1. Three compulsory knowledge points of history in senior high school
From The Book of Songs to Tang Poetry 1 and The Book of Songs
(1) China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs. It is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and praise.
(2) The Book of Songs was compiled by Confucius, which laid the foundation of realism in China's classical literature and was regarded as a Confucian classic by later generations.
(3) Qu Yuan's lyric poem Li Sao is a masterpiece of Chu Ci, which is also called "Sao Style" because of its peculiar imagination and romantic style.
2. Tang poetry
(1) Reasons for the prosperity of Tang poetry;
The civilized, open and prosperous social environment in Tang Dynasty.
Poetry and Fu played an important role in the imperial examination and promoted the prosperity of poetry.
(2) Representative figures and works:
A Poets in the early Tang Dynasty included Wang Bo and Chen Ziang. Wang Bo's "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor" is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
B Tang Dynasty poets:
Gao Shi's "A Few Watchers on the Lonely Wall in the Poor Autumn Desert" and Cen Can's "Drum Beating on All Sides, All is Silent and Shady Mountain" are heroic; Meng Haoran and Wang Wei's landscape poems are picturesque and far-reaching in artistic conception. Meng Haoran's "How wide the sky is, how close the trees are, how clear the water is, how close the moon is!" And Wang Wei's "This river flows through heaven and earth, where there are both mountains and mountains" is full of poetry. The poems of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are the monuments of the development and prosperity of Tang poetry. Li Bai won the reputation of "Poet Fairy" for his romantic creation. Du Fu is known as "Poet Saint" for his realistic "Poetic History".
Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty advocated that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things", and created a large number of unpretentious allegorical poems, criticizing the shortcomings of the times.
2. Senior three compulsory three historical knowledge points finishing
Energy field
1, the arrival of "age of steam"
Watt 65438 invented a new steam engine in the 1980s. Since then, the steam engine has been widely used as a power machine to transform the world and solve the power problem of the industrial revolution. Its adoption paves the way for accelerating the pace of industry and the development of transportation industry, and strengthens the connection with the world.
1807 American Fulton invented the ship. Stephen Sun invented the train in England. The steam engine is the greatest invention in the industrial revolution and has become a symbol of the times. People call it "age of steam".
2. "Electrical Age"
① Background: 183 1 the phenomenon of "electromagnetic induction" was discovered in Faraday, England. It laid a theoretical foundation for the development of generators.
② Development of electric energy: 1867, Siemens of Germany invented the generator. Soon, Aker of Belgium invented the electric motor.
(3) American Edison, the "King of Inventions", created 1000 inventions. Electrical inventions include electric lights, telephones, telegrams, movies, etc. One of the most influential is the invention of electric light.
④ The role of electrical technology development: The electrical technology marked by generators provided more powerful, more convenient and cheaper electricity, which greatly promoted the development of industrial production and set off the second industrial revolution. Pushing mankind into the electrical age.
3. The role of steam engine and power technology in social development.
The most direct change is the substantial improvement of social productive forces.
The development of productive forces has also changed the social structure and the world situation. With its advanced productive forces and growing strength, the bourgeoisie began to establish its rule over the world.
With the convenience of transportation, the world is more closely linked and the world is increasingly becoming a whole.
④ It also increases the material wealth of society and makes people's lives more colorful.
3. Senior three compulsory three historical knowledge points finishing
Astronomy (1) Warring States Period: The Stone Catalogue in Shi Gan Xing Jing is the earliest catalogue in the world.
(2) Eastern Han Dynasty: Zhang Heng-water transport camera; The theory of earth circle is earlier than 1000 years; Seismograph early 1700 years.
(3) Tang Dynasty: monks and their gatherings-the patrol etiquette of the zodiac; The meridian length was measured for the first time in the world; Water image instrument.
4 Yuan: Guo Shoujing-Jane was three hundred years earlier; The most accurate calendar in ancient China.
4. Senior three compulsory three historical knowledge points finishing
Understand the evolution and origin of Chinese characters: the origin of Chinese characters can be traced back to the "picture writing" more than 6 thousand years ago, and the Shang Dynasty formed a complete system.
Evolution:
The evolution process is: Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan, Li Shu and regular script.
The general trend of evolution: from complex to simple.
Understand the ancient calligraphers in China.
Calligraphy and Chinese characters go hand in hand. China's calligraphy has both aesthetic and practical functions. Calligraphy styles mainly include seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.
Regular script: it has practical value. Zhong You and Wang Xizhi in Wei and Jin Dynasties; Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in Tang Dynasty.
Cursive script: It has extremely high aesthetic value. Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty; Zhang Xu and Huai Su in Tang Dynasty.
Running script: There are both the rules of regular script and the indulgence of cursive script, which has both aesthetic value and practical value. Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing in the Tang Dynasty, Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty and Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty. Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting is known as "the first running script in the world", while Yan Zhenqing's "A Manuscript for the Sacrifice of a Nephew" is the second running script in the world.
5. Senior three compulsory three historical knowledge points finishing
China ancient literature understands the main literary genres, representatives and masterpieces from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The Book of Songs: At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the first book of poetry appeared in China. The Book of Songs contains more than 300 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. The Book of Songs compiled by Confucius laid the foundation of realism in China's classical literature and was regarded as a Confucian classic by later generations.
Chuci: During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan, a poet of the State of Chu, created a new poetry genre-Chuci in Chu language on the basis of southern folk songs. Qu Yuan's lyric poem Li Sao has a romantic style and is a masterpiece of Chu Ci, so Chu Ci is also called "Sao Style".
Han Fu: In the Han Dynasty, writers created a comprehensive literary genre-Fu on the basis of Chu Ci.
Representative figures and their works: Zi Xu Fu and Shang by Sima Xiangru in the Western Han Dynasty and Er Jing Fu by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Tang Poetry: In the Tang Dynasty, the development of poetry entered a golden age. The poems of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are the monuments of the development and prosperity of Tang poetry. Representative figures and their works:
The poets in the early Tang Dynasty were Wang Bo and Chen Ziang.
B During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, frontier poets Gao Shi and Cen Can; Landscape poets Meng Haoran and Wang Wei; Li Bai, a romantic poet, has the reputation of "poetic immortal"; Du Fu is known as "Poet Saint" for his realistic "Poetic History".
Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty advocated that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things", and created a large number of unpretentious allegorical poems, criticizing the shortcomings of the times.
Song Ci: In the Song Dynasty, with the development of commerce, the prosperity of cities and the increase of citizens, the words that can be sung are more suitable for the needs of street life and are welcomed by the citizens. Therefore, Ci became the mainstream form and symbol of Song Dynasty literature. Poets include graceful Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao, and unrestrained Su Shi and Xin Qiji (Southern Song Dynasty).
Yuanqu: In the Yuan Dynasty, Sanqu and Yuanzaju were collectively called Yuanqu. Yuan Zaju is based on the creative achievements of Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and others.
Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the one hand, the centralization of XX entered a strengthening stage; On the other hand, some new phenomena have appeared in the economic field, such as the prosperity of handicrafts and commerce, the emergence of capitalism and the expansion of the civil class, which provide rich materials for novel creation. In order to meet the needs of the citizens, novel creation has entered a stage of vigorous development. There are a large number of novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with diverse genres and rich forms of expression. Among them, The Romance of Three Kingdoms (Luo Guanzhong), The Water Margin (Shi Naian), The Journey to the West (Wu Cheng'en) and A Dream of Red Mansions (Cao Xueqin and Gao E) are the most famous novels. In addition, China's collection of classical short stories Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio (Pu Songling) and satirical novel The Scholars (Wu) are also famous masterpieces.