1. Basic knowledge Objective: Understand the author and perceive the meaning of the poem as a whole;
2. The goal of ideological education: to understand Li Bai's freedom;
3. Ability training goal: expound the reading requirements in combination with the content of poetry.
Second, the teaching content:
(1) Introduction to the author
Li Bai (70 1~762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. His ancestral home was in Longxi, and he moved to the Western Regions to atone for his sins during the Sui Dynasty. He was born in Sheye City, the capital of Anxi County, and came to Qinglian Township, Zhangming County, Mianzhou with his father when he was about five years old. Li Bai has been roaming around the country since he was a child. At the beginning of Tianbao, under the recommendation of Taoist Wu Jun and He, he went to Chang 'an to worship the Hanlin, but was soon dismissed. An Shi Rebellion happened, because he joined the Wang Yong Lilin shogunate, he was dragged down, and he was pardoned on the way. Wandering southeast in his later years, he finally got sick. Li Bai has a heroic personality and yearns for great achievements. He was deeply dissatisfied with the power and political corruption in the late Tang Xuanzong.
Many of his poems strongly criticized the dark politics at that time, deeply cared about the safety of the current situation, loved the mountains and rivers of the motherland, sympathized with the lower class, despised the secular and despised the powerful; But it also often reveals some negative thoughts of drinking and seeking immortality and indulging in pleasure. He is good at absorbing nutrition from folk literature, with rich and peculiar imagination, unrestrained and elegant style, magnificent colors and fresh and natural language. He is a great romantic poet in China after Qu Yuan. He is as famous as Du Fu. Du Li? . Du Fu once said that he? A poem makes you cry? . He has more than 900 poems, including Li Taibai's poems.
(B) Writing background
By the Tang Dynasty, the commercial economy in central Sichuan was extremely developed, and people who entered Sichuan were happy but did not realize that the situation in this area was sinister. Since ancient times, it has been a feudal separatist land, and there is the possibility of rebellion at any time.
This poem was written by Li Baichu when he entered Chang 'an in the 19th year of Kaiyuan (73 1). "Difficulties in Shu Dao" is an ancient topic in Yuefu, and ancient poems all focus on the dangers and obstacles of Shu Dao, implying that it is difficult to accomplish anything. It was this that touched Li Baichu's heart when he entered Chang 'an to pursue fame and gain. When a friend came to Shu, he wrote a poem on this ancient topic to bid farewell to his friend. The poem tries to describe the difficulties and obstacles on the road to Sichuan, express the worries about the chaos caused by the warlord regime in Sichuan and the safety of friends visiting Sichuan, and even express the grief and indignation of people with lofty ideals who are frustrated in their careers because of the difficult times.
(3) Picture display-terrain of Shu Road
Shu Road starts from ningqiang county in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province in the north and ends in Chengdu, Sichuan Province in the south, with a total length of 450 kilometers. It enters Sichuan via Guangyuan, Jiange, Zitong, Mianyang and Deyang. The terrain along the line is dangerous, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, the scenery is beautiful and there are many passes. Difficult road, difficult day? Description.
(D) dredge words
Gnome male-"(y and yīxxī and) in the husband (y? f？ )
Ape (n? O) ammonia (m? N) ginseng (shēn) calendar well
Above (y and y ě ng) (ch? rock
Flying fast (tuān) and noisy (Huι)
Shi Bing (p and ng) cliffs and valleys (h? )
Hey (zhēngr? Ng) Cui Wei (Cu and W? I)
Suck the blood of (shǔn)
(5) Reciting the text
Let the students enjoy the recordings recited by famous artists.
(vi) Interpretation of paragraphs
1.？ Hey hey? It is difficult to go to the sky. ?
