Must-memorize knowledge points about Mao Zedong (final exam notes)
"Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics"
Chapter 1
1. Historical conditions for the formation and development of Mao Zedong Thought P1
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the world entered the era of great imperialism and proletarian revolution. The victory of the Russian October Revolution in 1917 opened up a world proletarian A new era of class socialist transformation. It transformed China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution from being part of the old world bourgeois democratic revolution to being part of the new world proletarian socialist revolution.
2. Main contents of Mao Zedong Thought P7
①Three magic weapons: united front, armed struggle, and party building
②Basic contradictions in socialist society : The contradiction between production relations and productivity, the contradiction between the superstructure and the economic base.
3. The living soul of Mao Zedong Thought P11
Three basic aspects: seeking truth from facts (see a paragraph for understanding), mass line, and independence
Chapter 2
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4. The national conditions of modern China and the characteristics of the Chinese revolution P21
①The national conditions of modern China: semi-colonial and semi-feudal
②Among the many social contradictions, the dominant one The contradictions are the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, the contradiction between feudalism and the masses of the people, and the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation is the most important contradiction among all kinds of contradictions. This determines that the fundamental task of the modern Chinese revolution is to overthrow imperialism. , the rule of feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism.
5. New-Democratic Revolutionary General Line P24
The content of the general line is a revolution led by the proletariat and by the masses of the people against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism.
Chapter 3
6. The Party’s General Line and Its Theoretical Basis during the Transitional Period P47-48
The General Line and General Tasks: It is necessary to implement Within the period, we will gradually realize the country’s socialist industrialization and gradually realize the country’s socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce.
The main content of the party’s general line during the transition period is summarized as one transformation and three reforms. One transformation is socialist industrialization, and the three reforms are the socialist transformation of individual agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce. They are interconnected and inseparable. It can be compared to the main body and two wings of a bird. Among them, one transformation is the main body and three transformations are the two wings. The two complement each other and promote each other.
This is a line that simultaneously develops socialist construction and socialist transformation, embodies the close integration of socialist industrialization and socialist transformation, embodies the importance of liberating productive forces and developing productive forces, changing production relations and developing productive forces. Organic unity.
Chapter 4
7. Thoughts on correctly understanding and handling contradictions in socialist society P69-70
Basic contradictions in socialist society: production relations and productivity The contradiction between the superstructure and the economic base.
Chapter 5
8. Conditions for the formation of Deng Xiaoping Theory P87-90
① Peace and development have become the themes of the times, which is the background of the formation of Deng Xiaoping Theory.
Peace issues are East-West issues, and development issues are North-South issues. To sum up, it can be divided into four words: east, west, north and south. The north-south issue is the core issue.
②The experience and lessons of socialist construction are the historical basis for the formation of Deng Xiaoping Theory
③The practice of reform, opening up and modernization are the realistic basis for the formation of Deng Xiaoping Theory
9. The formation process of Deng Xiaoping Theory P92-93
Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Conversations in 1992 put forward a series of important conclusions, such as the essence of socialism is to liberate productive forces, develop productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization, and ultimately achieve* ** Same as rich. Three favorable criteria are that socialism can build a market economy; revolution liberates productive forces, and reform also liberates productive forces. If we do not adhere to socialism, do not reform and open up, do not develop the economy, and do not improve people's lives, there will be no way out.
We should be more courageous in reform and opening up, dare to experiment, and boldly try and break through if we are sure. We must promote science, and only by relying on science can we have hope; we must persist in focusing on both reform and opening up, and cracking down on various criminal activities with the other. Both of these must be tough. The Southern Talk is the culmination of Deng Xiaoping Theory. It theoretically and profoundly answered a series of major questions that troubled and bound people's minds at that time. It promoted reform, opening up, and socialist modernization into a new stage, and Deng Xiaoping Theory gradually matured.
10. Basic questions answered by Deng Xiaoping Theory P94-95
①Basic questions answered by Deng Xiaoping Theory: What is socialism and how to build socialism.
② In early 1992, Deng Xiaoping made a concluding theoretical summary of the nature of socialism in his speech in the South: The essence of socialism is to liberate productive forces, develop productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization, and ultimately achieve *** Same as wealthy.
11. The main contents of Deng Xiaoping Theory P100-105, P111
① The basic line of the party in the new era: leading and uniting the people of all ethnic groups in the country, taking economic construction as the center, adhering to the four adhere to the basic principles of reform and opening up, self-reliance, hard work, and strive to build our country into a prosperous, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful modern socialist country.
②The fundamental task of socialism is to develop productive forces, and the socialist revolution is to liberate and develop productive forces.
③Reform is China’s second revolution (the first revolution: the New People’s Democratic Revolution).
