry, the other is the "scene" expressed in lyric poetry, and the third is the "artistic conception" combining "object realm" and "scene".
Artistic conception is not the simple addition of meaning and context, but the harmony of meaning and context, and on this basis, it produces "scenery outside the scene", "image outside the image" and "rhyme outside the rhyme". (Comment: The following three characteristics of artistic conception are examples of poetry, which are relatively simple. )
The first feature of artistic conception is that it is complete and harmonious. Wang Guowei said: "The words of all scenery are sentimental words." In other words, meaning and environment are not as close as egg yolk and egg white, but organically combined to form a physical preparation. Du Fu's quatrains are "beautiful mountains and rivers, fragrant flowers and birds in spring breeze". Mud melts into swallows, sand warms Yuanyang to sleep. "At first glance, it looks like a pure landscape, showing no emotion. Read it carefully, but as Luo Dajing said: "The first two sentences look at whether there is business between the two rooms, and the last two sentences look at everything inappropriately", which contains a "true joy" of the poet. This kind of writing, that is, the so-called "melting feelings in the mountains and rivers, trusting thoughts in the wind and cloud table" (Yu).
The second feature of artistic conception is the coexistence of reality and reality, which is intended to be implicit. That is, the artistic realm of scene blending produces images outside the image, which causes readers rich and far-reaching associations. That is what Liu Yuxi said, "the environment is born outside the image." Artistic conception consists of two parts: the real world and the imaginary world. Reality is the concrete, limited and individual environment depicted in the works, the basis of artistic conception and the focus of artists' creation. If this description of reality is not successful, there is no way to talk about artistic conception. Therefore, describing objective scenery has become the basic skill of artists. Liu Xizai put it well: "'I am dead, and the willows are reluctant. I think it will rain today. Deep and elegant, I am using scenery to express my feelings. If you don't talk about scenery, what's the point of saying that spring will come and winter will come? "A short poem" Yi Shui Ge ":"The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever! "Thousands of years later, people's hearts can still be shaken, even because they are good at writing scenery." You can't describe it, just polish it a little, that is, the truth is obvious, and the sound and rhyme are also flowing "("Lv Shi Yong Yu ").
The realm caused by the real world is the virtual world, that is, the realm that is illusory, infinite, has enough imagination space, is not convenient for artists to say it, and is deliberately pursued, and is the virtual world. The painter emphasizes the technique of virtual reality, leaving some gaps for readers to imagine. If the whole paper is smeared, it is a failure. "Poetry expressing aspiration" is regarded as the general program of China's ancient poetry theory. But ambition is abstract and needs to be expressed through concrete objects. For example, Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom: "A few plums in a corner, hanling alone. I know from a distance that it is not snow, because it has a faint fragrance. " In this poem, the poet actually describes the scene of plum blossom cold ling alone, with a long fragrance, which indirectly expresses the praise of plum blossom's lofty spirit and the sustenance of life ideal.
The third feature of artistic conception is implicit and profound. China's classical literature and art have always attached importance to implicit beauty and chewiness. This feature is the most prominent in artistic conception, and it is an important way to avoid expressing one's mind directly. The understanding of artistic conception is embodied in China's ancient poems. China's classical poems emphasize "implication", and emotions are usually not directly expressed. Poets often use the writing method of "changing scenery into feelings" (using the Song Dynasty model essay "Talking about Bed at Night") to express indirectly. For example, Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou": "An old friend said goodbye to the West Yellow Crane Tower, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. The lonely sail is far from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. " Literally, the last two sentences are full of feelings of farewell to friends. Expressing vague emotions through real scenery is one of the common forms of combining reality with reality. Another example is Li Yu's Yu Meiren: "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward." In the text, concrete things-endless rivers-are used to describe the depth of the hatred of national subjugation.
In a word, artistic conception is an artistic image with a blend of scenes and scenes, and it is the sum of the resulting images. The creation of artistic conception is varied, from "before me, where were those lost times?" Behind me, are the future generations? " Affection for "who is drunk in the frost forest at dawn and who is in tears" You can have the carefree feeling of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely", or you can have the heroic feeling of "one river does not return, and the waves are full of heroes"; There can be both the grandeur of "lonely smoke in the desert, the long river setting the yen" and the grandeur of "azure and rehmannia". Whoever can create a beautiful artistic conception can occupy a place in the history of art.