The victory or defeat of a strategist is unexpected, and Bao is a person with shame.
There are many talented children in Jiangdong. Whether they will make a comeback is still unknown.
Translation and annotation
Victory or defeat is common in military strategists and unpredictable.
A real man is one who can stand failure and humiliation.
Among the children of Jiangdong, there are many talented people.
If Xiang Yu had returned to Jiangdong, he might have made a comeback.
1, Wujiang Pavilion: Wujiangpu located in the northeast of Anhui County. "Historical Records of Xiang Yu" contains: Xiang Yu was defeated, and the director of Wujiang Pavilion prepared a boat to persuade him to cross the river and return to Jiangdong for further development. He felt ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong, so he had to throw himself into the river. Du Mu wrote this epic when he crossed the Wujiang Pavilion.
2, unexpected: unpredictable.
3, to protect shame: it means that a gentleman can bend and stretch, and he must bear the burden of humiliation.
4. Jiangdong: refers to Suzhou in the south of the Yangtze River, where Xiang Yu started his army.
Make an appreciative comment
In the first sentence, victory or defeat is a common occurrence in military strategists. The second sentence criticized Xiang Yu for not being broad-minded enough and lacking general bearing. Imagine three or four sentences, if Xiang Yu returns to Jiangdong and regroups, maybe he can make a comeback. This sentence regrets Xiang Yu's anger, but the main meaning is to criticize him for not being good at grasping opportunities, not being good at listening to other people's suggestions, and not being good at employing people. Sima Qian once criticized Xiang Yu's obsession with the crime of not fighting with the eyes of historians. Du Mu, on the other hand, talks about success or failure from the perspective of a military strategist. Both of them pay attention to personnel, but Sima Qian summed up his own lessons and emphasized the reasons for his failure. Du Mu is an imaginary opportunity, emphasizing that military strategists should have foresight and indomitable will.
The first sentence directly points out that winning or losing is common sense of military strategists, and implies that the key lies in how to look at the problem, paving the way for the following. Unexpected things mean winning or losing, unpredictable.
The second sentence emphasizes that only men are ashamed men. When Xiang Yu was frustrated, he was ashamed to commit suicide. How can he be a real man? This word "man" is reminiscent of the overlord of Chu, claiming to be more powerful than mountains and rivers and being furious. Until his death, he had not found the reason for his failure, but he committed suicide in shame at an unfavorable time and was ashamed of his heroic title.
The third sentence, Jiangdong's children are versatile, is a suggestion to the pavilion director. Jiangdong is small and has thousands of people. People have always appreciated Xiang Yu's saying that he had never met his father and brother in Jiangdong, which was considered to show his integrity. In fact, this just reflects that he is headstrong and can't listen to the advice of Tingchang. He missed Han Xin and angered Fan Zeng. This is really ridiculous. However, at this last moment, if he can face the reality, be ashamed, adopt suggestions, return to Jiangdong and rally again, I'm afraid it's hard to measure the outcome. That's the last sentence.
It is unknown to make a comeback. This is the most effective sentence in the whole poem, which means that there are still many things to do if it can be done; Unfortunately, Xiang Yu refused to put down his airs and commit suicide. This provides a strong basis for the above sentence or two, and it is quite imposing to see the situation of Jiangdong children making a comeback in one go. At the same time, while regretting, criticizing and satirizing, it also shows the truth of not losing grace, which is also quite positive.
This poem, like the poem "Red Cliff", discusses the success or failure of the war and puts forward its own assumptions about the war that has ended in history. In the first sentence, victory or defeat is a common occurrence in military strategists. The second sentence criticized Xiang Yu for not being broad-minded enough and lacking general bearing. Imagine three or four sentences, if Xiang Yu returns to Jiangdong and regroups, maybe he can make a comeback. This sentence regrets Xiang Yu's anger, but the main meaning is to criticize him for not being good at grasping opportunities, not being good at listening to other people's suggestions, and not being good at employing people. Sima Qian once criticized Xiang Yu's obsession with the crime of not fighting with the eyes of historians. Du Mu, on the other hand, talks about success or failure from the perspective of a military strategist. Both of them pay attention to personnel, but Sima Qian summed up his own lessons and emphasized the reasons for his failure. Du Mu is an imaginary opportunity, emphasizing that military strategists should have foresight and indomitable will.
The unconventional discussion is the characteristic of Du Mu's epic. For example, the east wind does not follow, the bronze finches lock Er Qiao Spring (Chibi), the South Army does not show the left sleeve, and the fourth child destroys Liu (Shangshan Sigui Temple), all of which are opposites, and their styles are similar to this one. Hu Zai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua that this poem was different from others, and none of them survived the crossing of the river with 8,000 people in Li Xiang, which made it unpopular. Who wants to attach it? It is impossible to make a comeback. Wu, a poet in A Qing, refuted Hu Zai in Poems of Past Dynasties, arguing that Du Mu overturned his conviction and fell to the next level just for vigilance. In fact, from a historical perspective, Hu's accusation is not unreasonable. Wu defended Du Mu mainly because this poem was used as an excuse to promote indomitable spirit, which is desirable. Summer veteran Lin Ting
Zhangyan summer topic veteran Lin Ting
Battle-hardened and peace-loving, Houmen gradually wanted to be like a fairy family.