Nature of reform: Reform, as a new revolution, does not and does not allow negating or abandoning the basic socialist system we have established. It is the self-improvement and development of the socialist system.
Reform is the direct driving force for the development of socialist society. The basic contradiction in socialist society is still the contradiction between production relations and productivity, superstructure and economic base. It is these contradictions that promote the development of socialist society.
④The basic contents of the concept of peaceful reunification and one country, two systems mainly include: adhering to one China, the coexistence of two systems, a high degree of autonomy, and making every effort to strive for peaceful reunification, but not promising to give up the use of force. To resolve the Taiwan issue and achieve the complete reunification of the motherland, we place our hopes on the people of Taiwan.
Chapter 7
12. The main contents of the Scientific Outlook on Development P159-167
① The scientific connotation of the Scientific Outlook on Development: The first essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development It is development, the core position is people-oriented, the basic requirement is comprehensive coordination and sustainability, and the fundamental method is overall planning.
②Main contents:
1. Accelerate the transformation of economic development mode
2. Develop socialist democratic politics
3. Promote social Building a powerful country with socialist culture
4. Building a harmonious socialist society
5. Promoting the construction of ecological civilization
6. Comprehensively improving the scientific level of party building
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Chapter 8
13. Changes in the principal contradiction of society P178
The principal contradiction in our society: the people’s growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development conflicts between.
Chapter 10
14. Improve the system of people being the masters of the country P216-219
① Our country is led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants A socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship, in which all state power belongs to the people. (State body)
The People’s Congress system is the fundamental political system of our country.
The multi-party cooperation and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China is a basic political system in our country.
The system of regional ethnic autonomy is a basic political system of our country.
The grassroots mass autonomy system is a basic political system in our country.
②How to consolidate and develop the patriotic united front
First, adhere to long-term independent existence, mutual supervision, sincerity, honor and disgrace, and support democratic parties in accordance with socialism with Chinese characteristics Participating political parties demand better performance of their functions.
Second, deepen education on national unity and progress and build a solid sense of unity among the Chinese nation.
Third, comprehensively implement the party’s basic policy on religious work, adhere to the direction of Chinese religions in my country, and actively guide religions to adapt to socialist society.
Fourth, firmly grasp the theme of great unity and great alliance and do a good job in united front work.
15. Adhere to “One Country, Two Systems” and promote the reunification of the motherland P219
“One Country, Two Systems” addresses the Taiwan issue
16. Unswervingly deepen reforms comprehensively P249-253
①Why comprehensively deepen reforms?
Comprehensively deepening reform is an inevitable choice to conform to the development trend of today's world.
Comprehensively deepening reform is the fundamental way to solve China's practical problems.
Comprehensively deepening reform is related to the future and destiny of the party and the people, as well as to the party’s ruling foundation and ruling status.
②How to promote comprehensive and deepening reform?
To comprehensively deepen reform, we must adhere to the party’s centralized and unified leadership of reform.
To comprehensively deepen reform, we must persist in reforming along the direction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
To comprehensively deepen reform, we must insist on reforming in a direction that is conducive to maintaining social fairness and justice and improving people's well-being.
To comprehensively deepen reform, we must adhere to the direction of socialist market economic reform.
Chapter 11
17. The path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics P256-257
Adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Adhere to the people’s dominant position in comprehensively governing the country according to law.
Insist that everyone is equal before the law.
Adhere to the combination of governing the country by law and governing the country by virtue.
Insist on proceeding from China’s reality.
18. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is always on the road P262-266
① How to promote comprehensive and strict governance of the Party?
First, strengthen the party’s ideological construction.
Second, strengthen the party’s organizational building.
Third, persevere in upholding integrity and discipline.
Fourth, system construction should be integrated into all aspects of party building.
Fifth, deepen the treatment of both symptoms and root causes and win an overwhelming victory in the fight against corruption.
Chapter 13
19. Adhere to an independent and peaceful foreign policy P285-288 (what it is, promote the construction of new relations, understand)
20. * **Building a community with a shared future for mankind P294-295
First, adhere to the path of peaceful development and promote the construction of a new type of international relations.
On how to adhere to the path of peaceful development, our country’s basic attitude is to unswervingly develop friendly cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Departure. We must firmly uphold international fairness and justice and oppose hegemonism and power politics. We will resolutely defend our national interests, never seek hegemony, and never engage in expansion.
Chapter 13
21. The most essential characteristics of socialism with Chinese characteristics 300-301
Why the party’s leadership is the most important factor in the socialist system with Chinese characteristics Advantage?
First, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics was created by the people under the leadership of the party.
Second, the party’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for giving full play to the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.
Third, the party’s own advantages are the main source of the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.