-appreciation of Yu Juan's poem "opposite flowers"
Lin
Flowers bloom and fall, butterflies are full of branches, flowers wither and butterflies are still thin. Only the old nest swallows will return to poverty.
Yu Juan, the author of this poem, was a realistic poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Xian Tong Jinshi, eventually for sizhou judge. Liu Jia, Cao Ye and others were dissatisfied with the rhythm and frivolous and gorgeous poetic style at that time. His poems were cheerful and simple, and were labeled as "Yi poems", which reflected the social reality at that time. This poem reflects the serious social theme with simple physics and profound fables, and has the artistic power to alert people. Comment on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Sui Yu is a poem, which is quite enlightening ... and there is Bei Tang, who is in harmony with Sui Yu and is more salty than ironic."
The title of this poem is "opposite flowers", and "opposite flowers" means facing and facing. Who is right about flowers? The poet himself, of course. How about flowers? It is reasonable to describe the color, posture and aroma of flowers with pen and ink. However, the poet did not mention this point, but moved on to other things, from which he gave a deep sigh. The relationship between these physics is simple, common and easy to understand, but it is ironic and interesting.
Please look at the first couplet: "Flowers bloom and butterflies are full of branches, but flowers fall and butterflies are still rare". "Back" means to surround. The first sentence begins with a point. "Flowers bloom" is red and lovely, and its fragrance is overflowing, which naturally attracts "butterflies full of branches", which is the trend of physical properties, while the word "full" writes that butterflies move towards fragrance, making the flower tree very lively. But the second sentence followed, "Flowers wither, butterflies are still rare", and suddenly it was cold in the door because of "Flowers wither", which was in sharp contrast with the first sentence. Among them, "open", "thank", "full" and "sparse" are neat and natural. Won't this vivid physical image make people think a little further? "The purpose of reciting things is to reason", that is, to put "necessary and unspeakable things into the table of tacit images" (Ye Xie's original poem), so that the meaning that is inconvenient to say can be fluent, and the content that is easy to write is vivid. This is what the poet calls trust, comparing things with people. As a result, "Hua" is very proud every spring, but doesn't it last long? Butterflies, on the other hand, are carried away, sticky and complacent. "Don't be a guest, just be suitable for spring flowers and forget autumn ripening", which is extremely hateful. This is the beauty of the poet's irony. Flowers bloom easily, butterflies are nothing, and people are meaningless. The main idea of his poem is self-evident. This connection can be described as obvious, tangible and subtle.
Look at the second couplet: "Only the old nest swallow, the owner is still poor." This couplet is in sharp contrast with the first one. Butterflies come and go because of "blooming" and "falling". Only the old swallows, who once held the soil under their master's eaves and worked hard to build their nests, will not abandon their master's poverty and still come back to live in the old nest on the flower tree. What a noble property this is! "Swallow" left in the spring when flowers were in full bloom, but came back to take care of the poor owner-Huashu in the autumn when she hated taking away the leaves too much. "Only the old nest swallow, the owner will return to poverty." "Swallow" does not admire vanity, does not care about the poor master, and gives comfort to the master when he feels sad and lonely. Isn't this the reappearance of the poet's broad mind?
The image and physics of nature exist objectively, but they are praised and criticized by different poets. This is the reflection of the poet's world outlook in the poetic image-the subjective iconicity of the image. Another example is Zifeng's "It depends on when the flowers bloom, and it is difficult to spend them again after they bloom". Zheng Gu's "I can't get enough when I'm drunk, so I admire his butterfly branches". Wang Jia's poems, such as "Seeing flowers before the rain, no flowers at the bottom of leaves after the rain, bees and butterflies crossing the wall one after another, but suspecting that spring scenery is next door", also have their own interests.