These two sentences dominate the whole poem, laying the foundation for the tone of the whole poem, with unrestrained feelings and great momentum to read. The use of prose sentences shows that the poet can't help but blurt out when he looks up at Shu Road, and also shows a strong sigh. ? Whoa, whoa, whoa? It's amazing. ? Dangerous? Tall? , a righteous reappearance, and it is extremely high. ? Huh? Hey? , you can have an extended voice. ? The difficulty of Shu Dao? Can you read slowly, pause for a while, and then read in an ascending tone? Difficult to go to the sky? Five words, so the whole poem speaks for itself.
2.？ Until the two rulers of this area? Then the ladder and the stone pile were hooked. ?
This layer is about the origin of Shu Dao, which should be read in narrative. ? Can Cong? Four sentences say that Qin and Shu have been isolated for a long time and there is no way to pass; ? Swing around? Two words? Taibai Bird Road? No one can climb up-these are all paving the way for the following, so we should look at them lightly and take them lightly. The last two sentences are correct, so we should deliberately exaggerate them, just like seeing a thrilling scene with our own eyes, which shows that the opening of Shu Road is an earth-shattering event.
3.？ On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun? Then, holding his chest with both hands, he collapsed to the ground with a groan. ?
This floor follows the top, which means that although there is a road, it is difficult for people to walk, so they should read arias. ? Really? To show the general situation of Shu Dao from different angles, read slowly, and stress should fall on? Six dragons return to Japan? Surge reversal? In a second language. ? Yellow crane? In a few words, I feel helpless. I can pause after reading it. The last four sentences are devoted to the situation of people walking on Qingniling. When reading them, you must have the idea of experiencing the situation. Ten percent discount? How about the calendar of the Senate? A second language can be re-read, not soon, until? Hold your breath? Cook a meal, then read the last sentence, pause for a long time.
4.？ We want to know whether this road to the west will never end, even if it makes people pale. ?
Here? Ask Jun? It doesn't matter if there is a real person, you can read it more kindly. Will you ask? When will it be returned? Not feasible, the pressure should fall on? Out of reach? Three words should be read in a persuasive tone. The following four sentences use birdsong to render the sad atmosphere during the journey. When reading, you should lower your tone. Worried about the empty mountain? Go up slowly. Then read the main sentence in an exclamation tone. Fade your face? Cook a short meal to show that you are not finished.
5.？ The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven? Hu Weiwei's here! ?
It's still not feasible, but the content is deepened, because the Shu Road is sinister. The first four sentences are not purely objective descriptions. When reading them, you should assume that this is a tourist climbing? Lianfeng? Cliff. Above, at? Waterfall? Suddenly, let the listener feel thrilling. Can I pause for a long time after reading it? Facing many dangers? Take it slowly. The last sentence is that the poet borrowed the tone of Shu people and sighed deeply at the tourists who came from the expedition. Why did you come? Not asking, but reading a falling tone, suggesting? Why did you come here? Meaning.
6.？ Although the steeple pass is firm and severe? But a wolf to his companion? . ?
When I read the first sentence, I suddenly shook and reappeared the dangerous scene of Jiange. ? Kazuo? The two sentences should be frustrated and powerful, indicating that Jiange is easy to defend but difficult to attack. But the focus is on the last two sentences, warning people who travel westward: Jiange is the gateway of Shu, and the situation is dangerous, so it is easy to mutiny, so you must not stay in Shu for a long time.
7.？ There are hungry tigers to be afraid of during the day? Why don't you go home early? ?
The first four sentences directly follow the above and write a cruel scene in the Sichuan military rebellion. All four words are used, and the rhythm is short and powerful. When you read two words, it's terrible. Pause and read the last two sentences with sincere persuasion.
8.？ The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky, and it is difficult to squint at the west. ?
This is the conclusion of the whole poem. When the main sentence appears for the third time, read it slowly and have a deep sigh. ? Look sideways to the west? After a short pause, read in a slowly fading tone? Long consultation? Three words, if echoed, are thought-provoking.
