Characteristics of meta-pronouns
Compared with Song Ci, Yuan Ci is quite inferior. Metawords can be divided into two periods. Generally speaking, the poets in the first period include three parts: poets in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, poets from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty and northern poets under the rule of the Mongolian Dynasty. At this time, what is more touching in the ci works is the works that express the thoughts of the old country. Poets in the second period were probably born after Kublai Khan changed his yuan. The famous poets in this period are Zhang Jian, Sadu and Yu Ji. The famous ones are Yu Ji's The Wind Into the Pine, Sadu's Manjianghong and Jinling Nostalgia. However, Zhang Jian's ci is beautiful and delicate, which is particularly distinctive.
The creation of meta pronouns can be divided into two periods. The first period includes the works of poets born in Mongolia before the unification of the Yuan Dynasty. The second period includes the works of poets born after the unification of the Yuan Dynasty and before its demise.
Poets in the first period generally include three parts: poets who entered the Yuan Dynasty from the Southern Song Dynasty, poets who entered the Yuan Dynasty from the Jin Dynasty and northern poets under the rule of the Mongolian Dynasty. Because most of the poets in this period had the experience of national subjugation and war, the most valuable part of their ci was to express their yearning for their motherland and the feeling of thorns and bronze camels brought about by the change of the world. And these contents are different in the works of poets in different living environments.
Famous poets in yuan dynasty
During this period, besides Yuan Haowen, Zhao Meng, Lu Wengui and others, Zhang Zhihan, Liu Min and Yuan Yi also had their own characteristics. Yuan Yi's ci is beautiful and artistic, while Zhang Zhihan's ci can express true feelings and pursue new ideas in art, but its achievements are limited because of its narrow content.
The main writers in the late Yuan Dynasty were Yu Ji, Wang Xu, Zhang Yu, Sadulla and Zhang Jian. They were probably born after Kublai Khan changed to Yuan Dynasty, and they didn't go through many wars. Therefore, even when a famous writer like Sadula writes nostalgic ci, he is no longer like the adherents in Yuan Haowen and Zhao Mengfu's ci.
Exploring the origin of luggage and longing for a semi-secluded and semi-vulgar life is the main content of the poet's works in this period. Scholars in the Yuan Dynasty generally had the traditional concept of saving the world, but they were particularly disappointed because of the exceptionally dark rule of Mongolian nobles in the Yuan Dynasty. Scholars who can't be officials are worried all their lives, while officials among senior officials always feel the pain of "saying no", which is revealed in the works of Liu, Xu Heng and Wang Yun.
More and more scholars feel that there is no way out of reality, the future can not be grasped, but it is difficult to let go. Therefore, they often make seemingly open-minded but angry comments on their immediate achievements and reputation behind them. Yu Ji wrote in "Good": "Look at the success or failure of ancient and modern times, how many heroes, who will be who can and who is not good, just a few lines of paper will be ruined"; Zhenwu said in [Qinyuanchun]: "How many romantic flows in ancient and modern times only reached Mangshan. A broken skin is a skeleton ",full of a feeling of extreme disappointment who sees through the world of mortals. "As for Liu Minzhong's" If you don't do it, you will do it, and if you don't do it, you will be extremely happy "([Man Jianghong]), and Cao's" In the puppet shed of life, how can this trip be regarded as west and east "([Qing Pingle]), it has even reached the extreme of reconciling everything, waiting for right and wrong and playing with the world. In order to find a spiritual way out, they also put forward the life ideas of "carefree, safe hiding, you can drink wine together" (Wang Xu [Linjiang Xian]) and "not vulgar, not immortal, half awake and half drunk" (Zhang [Nian Nujiao]), longing for a spiritual life beyond the secular. This yearning is reflected in the works of many poets in this period.
The most famous poet in this period was Zhang Jian. The primary feature of his ci lies in paying attention to the description of delicate feelings. Compared with meta-ci, his ci mainly focuses on memory and discussion, and is insensitive to the capture of natural feelings and inner feelings, which is superior to his contemporaries. Secondly, Zhang Jian is good at revealing and expressing feelings, grasping the characteristics of scenery at one time and one place, and making personalized descriptions, thus conveying his unique feelings. For example, his Hidden Dragon, Hidden Dragon, Jie Lianhuan and Fishing all have the characteristics of subtle artistic conception and delicate description. Its shortcoming is that it is still too narrow, and there is no circle to record personal joys and sorrows. Except for Zhang Jian, Li Xiaoguang's ci poems in this period have real feelings; The artistic conception beauty of Wang Xu's ci; Zhang Yu's poems have delicate feelings; Yu Ji's ci is concise, fluent and literary; Sadu's poems are lyrical, blending the allusions of his predecessors' poems, forming a unique style with artistic characteristics.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the works of poets went from bad to worse. But some works are more valuable. For example, Shu [Man Jianghong] lamented that the people's livelihood was depressed in troubled times, and it was difficult for the people to help. Shao Hengzhen [Huanxisha] described the suffering of people displaced by war, indicating that social unrest at the end of the Yuan Dynasty made some writers pay attention to the national luck and people's livelihood. In a large number of mediocre or even boring ci works in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, a ray of brilliance flashed. However, these words are different from the previous paragraph in lamenting the rise and fall and expressing the thoughts of the motherland. They mainly show the author's sigh and boredom with war and fighting ~