Famous historical prose works in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period include Spring and Autumn Period, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin and Warring States Policy. Hundred schools of thought's prose masterpieces include The Analects of Confucius, Mozi, Mencius, Zhuangzi, Xunzi and Everything is done wrong.
Selected famous Chinese textbooks for middle schools are listed as follows.
I. Spring and Autumn Period
1. The Book of Songs, China's first collection of poems, was edited by Confucius. It collected 305 poems from the early Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, which initiated the realistic tradition of China literature and was the first of the Five Classics. Chinese textbooks for middle schools include Jing Nv, Meng Jia, Talking about Cutting, Storytelling, Guan Nv and July.
The Analects of Confucius was compiled by Confucius' disciples. This book records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. Ten middle school Chinese textbooks, The Analects of Confucius, Zuo Shi, Ji's Attack on Zhuan Xu and He Guo Zhang Ren, all come from this book. (Zhang, Zeng, Gong Xihua, also known as Zuo Shi, is famous for being advanced).
3. Zuo Zhuan, Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as Zuo Chunqiu, is the first chronicle of China, which is said to have been written by Zuo Qiuming. The middle school Chinese textbooks "Debate on Cao Gui", "The Battle of Dishes" and "The Battle of Candles" came from this book when they defeated Qin. The Battle of Chengpu in Chu Jin is often chosen as the propositional material for reading exercises in classical Chinese. Some materials will refer to Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period (Zuo Zhuan will be mentioned together with Gong Yanggao's Gongyang Biography and Gu Liangchi's Gu Liangqi). Among these three biographies, Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang mainly explain the essence of Spring and Autumn Annals, while Biography of Zuo is equivalent to a new history book independently compiled by the author.
4. Laozi, also known as Tao Te Ching, Tao Te Ching and Laozi's 5,000 words and 5,000 articles, is said to have been written by Laozi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period. There are many common idioms from Laozi, such as: contented, self-aware, open-minded, small country with few people, out of nothing, restoring justice, spare no effort, enduring, flattered, unlucky, old and dead, happy from now on, sharing weal and woe, taking the road of Wan Li,
Second, the Warring States period.
1, Zhuangzi, also known as South China Classic, has 33 existing articles. The works of Zhuang Zhou and his disciples, the works of Taoism. The excerpts from middle school Chinese textbooks are Controversy of Touching Barbarian Wars, My Clever Understanding of Cattle and Wandering around.
2, "Mencius", ***7 articles, recorded Mencius' words and deeds, written by Mencius and his disciples. The selections in middle school Chinese textbooks are history, fish I want, meeting Mencius, etc. Fables such as "Encouraging Seedlings", "A Chicken in the Moon" and "Autumn Education" also come from this book.
3, "Xunzi", the author Xun Kuang, avoided Han taboo and changed his name. Thinker and educator in the Warring States period. Han Fei and Li Si are the successors of his thought of rule of law. It is necessary to rewrite a fragment in the middle school Chinese textbook as "encouraging learning".
Everything is done by Han Feizi, and there are 55 books, some written by Han Feizi and later generations, and some works by legalists. Han Fei, a student of Xunzi. Bian Que meets Cai Huangong, Naoko suspects neighbors, Wu Zhu and Nan Guo. Middle school Chinese textbooks are all about this book. Well-known fables include Contradiction, Shoe Buying by Zheng People, and Fill in More Numbers.
5. Lu Chunqiu, also known as Lu Lan, *** 160. Lv Buwei in Qin Dynasty was edited by a group of scholars. The representative works of Miscellaneous Family mainly focus on Confucianism and Taoism, absorbing the thoughts of Mohism and Legalism. Chinese textbooks in middle schools include articles such as Tea Classics and Tea Biography. (The famous fable "Carving a boat for a sword" gives a self-examination of Jin)
6. Liezi, also known as Xu Chong Zhen Jing, is said to have been written by Lieyukou during the Warring States Period. A famous story quoted by President Mao Zedong in his works is "A Mountain with a Foolish Duke", which was selected as a Chinese textbook for middle schools.
7. Warring States policy, also known as national policy. It records the strategies of lobbyists in various countries during the Warring States period. The author cannot be tested. It was compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty, with 33 articles. Chinese textbooks for middle schools, Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission, Zou Ji's Satire to Teach, Feng Xuan Guest and Jing Ke Sting, all come from this book.
8. The works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu collected by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty, ** 17. Qu Yuan is a romantic patriotic poet of Chu State and a masterpiece of Li Sao. The full text of Shejiang and excerpts from Lisao were selected as Chinese textbooks for middle schools. Qu Yuan initiated the romantic tradition of China's poetry. The "national style" in Li Sao and the Book of Songs is also called "coquettish", and its meaning has become another name for "literature" and "talent".