The beauty of Yu Juan's flowers lies in his satire, which satirizes the declining world and human feelings of the Tang Dynasty, and expresses the poet's concern for the fate of the Tang Dynasty and sympathy for the sufferings of people's livelihood. It can be seen that chanting things is only the appearance of this poem, and the theme of this poem is to warn the police by reasoning with people. Yuan Xin Library's Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty (Volume 8) records "Yu Lian, Shao Ye, Liu Jia, Cao Ye, etc. It can be indecent or even vulgar. " It can be seen that simple physics and profound metaphor are the artistic attainments of this poem. And its language is easy to understand, without any sense of obscurity, which reflects the author's skillful skills and simple poetic style.
In late spring, the yellow birds in the mouth of Laoshan Caotang Valley are sparse, and the magnolia blossoms are full of apricot flowers. I began to pity you under the window of Zhushan, and I didn't change my mind about the poet Qian Qi. [ 1]
The word "Gukou" implies the location of "Gushan Caotang" in the title; The word "spring disability" is "late spring" in interpretation; The following sentences are all what I saw and felt after I came back, and my thinking is clear and rigorous. Taniguchi has a beautiful environment. The poet once said, "Taniguchi is a good spring stone, and people can live in Lu Chen. Cattle and sheep go downhill, and fireworks are deep in the clouds. All the way into the stream, several families are connected with bamboo curtains. When the rainbow hides, it rains late, scaring the falcon to drop the residual bird. " (The Wall of Yushan Village) Taniguchi's spring is even more ingenious. However, at this time, it is the "spring season", yellow birds are scarce, magnolia flowers are dying, and apricot flowers are flying. Yellow birds and orioles (yellow birds) are euphemistic and pleasing to the ear; Xinyi, the flower of Mulan tree, is called wooden pen flower, which blooms earlier than apricot flower, so the poem says, "Xinyi makes apricot flower fly." A "rareness", a "exhaustion" and a "flying" set off the passage of spring, leaving an empty withered breath without a trace. However, in this cold atmosphere, the poet is happy to find the bamboo in front of the window, proudly vigorous, green and swaying, welcoming its owner who returned after a long separation. The poet can't help chanting: I began to pity you under the window of Zhushan, and I won't change if I don't go back. Those who pity love. Love is its "unchangeable yin" and "unchangeable yin", which concisely and accurately summarizes the harmonious and unified characteristics of bamboo's internal beauty and external beauty. "Ye Qiu full moon dew, the wind scattered smoke. You should know that first frost remains the same, and always keep the cool color in front of the palace "(Tang Qiu's" Ting Chu "). "Asserting that Qingshan does not relax, the roots are broken. A thousand batters are still strong, and there is wind in the southeast and northwest "(Zheng Banqiao Bamboo Stone). Isn't it the poet's character of "not changing the pitch" that eulogizes songs? In this poem, it is the "change" of Qian Qi's spring birds and spring flowers-thinning, exhaustion and flying, which embodies the "unchangeable" of bamboo. Poets love "invariability", so it goes without saying. It can be seen that the first and second sentences of the poem do not praise the spring birds and spring flowers, let alone regret their disappearance, but express their feelings that they go with the spring, float and sink with the times and cannot stand on their own feet in the world. Some pictures are inside the paper, others are outside the paper. Poetry can also be said to have meaning, meaning. "At first, I felt a pity under the window of You Zhu Mountain, but I didn't change my mind and waited for my return." I vividly expressed the poet's sympathy for bamboo and the feelings of You Zhu's Waiting for Me in the form of flowing pairs, people and things, things and people. In this artistic conception, the poet's praise for the secluded bamboo and his noble integrity of being fearless of the cold and vulgar bends in late spring and autumn are pinned. Therefore, it not only gives people beautiful enjoyment, but also gives people endless aftertaste with its profound implication. The predecessors said, "Qian Qi's poems are novel in form and clear in reason. Wenzong Youcheng (Wang Wei) Xu Gog "(Gao Zhongwu's Zhongxing Collection). Maybe it refers to this kind of poetry.