(7) Structural analysis (blackboard writing)
Introduction: a glance at the main sentence
Sigh the origin of Shu Gao Dao
The Shu road is steep.
Second, lamenting the sinister scenery? When will it be returned? take a picture
Two views on the (awesome) landscape sinister main sentence
Three sighs about the fierceness of war and the danger of Jiange.
(Shen Jie) What is the tragic scene of killing people? Go home early? knot
Three Views on the Ending Topic Sentence
(8) Analysis of difficulties
How does the poet express the grandeur and preciseness of Shu Dao?
(? Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? One sentence runs through the whole text. )
1, from a historical point of view, the difficulty of Shu Dao is extremely difficult.
The beginning of the poem is divided into several layers to describe the origin of Shu Dao.
Don't communicate with Qin Sai.
A dangerous narrow mountain road
It was once destroyed by earthquakes, and brave people lost their lives.
What's the use of quoting the legend of Wuding Mountain?
The faint myth is fascinating.
On the difficulty of opening up Shu Road from the great sacrifice at the beginning of the mountain.
2. It is difficult to write Shu Dao from the perspective of high risk of mountain.
3. It is difficult to write Shu Dao from the perspective of pedestrians.
Six dragons return to Yang (myth) Mountain blocks the sun.
In the abyss of Wan Ren, the waves are rough.
-lift the combination of reality and reality up and down.
Yellow cranes can't cross
Apes are eager to climb.
-Contrast and exaggeration
Jiuwan of Qingniling Mountain Road, it is hard to go.
Difficult situation and fear of walking on it
-Detail description
4. It is difficult to compare Shu Dao from the perspective of environment.
5. Seeing the writing difficulty of Shu Dao from its wonders.
? The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface. ? Exaggerate the height of mountain peaks and the danger of cliffs, and render a thrilling atmosphere.
6. Look at the writing difficulty of Shu Dao from a realistic perspective.
What does this paragraph include? Talk about the poet's intention of writing this way in connection with the background of the times.
Highlighting the danger of Jiange, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Historically, there were many people who claimed to be kings in this separatist regime. This leads to the description of the political situation, and Zhang Zai's words are used to persuade people to take warning and be alert to the occurrence of war. Expose the jackal in Shu? Get their teeth and fangs ready and kill like hemp? , both writing beast, and alluding to political evil, pun sword door closed.
. In the early years of Tang Bao, a crisis lurked behind the scene of peace. The author writes these to remind people to pay attention to the world and the current situation, and to show their worries and concerns about state affairs.
(9) Theme analysis
Information: Hu Zhenheng, an Amin, is known as Li Shitong. People praise their ears as Shu. It's dangerous to say, but more cautious, like a cloud? What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companions? ? . The meaning of the wind is far away. ?
The discussion is clear: this poem is mainly chanting, lamenting the height, danger and disaster of Shu Dao, because the high danger of Shu Dao has created good conditions for the separatist regime. Therefore, vigilance against military rebellion is the poet's main theme.
Discuss the question:? Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? What does this poem mean? It appeared three times. What's the use?
1. The beginning of the poem is Difficult to Learn Shu Dao, which points out the theme with strong emotions and sets the tone for the whole poem. With the ups and downs of feelings and the changes of natural scenes, such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? The repeated appearance of "Yong" has formed a pattern in which the sentences of this theme run through and the content is in-depth layer by layer. Is that what Shen Deqian said? The pen array is vertical and horizontal, such as flying? .
2.？ Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? Every time this topic sentence appears, there will always be a hint before or after it. Auxiliary sentence? Accompanied by. The subject sentence appears three times:
The subordinate sentence comes first and the main sentence comes last. The sighing of poets looking up at Shu Dao highlights the unfathomable height of Shu Dao. For the following, I wrote Taibai Bird Road, Staircase Stone Stack, Return to the Sun with High Standards, and Portal Calendar.