The rain on the wall hangs down the fine grass, and the wind on the water belongs to the settled flowers.
Put the winch in the well to soak wine, and open the parrot in the cage to make tea.
How many people are in Lingyange, but they have never confronted Saisha? Make an appreciative comment
This poem is well-known in the poetic world because of two lines of couplets. According to reports, he was a scholar in the middle of the late Tang Dynasty. He worked as a captain in Liyang and then avoided chaos in Shu. When I was in Shu, I made a golden hall order. One day, the late Emperor Wang Yan and the empress Xu visited Daci Temple at the east gate of Chengdu (see Selected Poems, Volume I). When they saw the inscription on the wall, fine grass hung on the wall, and the wind on the water returned to the settled flowers, they enjoyed it for a long time. They asked the monk before they knew that Zhang Yan had done it. So I gave him a letter from Xia Guang and applied for a patent. Song Guangsi, a powerful minister, stopped with his arrogance.
According to the old and new History of the Five Dynasties, Wang Jian, the former general of Shu, was spoiled in his later years, and the dying eunuchs and courtiers plotted to establish the old general. "Chengdu County Records" also contains: In his later years, Wang Jian was jealous and killed, and those who made fame were mostly blamed for things. After Wang Yan ascended the throne, he abandoned all the old honors and responsibilities. From this point of view, the retirement of veterans in the poem has its political reasons.
The first pair of couplets, after many wars, turned to love and quiet, and the Hou family gradually wanted to be like a fairy family, which summarized the loneliness of the veterans and the indifference of their families. Word for word, very wonderful. Veterans are different from hermits. They should not love quiet, but should love quiet. Houmen is different from the immortal's abode of fairies and immortals. It should not be the same, but biased towards desire, revealing the different personalities of veterans.
The four sentences of parallel prose and neck couplet are described in detail. The rain on the wall is fine and the grass hangs down, and the fence at the back door has been eroded by the oblique wind and drizzle, and no one cares. It has been in disrepair for a long time, and it has long been overgrown with weeds and dotted. There is a drooping word on the grass, which looks lifeless, desolate and cold, and it goes without saying. The wind on the surface of the water returns to the settled flowers, writes on the lake in the garden, and there is a slight whirlwind in the circle to gather the petals floating on the water. Only seven words are used here, but a picture of the wind blowing, the flowers falling and the desolate and lonely lake is drawn. The garden is cold enough to know the owner's mood. This is the poet's emotional pen.
The hoist is placed in the well to soak wine, and the hoist is a device for pumping well water. Veterans take well water to cool wine and write about leisure life. Open the cage for the parrot to make tea, and open the cage for the parrot to come in and out freely, so that when guests come, they can report to the host, and the supervisor invites the parrot to make tea for the guests. These two sentences reflect human feelings with the help of things from the side, which not only makes the image vivid, but also reveals the life interest and mental state of veterans deeply and delicately.
Several people at the end of the couplet are in Lingyange. Instead of confronting Saisha, they tried to convince and comfort the veteran with rhetorical sentences, revealing the main idea of the poem. Lingyange means that Emperor Taizong painted his portrait on Lingyange in recognition of his meritorious service. According to the New History of the Five Dynasties, in five years, Wang Jian of Shu began to build statues on the walls of Shouchang Palace in Longxing Palace, and also helped the Tian Ge Pavilion draw portraits of heroes. Who left his name on the portrait of Lingyange, and who didn't make contributions on the battlefield? The credit is undeniable, and there is no need to feel lonely and depressed.
This poem is also very artistic. The first six sentences describe the lonely and leisurely life of veterans in the fairy family, and the last two sentences point out the will with a pen turn, which is tortuous. Originally, this veteran who won the title of Hou after many battles should, in the poet's view, do his best to serve the country. Surprisingly, I fell in love when I succeeded. Quiet, I am more and more eager to be like a fairy family and don't care about the world at all; Not only that, even the garden where I live is too lazy to manage and maintain. The depression of veterans is getting deeper and deeper, which in turn proves that the reasons for persuading veterans are getting more and more sufficient. If the former is painting a dragon, then the latter is the finishing touch; The two complement each other, which are both opposite and unified, so that the theory of poetry is displayed in the picture of scene blending, and the purpose of persuasion is reflected in poetry and painting.
Self-named grass pavilion
Bai Juyi calls himself Xiaocaoting.