The main sentence comes first and the subordinate sentence comes last. What does the auxiliary verb sentence mean? Afraid of the road Do not leave easily. This sentence has the function of linking the two layers of content.
The main sentence comes first and the subordinate sentence comes last. This clause summarizes the danger of Jiange situation and the tragic disaster of Sichuan war, which is in line with the opening. Ending with a poem is full of fun.
(10) artistic features
1. Bold exaggeration (majestic and dangerous, strong and profound)
It is difficult to write about the history of Shu, mountains, rapids, waterfalls, Shu countries and the fears of Shu people.
Second, the strange imagination (traveling in Wan Ren, thinking for thousands of years)
Write historical legends, people in shock, the day when mountains are high (fairy tales-six dragons return to the sun), the flight of yellow cranes, and continuous peaks.
Third, strong feelings (stunning and shocking)
Repeatedly sigh, magnificent, deep feelings, strong ups and downs, changeable emotions.
Fourth, the changing language (uneven length, vertical and horizontal rise)
The whole poem has three characters, four characters, five characters, seven characters and nine characters, and the first half uses long sentences, which is full of momentum and exaggerates the mountains and rivers of Shu Road; In the second half, I wrote that Jiange was sinister. I used four words, which were forceful and showed my panic.
Third, combing knowledge points.
Important notional words:
1, high risk (adjective, translated into? Tall? )
2, don't communicate with Qin Sai (noun, where mountains and rivers are dangerous)
3. You can cross Mount Emei (verb? Cross, cross? )
4. high, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun (verb, translated as:? Bypass? Bypass? )
5. Although Jincheng is happy (cloud: verb, say; Verb, which can be translated as? Have a good time? )
6. Then the stair pile is hooked (hooked: hooked)
7. The highest cliff is only one foot from heaven (surplus: full)
8. The withered pine tree hangs upside down on the front of the cliff (tilt: tilt)
Important functional words:
It is difficult to go to the sky. Than? )
Squeeze through the foggy years (how)
This height is difficult for a yellow crane.
Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests.
Why do people from afar come here (why)
Common words:
What if he is disloyal (bandit: child? No? )
The meaning and usage of words
1, pity those poor monkeys who can only use their claws: for? Worry, passivity
2, even heard it pale: make? Fade, use
3, and send rotating stone thunder through 10 thousand valleys: make? Scroll and activate usage
4. Looking sideways to the west, Dragon Consultation: Looking west, a masterpiece.
Fourth, after-class exploration (thinking after class)
1. What is your favorite expression? Why?
Inquiry learning: This session aims to enable students to discover beauty on the basis of understanding the text. Teachers should never exceed their authority, because the improvement of appreciation ability is imperceptibly obtained by students in practice. Therefore, teachers should let students speak freely, and at the same time affirm students more, let them taste the sweetness of appreciation and go on firmly. Of course, when students don't know where to start, teachers can throw a brick to attract jade.
2. What is the practical significance of writing Jiange in the last paragraph of the poem to Tang society in the early days of Tianbao?
Research study: in the changing situation, sword gate
In a dangerous atmosphere, I finally wrote Jiange, a fortress in the middle of Shu. There is a 30-mile plank road between Dajianshan and Xiaojian Mountain. The peaks are like swords, the mountains are towering, and the walls are cut like doors, forming a natural fortress. Because of its dangerous terrain, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Historically, there were many people who claimed to be kings here. The poet described a political situation from the danger of Jiange. He used it in Sword Ming Ge written by Zhang Zai in the Western Jin Dynasty? Where did you win, not living with relatives? The purpose of the statement is to persuade people to take warning, be alert to the occurrence of war, and expose the jackal in Sichuan in connection with the social background at that time. Get their teeth and fangs ready and kill like hemp? This is a pun that not only describes the beast of Shu Dao, but also alludes to the political darkness, expressing anxiety and concern about state affairs and adding realistic connotation and profound implication to the poem.