The new knot is a summary, and the scale is frugal and humble. The dirt steps are all blocks, and the mountain trees are half skin.
The shade of the tree is connected with the rattan frame, and the fragrance is close to the chrysanthemum fence. The wall depends on a stick, and the door is called a curtain.
There is wind outside the window and sunny eaves. Stay and taste the wine, and every sentence will lead the Zen master.
Stay with the amphibious crane and help a waiter. Green fermented grains drink, and Redmi wants to cook.
Dirty houses laugh, sour houses bully. Lu Tao loves himself freely, but Xiang Yan is ugly.
Worms look for deep holes, and wrens occupy shoots. Each has its own feet, how to use them.
Xin qiji man Jiang hong ti cold spring restaurant
Man Jiang hong ti leng quan ge
Author: Xin Qiji
Straight section, crown and tassel arched.
Gradually, the Green Valley and the Immortal descend to the east, and the sound is urgent.
Who believes in the heavenly wind enclave and opens the blue wall near the lake?
It was that year that Yufu cut the square pot, and no one knew.
The mountains are wet and humid.
Autumn dew, Joan drops.
Passing through the dangerous pavilion, the jade garden is bright.
Drunk dancing shakes the couple's shadow, and heroic songs don't send dragons to cry.
I hate this. The scenery is my home, and now I'm a guest.
Precautions:
1, Lengquan Pavilion: Tang Dynasty architecture, under Feilai Peak in the southwest of Lingyin Temple in West Lake, Hangzhou, is one of the scenic spots of the West Lake.
2, straight section: straight and straight, referring to fir trees.
3. Crown tassels: hats and hair bands refer to well-dressed literati.
4. Arch: Standing hand in hand.
5. Pei Huan's voice is urgent: This sentence is beautiful, like a fairy wearing Ding Dong.
6. The wind is flying: It is said that in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a Tianzhu monk came back to see this mountain and praised it: This is the small ridge of Zhongtian Lingshan, and I don't know when it will fly. ("Lin 'an Annals" quoted from "Geography Annals")
7. Square pot: Fairy Mountain in myth and legend is in the east of Bohai Sea. This cloud flying to the top was cut by a fairy and Yufu, but unfortunately no one knows it now.
8. LaVida: It originally refers to sapphire and bamboo.
9. Dangerous Pavilion: Gaoting refers to the cold spring pavilion.
10, Yuyuan Garden is completed: the water in the pool is dark green and clear.
1 1. Husband and wife: two legendary birds, often called refined and extraordinary people.
Hogg: Sing loudly.
13, ichthyosaurs cry: the official monster is emotional.
14, the scenery is my home: the scenery of Lengquan Pavilion is very similar to my hometown. Press: Jinan, the author's hometown, is known as the Spring City. At that time, the water, light and mountains were comparable to the Cold Spring Pavilion.
Translation:
Pine trees and bamboo forests stand in the way, strong and straight,
Standing hand in hand like a well-dressed official.
Gradually enter the green valley,
Spring sounds like a group of immortals riding the wind to the east.
The ring on her body jingled.
Who can believe this thousands of feet mountain standing by the West Lake?
Could it be Tianzhu (India)?
Feilai Peak was cut down from Fanghu Mountain by Immortal and Yufu.
No one knows now.
The spring water moistens the vegetation on the mountain.
Soak beautiful stones by the stream.
Crossing the bridge and going to the pavilion,
Overlooking the clear green pool.
Dance with drunkenness and shake your figure like a husband and wife;
Sing loudly, don't make the ichthyosaur at the bottom of the pool cry.
The scenery in my hometown Jinan is as beautiful as here.
Hate being occupied by the enemy now,
It made me stay in the south of the Yangtze River, making it difficult to return to my hometown.
Appreciate:
After returning to the south, the author worked as an official in Lin 'an for three times, but the time was short. In the summer and May of the sixth year of Dadao (1 170), when the author was thirty-one, he served as the main book of Sinong Temple. For seven years, Chunshan knows Chuzhou. This period of time is the longer of the three times, and this word may have been written in Hangzhou this time.
The Cold Spring Pavilion was built by Tang Lashiyuan under Feilai Peak in front of Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. Bai Juyi's Cold Spring Pavilion says: Yuhang County is in the southeast; As far as the county seat is concerned, Lingyin Temple is especially important. Next to the temple, the cold spring pavilion is one. The pavilion is located halfway up the mountain in the southwest corner of the temple. Tall and wide, not tired, but fascinating, almost impossible to hide. Not only close to Lingyin Temple and Feilai Peak, but also close to Denggao, Tianzhu, Taoguang Temple and Beifeng. The first part of the word is about the mountains and ice peaks near Lengquan Pavilion. Write down the activities and feelings of Tanting Pavilion.
Uptown is written from top to bottom, from nearby mountains and streams.
Straight section, crown and tassel arched. It is said that on both sides of the mountain road, tall trees are neatly arranged, like officials wearing crowns and tassels, tall and straight. This is personification in rhetoric; Syntactically, the descriptive sentence comes before the main sentence. Tall and straight, describing the arched trees falling out of the halberd, forming an abrupt and majestic momentum, which pinned the author's interest; The second sentence, like the previous one, describes the lush foliage of trees. Gradually, the Green Valley and the Immortal descend to the east, and the sound is urgent. It is said that the spring water flowing in the green valleys on both sides gradually flows down, and the sound is as loud as the ring on the fairy's clothes. Its meaning comes from Liu Zongyuan's "To the Small Stone Pond in the West of Xiaoqiu": through the bamboo forest, you can hear the sound of water, such as singing. This is also anthropomorphic writing. On the first floor, officials lined up to imitate roadside trees, which was magnificent, but it was difficult for readers to understand and a bit obscure; This layer of contrast, from coarse to fine, has a natural and beautiful image and is easier to understand. Xin Qiji is brilliant, often regardless of thickness, handy, but flexible, here is a typical example. The following four sentences focus on Feilaifeng, and whoever believes in it leads directly to the end. Feilai peak is not high, but the situation is as strange as a vulture. The Spring Tour to Lin 'an is quoted from Yan Shu's Jade Emperor. It is said: In the first year of Jin Xianhe, Master Huili boarded a hippo chef, sighing that it was the small ridge of vulture mountain in Zhuguoling, Zhongtian, and I don't know when he flew here. When the Buddha was alive, he was mostly hidden by fairies. Is it the same today? Lingyin Temple, named Feilaifeng, was built by Diaoxi. Rock has the names of dragon, dragon, monkey and so on. Because it feels lofty from a distance. The wind falls to the ground and flies like a bird: by the lake, meaning the shore of the West Lake: thousands of feet is high; Blue walls mean mountain peaks; All day long, the wind fell to the ground: driving into flying. Who believes that the two sentences describing Feilaifeng are magnificent, but compared with the first two sentences, the words are precise, steep and not thick. It was that year that Yufu cut the square pot, and no one knew. Yufu generally refers to the axe of the fairy; Square pot, Liezi. One of the five mountains on the sea written by Tang Wen. Feilaifeng is like a sacred mountain used by immortals to carve husbands. Unfortunately, the vicissitudes of life have changed over time, and now no one can figure out its origin and appearance to supplement the explanation and description of Feilaifeng, and the tone has become comfortable.
The mountains are wet and humid. Under the autumn dew, Zhu Qiong drops, writing the wood and stone beside the pavilion. Lavida, beautiful stone; Zhu Qiong is autumn dew. Because autumn dew drips like pearls, all the wood and stones are wet. These four sentences are parallel in form, but there is a causal relationship between them. Passing through the dangerous pavilion, the jade garden is bright. The first sentence is about the pavilion, and the second sentence is about the cold spring, and the autumn water is as clear as jade.
The above words, the tone is still very comfortable with the rest of the beat Drunk dancing shakes the couple's shadow, and heroic songs don't send dragons to cry. I wrote about my own pavilion activities, which touched my pride and life experience, and my style turned into heroic and passionate. Drunk dance sentences write lofty sentiments, husband and wife talk to themselves, magnificent songs write feelings, and fish dragons are connected with springs. I hate this. The scenery is home, and now I am a guest. Why do drunken dances make sad songs, fearing that singing will make the dragon cry? These two sentences can explain its inherent complexity. The author's hometown is Licheng (now Jinan), which is the spring of every family in Shandong, the scenic spot where every family weeping willows, and the original 72 springs, some of which are called cold springs; There are many famous pavilions near Daming Lake and Baotu Spring, such as Lixia Pavilion, Shuixiang Pavilion, Shuixi Pavilion and Guanlan Pavilion. And there are quite beautiful scenery, that is, the scenery around the Cold Spring Pavilion, which is similar to the author's hometown. Why hate it? The reason is that after the author returned to the south, the land lost in the north could not be recovered, which was not only difficult to pay, but also difficult to return to his hometown. I can only be a guest in the south for a long time and feel depressed, so I feel nostalgic and infinitely sad. If you want to get rid of this sadness, you can only sing and dance in drunkenness, but in fact you can't get rid of it. Words are plain and implicit, but hatred is deep.
This hatred is not only related to personal homesickness, but also to the fate of the whole country and nation, which will naturally arouse strong resonance among readers. This word is homesickness touched by the scenery of the West Lake, which is associated with the sadness of the country and the nation and expresses implicit grief and indignation. Writing landscape description forces Xiao, but opens and closes naturally. It is not deliberately managed by the author, but it can show the style, characteristics and skill of the author's words.